3种品系中华鳖的肌肉品质分析与评价

为探究3种品系中华鳖肌肉品质的差异,选取淮河品系中华鳖、黄河品系中华鳖和日本品系中华鳖(Trionyx sinensis),分别对其肌肉基本营养成分(水分、粗蛋白及粗脂肪)、氨基酸、脂肪酸和质构特性进行分析。研究发现,黄河鳖肌肉的水分含量显著高于淮河鳖和日本鳖(P0.05),粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量差异不显著(P0.05);黄河鳖肌肉中的水分和粗蛋白含量均最高。淮河鳖肌肉中氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸总量和呈味氨基酸总量最高,黄河鳖次之;淮河鳖肌肉中游离氨基酸含量最高,3种鳖肌肉中含量最丰富的游离氨基酸均是牛磺酸;3种鳖肌肉蛋白的必需氨基酸总量/氨基酸总量(TEAA/TAA)均在40%左右,必需氨基酸总量/非必需氨基酸总量(TEAA/TNEAA)均远高于60%,淮河鳖的氨基酸评分(amino acid score, AAS)、化学评分(chemical score, CS)和必需氨基酸指数(essential amino acid index, EAAI)均显著高于黄河鳖和日本鳖(P0.05)。日本鳖的单不饱和脂肪酸(monounsaturated fatty acid, MUFA)和多不饱和脂肪酸(polyunsaturated fatty acid, PUFA)含量最高,淮河鳖的二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸(EPA+DHA)含量最高。淮河鳖肌肉的硬度、弹性显著高于黄河鳖及日本鳖(P0.05)。结果表明,3种鳖的氨基酸含量丰富且相对平衡,均属于优质蛋白源,富含多种呈味氨基酸、牛磺酸和不饱和脂肪酸。本研究通过对3种品系中华鳖肌肉品质的综合评价,可为中华鳖资源的合理开发利用提供基础资料和科学依据。     

芽孢杆菌微生态制剂对灰海马幼体生长、成活率及消化酶活力的影响

通过给灰海马(Hippocampus erectus Perry)初生幼体口服卤虫包膜的芽孢杆菌微生态制剂,探讨其对海马幼体生长、成活率及消化酶活力的影响。共计3批初生的灰海马幼体(3对亲本一次产出的全部幼体),每批平均分为两组,分别作为试验组和对照组。3批幼体作为3个重复组,以排除初生幼体质量不同引起的差异。试验组投喂用芽孢杆菌微生态制剂处理过的卤虫幼体,对照组投喂未经芽孢杆菌微生态制剂处理的卤虫幼体,试验时间为25 d。试验结束时,试验组灰海马幼体体长和体长增量与对照组无显著差异;体质量方面,仅第3批中试验组显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),其它两批无显著差异;3批次试验组灰海马幼体的成活率均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05);消化酶方面,试验组与对照组间除第3批试验灰海马幼体的脂肪酶活力及第1批试验灰海马幼体的蛋白酶活力无显著差异外,其它批次中试验组灰海马肠道脂肪酶、蛋白酶和淀粉酶的活力均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05)。结果表明,口服芽孢杆菌微生态制剂能够显著提高人工养殖灰海马幼体的成活率及肠道消化酶活力。     

达里湖高原鳅肌肉营养成分分析与品质评价

采用常规生化分析方法分析和评价内蒙古达里诺尔湖达里湖高原鳅Triplophysa dalaica肌肉的营养成分。结果表明:达里湖高原鳅全鱼和肌肉的水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分含量分别为:(74.28±1.04)%和(78.30±0.23)%、(14.57±0.02)%和(17.77±0.05)%、(7.15±1.56)%和(1.77±0.03)%、(3.45±0.14)%和(1.14±0.05)%。达里湖高原鳅肌肉中共检测出18种氨基酸,总量(TAA)为(13.80±0.92)%,其中8种必需氨基酸(EAA)总量为(5.72±0.37)%,占氨基酸总量的(41.43±0.69)%,必需氨基酸总量(TEAA)/非必需氨基酸总量(TNEAA)为(70.76±1.99)%,其必需氨基酸比例符合FAO/WTO的理想模式。依据氨基酸评分标准(ASS),达里湖高原鳅的第一、第二限制性氨基酸分别为缬氨酸、色氨酸;依据化学评分标准(CS),达里湖高原鳅的第一、第二限制性氨基酸分别为色氨酸、蛋氨酸+胱氨酸,必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)为55.52。肌肉中鲜味氨基酸(DAA)总量为(5.29±0.24)%,占氨基酸总量的(38.40±1.07)%,支链氨基酸(BCAA)与芳香族氨基酸(AAA)的比值(F)为(2.48±0.16)。肌肉中共检测出22种脂肪酸,多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)总含量为(23.50±0.12)%,其中二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)+二十碳五烯酸(EPA)含量为(9.37±0.10)%,必需脂肪酸(EFA)含量为(10.07±0.29)%。分析结果表明,达里湖高原鳅具有合理的氨基酸和脂肪酸组成,是一种味道鲜美、营养价值丰富的淡水鱼类,具有良好的开发利用前景。     

β-胡萝卜素强化剂对卤虫体内类胡萝卜素组成的影响

为探究β-胡萝卜素强化对卤虫(Artemia)体内类胡萝卜素组成和含量的影响，以渤海湾卤虫为研究对象，设置5个β-胡萝卜素强化剂梯度(1、3、5、7、9 mg·L^-1),并设1个不添加β-胡萝卜素的对照组，分析添加不同浓度β-胡萝卜素强化剂对卤虫无节幼体和成虫体内类胡萝卜素组成和含量变化的影响。结果表明，营养强化后，卤虫体内检测到β-胡萝卜素、角黄素和海胆酮3种类胡萝卜素；卤虫无节幼体和成虫体内β-胡萝卜素含量随着强化剂量增大显著上升(P<0.05);无节幼体体内海胆酮和成虫体内角黄素含量变化大致上与β-胡萝卜素强化剂梯度变化表现出显著相关性(P<0.05)。饥饿12 h后，强化组体内β-胡萝卜素含量明显下降，但依然显著高于对照组(P<0.05),表现出较好的富集效果。因此，通过营养强化的卤虫，不仅可以作为外源类胡萝卜素的生物载体，还可以利用其体内代谢转化，为养殖苗种提供多级类胡萝卜素营养。     

营养强化的轮虫、卤虫对牙鲆仔鱼的成活、生长及体脂肪酸组成的影响

用3种营养强化剂强化的轮虫和卤虫无节幼体投喂牙鲆仔鱼,研究牙鲆仔鱼的生长、成活、体脂肪酸的组成。结果表明:用强化的轮虫和卤虫无节幼体投喂牙鲆仔鱼,成活率、增重均显著高于对照组(p<0 01),其中V号强化剂的效果最好,成活率为29 34%,比对照组提高100%;增重倍数为217 90,比对照组提高68 61%;这是由于V号强化剂强化的卤虫无节幼体体内含有较多的AA的缘故,饵料中AA含量的提高,可以提高牙鲆仔鱼的成活率、促进其生长。牙鲆摄食强化过的轮虫、卤虫无节幼体后,其EPA、DHA、n-3HUFA、PUFA的含量随着饵料中含量的升高而升高,这也是牙鲆仔鱼生长速度和成活率提高的重要因素之一。     

5种饵料动物的营养成分分析及评价

对5种饵料动物(卤虫无节幼体、强化后的卤虫幼体、中华哲水蚤、短额刺糠虾、强壮藻钩虾)的营养成分进行了分析,旨在对其营养价值进行评价。采用生化分析手段对5种动物饵料的水分、灰分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和氨基酸、脂肪酸进行分析。结果显示:5种动物饵料水分含量为87.83%~92.89%,灰分含量为1.69%~4.12%,粗脂肪含量为0.55%~1.36%,其中卤虫无节幼体含量最高(1.36%湿重);粗蛋白质为4.25%~8.74%,含量以短额刺糠虾最高(8.74%湿重)。均含有20种氨基酸,结构较为合理,必需氨基酸含量丰富,综合氨基酸含量及评价来看,5种饵料动物中营养价值最高是短额刺糠虾,然后依次是卤虫无节幼体、强化后的卤虫幼体、中华哲水蚤、强壮藻钩虾。检测到23种脂肪酸,多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)占脂肪酸总量的23.21%~41.03%,中华哲水蚤短额刺糠虾强壮藻钩虾卤虫无节幼体强化后的卤虫幼体(P0.05);其中EPA和DHA,除卤虫无节幼体含量较少(3.96%、0.22%)外,其他4种饵料中含量丰富,其中中华哲水蚤(13.89%、21.88%)和短额刺糠虾(17.79%、15.97%)最为丰富。由此可见,5种饵料动物富含蛋白质、脂肪,均符合作为饵料动物的基本营养需求,其中中华哲水蚤和短额刺糠虾营养价值最佳。     

牛磺酸对卤虫无节幼体体成分的营养强化作用

为探讨牛磺酸强化卤虫无节幼体对其体成分的影响,试验分别以0、10、100、1 000mg/L浓度的牛磺酸强化卤虫无节幼体12h和24h后,采用国标法检测卤虫无节幼体水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分、钙和磷的含量。试验结果显示:100mg/L牛磺酸强化卤虫无节幼体12h能显著提高其粗蛋白(P0.05)、粗脂肪、钙和磷的含量,显著降低其粗灰分含量(P0.05);10mg/L牛磺酸强化卤虫无节幼体24h能显著提高其粗蛋白和钙的含量(P0.05),显著降低其粗脂肪和粗灰分含量(P0.05);100mg/L牛磺酸强化卤虫无节幼体24h能显著提高其粗蛋白、钙和磷的含量(P0.05),显著减低其粗脂肪和粗灰分含量(P0.05)。表明:本试验条件下10mg/L牛磺酸强化卤虫无节幼体24h能显著改善卤虫无节幼体的体成分。     

稻田和池塘养殖禾花鲤肌肉营养与品质分析

为评估不同养殖环境对禾花鲤(Cyprinus carpio)肌肉营养与品质的影响,采用国标法检测稻田和池塘2种养殖环境下禾花鲤肌肉常规营养成分、质构特性、氨基酸和脂肪酸组成。结果显示,池塘组禾花鲤肌肉粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量显著高于稻田组(P<0.05),水分含量显著低于稻田组(P<0.05),灰分含量2组差异不显著(P>0.05);池塘组肌肉粘性显著高于稻田组(P<0.05),内聚性和剪切力显著低于稻田组(P<0.05),其他质构指标2组间差异不显著(P>0.05);肌肉氨基酸测定结果显示,池塘组氨基酸总量(?TAA)、鲜味氨基酸(DAA)、必需氨基酸(EAA)、非必需氨基酸(NEAA)显著高于稻田组(P<0.05),?EAA/TAA和?EAA/NEAA显著低于稻田组(P<0.05),2组禾花鲤必需氨基酸构成比例均符合FAO/WHO标准;在鲜味氨基酸含量方面,池塘组主要的4种呈味氨基酸含量均显著高于稻田组(P<0.05)。根据氨基酸评分(AAS)和化学评分(CS)标准,2组禾花鲤肌肉第一、二限制性氨基酸均分别为色氨酸(Trp)和缬氨酸(Val);在脂肪酸测定结果中显示,池塘组单不饱和脂肪酸(∑MUFA)含量显著高于稻田组(P<0.05),但多不饱和脂肪酸(∑PUFA)、EPA+DHA和∑n-3PUFA/ ∑n-6PUFA显著低于稻田组(P<0.05)。综上所述,池塘和稻田养殖条件下,禾花鲤均为优质的蛋白质来源,但不同养殖环境对禾花鲤肌肉营养与品质有显著影响。从常规营养成分、氨基酸评分方面看,池塘养殖条件下禾花鲤肌肉营养价值更高;从脂肪酸角度来看,稻田养殖禾花鲤肌肉具有较高的EPA+DHA含量以及n-3/n-6多不饱和脂肪酸比例,更适合高血脂和心血管疾病等患者食用,从质构性来看,稻田养殖环境下禾花鲤肌肉更具嚼劲。     

灰裂腹鱼肌肉营养分析与评价

采用常规生化分析方法对灰裂腹鱼(Schizothorax griseus)肌肉进行分析并评价。分析的主要指标:常规营养成分、氨基酸、脂肪酸和矿物质元素。灰裂腹鱼的含肉率为71.22%,肌肉鲜样的粗蛋白含量高达22.98%,粗脂肪含量低,为1.35%。其干样含有18种氨基酸,氨基酸总量(TAA)为77.02%,包括8种人体必需氨基酸(EAA),总量为31.69%,必需氨基酸的构成比例符合FAO/WHO的标准;灰裂腹鱼的第一限制性氨基酸是色氨酸(Trp),赖氨酸(Lys)的氨基酸评分(AAS)和化学评分(CS)都最高,分别为2.28和1.76,呈味氨基酸的总量为34.73%;肌肉干样的饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)、多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量分别为24.4%、41.3%、25.6%;一共检测到8种矿物质元素铁、锰、锌、铜、钙、镁、钾、钠,其比例合理。结论:灰裂腹鱼味道鲜美,具有较高的营养价值和巨大的开发潜能。     

不同生物饵料组合对脊尾白虾幼体变态发育的影响

本研究以脊尾白虾(Exopalaemon carinicauda)幼体为研究对象,研究了牟氏角毛藻(Chaeroeeros moelleri)、褶皱臂尾轮虫(Brachionus plicatilis)和卤虫(Artemia salina)无节幼体搭配投喂对脊尾白虾幼体的存活率(SR)、变态发育和消化酶的影响。结果显示,单一卤虫组的幼体变态发育速度最快,14 d内全部变态为仔虾,其他3组则需要15 d;单一卤虫组、牟氏角毛藻+卤虫组和轮虫+卤虫组的幼体变态为仔虾时的SR分别为84.33%、84.67%和83.00%,各组间差异不显著(P>0.05);投喂牟氏角毛藻+轮虫+卤虫混合饵料组的幼体在Z5~P阶段大量死亡,变态为仔虾时的SR为35.67%。单一卤虫组投喂的脊尾白虾幼体的胃蛋白酶(1.94 U/mg prot)、脂肪酶(2.35 U/mg prot)和α-淀粉酶(0.13 U/mg prot)活力在4个组中最高,牟氏角毛藻+轮虫+卤虫组的胃蛋白酶(0.08 U/mg prot)、脂肪酶(0.91 U/mg prot)和α-淀粉酶(0.08 U/mg prot)活力在4个组中最低;牟氏角毛藻+卤虫组和轮虫+卤虫组的α-淀粉酶活力均为0.12 U/mg prot,而轮虫+卤虫组幼体的脂肪酶(1.78 U/mg prot)和胃蛋白酶(0.39 U/mg prot)比牟氏角毛藻+卤虫组分别高0.35和0.04 U/mg prot。研究表明,在脊尾白虾育苗过程中,投喂卤虫无节幼体(3~5 ind./mL),能提高幼体SR和加快变态发育速度,同时,在养殖过程中加入一定的牟氏角毛藻可减缓养殖水体恶化的速度。     

管角螺稚贝对亚硝酸盐耐受力研究

水温29℃时研究了管角螺（Hem ifusus tuba）稚贝[壳高（1.22±0.14）mm]在不同盐度和pH下对亚硝酸盐毒性的耐受力。试验结果表明,pH和盐度越低,亚硝酸盐对稚贝的毒害作用越大。水体pH为6.7、7.3、8.0和8.8时,亚硝酸盐对管角螺稚贝的96 h半数致死质量浓度（LC50）（95%可信区间）分别为188 mg.L-1（167～213 m.gL-1）、213 m.gL-1（195～231 m.gL-1）、254 m.gL-1（231～271 m.gL-1）和304 m.gL-1（284～321 m.gL-1）,相对应的安全质量浓度（SC）为18.8 mg.L-1、21.3 m.gL-1、25.4 mg.L-1和30.4 m.gL-1,pH8.8时亚硝酸盐对稚贝的SC是pH 6.7时的1.6倍;盐度在16、19、23和28时,亚硝酸盐对管角螺稚贝的96 hLC50（95%可信区间）分别为151 m.gL-1（138～178 m.gL-1）、171 mg.L-1（159～192 mg.L-1）、265 mg.L-1（246～282 m.gL-1）和296 m.gL-1（278～323 m.gL-1）,相对应的SC分别为15.1 m.gL-1、17.1 m.gL-1、26.5mg.L-1和29.6 m.gL-1,盐度28时亚硝酸盐对稚贝的SC是盐度16时的近2倍。     

投喂频率对雌雄分化后灰海马生长发育、饵料转换效率及消化酶活力的影响

以外形刚可辨别雌雄的灰海马(Hippocampus erectus)为研究对象,冰冻糠虾(Mysis spp.)为饵料,研究不同投喂频率(A:1次/d、B:2次/d、C:3次/d和D:4次/d)对雌雄分化后灰海马生长、发育、饵料转换效率及消化酶活力的影响。结果表明,整个实验期间灰海马的体质量特定生长率(WSGR)和体高特定生长率(HSGR)均随投喂频率的增加而增加,其中A、B和C3组雄海马的WSGR和HSGR均高于雌海马,而D组雌雄间差异不显著(P>0.05);随时间的推移,D组雌海马的WSGR和HSGR均呈先增后减趋势,而其它3组均呈下降趋势,且第1周的WSGR和HSGR均显著高于第5周(P<0.05)。B组灰海马的饵料转换效率(FCE)显著高于其它各组(P<0.05)。A组雌海马的性腺发育早于其它各组。A组灰海马的脂肪酶、淀粉酶和胃蛋白酶活力均显著高于其它各组(P<0.05),且该组雌海马的上述3种酶活力均显著高于雄海马(P<0.05);各组灰海马的胰蛋白酶活力相互之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。因此,在灰海马的商业养殖中应综合考虑养殖效益,根据不同发育阶段选择不同的投喂方式。而在亲体培育时,选择4次/d的投喂频率最佳。     

Effective replacement of protein‐bound amino acids by crystalline amino acids in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) juveniles

The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of free amino acids to replace protein‐bound amino acids in diets for Solea senegalensis juveniles. For this purpose, fish with 4.26 g mean initial weight were fed during 55 days with diets containing 500 g kg^?1 protein and 100 g kg^?1 lipid, based on fish meal and fish oil as main protein and lipid sources (control diet), or diets where 20%, 35% and 50% of fish meal were replaced by crystalline amino acids, using L‐lysine HCl as lysine source. To access the efficiency of the crystalline lysine source, another diet was formulated with 35% fish meal replacement but using L‐lysine sulphate instead of L‐lysine HCl as lysine source. Overall, growth performance, feed utilization, nutrient retention, whole‐body and amino acid composition did not show significant differences among groups. In conclusion, up to 50% protein‐bound amino acids can be replaced by crystalline amino acids in diets for Senegalese sole juveniles without negative effects in fish performance. Additionally, it was shown that L‐lysine sulphate and L‐lysine‐HCl may be used interchangeably by Senegalese sole juveniles, with the potential economic benefits involved.     

细角螺肌肉氨基酸及脂肪酸组成分析

测定了细角螺(Hemifusus termatamus)腹足部肌肉的氨基酸含量与脂肪酸组成,并与方斑东风螺(Babylonia areolata)、管角螺(Hemifusus tuba)、棘角螺(Hemifusus kawamurai)和鲐鱼(Pneumatophorus japonicus)进行了比较。结果显示,细角螺肌肉中检出17种氨基酸,总含量为肌肉干重的81.03%,高于鲐鱼(79.86%)、方斑东风螺(66.45%)、管角螺(56.94%)和棘角螺(64.42%);肌肉中4种呈味氨基酸(天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸和丙氨酸)的含量为38.49%,占氨基酸总量的47.50%;8种必需氨基酸(EAA)总含量为38.49%,占氨基酸总量的46.94%。细角螺肌肉中共检出20种脂肪酸,其中饱和脂肪酸的含量为65.25%,不饱和脂肪酸的含量为34.75%,不饱和脂肪酸与饱和脂肪酸含量的比值为0.53,低于方斑东风螺(1.15)、管角螺(1.13)和棘角螺(0.69),高于鲐鱼(0.37)。结果表明,细角螺肌肉中必需氨基酸与不饱和脂肪酸含量较丰富,具有较高的营养价值,是一种较为理想的食物蛋白与脂肪来源。     

Effects of different dietary amino acid patterns on growth performance and body composition of juvenile giant croaker Nibea japonica

A feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of different dietary amino acid patterns on growth performance, feed utilization and body composition of juvenile Nibea japonica. Four semi‐purified diets were formulated to simulate the dietary amino acid profiles of juvenile giant croaker whole body protein (GCP), Peru fishmeal protein (PFP), red sea bream eggs protein (REP) and soybean meal protein (SMP) by supplementing with pre‐coated crystalline amino acids (CAA). A control diet contained only intact protein sources provided by the fishmeal and casein (2:1). Each experimental diet was fed to satiated triplicate groups of juveniles (10.73 ± 0.07 g) twice a day for 8 weeks. The highest weight gain (WG) was observed in the juveniles fed the control diet, whereas no significant differences were found between the juveniles fed the GCP and control diets. Fish fed the control, GCP, PFP and SMP diets did not exhibit any significant difference in protein efficiency ratio (PER), feed conversion (FCR) or nitrogen (N) retention. The results of this study suggest that the amino acid (AA) patterns of juvenile whole body protein could be used as a guideline in the formulation of dry diets, which also confirms that the juvenile giant croaker is able to utilize high amounts (20%) of CAA in coated form for growth.     

Assessment of the ideal ratios of digestible essential amino acids for pacu,Piaractus mesopotamicus,juveniles by the amino acid deletion method

The present study aimed to determine the ideal ratios of digestible essential amino acids (EAAs) for pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) juveniles by the amino acid (AA) deletion method. A completely randomized design which consisted of 11 treatments and three replicates each was used. The treatments included a control diet (CD) containing 55% of nonpurified natural ingredients and 45% of purified synthetic amino acids and ingredients, and other ten isonitrogenous and isoenergetic EAA limiting diets (LDs), each being deficient in 44.4 ± 0.02% of the respective EAA. Pacu juveniles with initial average body weight of 6.22 ± 0.09 g were distributed among 33 fiber glass tanks. Fish were fed with semipurified and extruded diets for 113 days two times a day until apparent satiation. The ideal ratio of each dietary EAA was calculated on the basis of the relationship between body N retention and amount of EAA deleted from the respective EAA LD. Based on the AA deletion method, the ideal ratios of digestible EAAs for pacu juveniles, relative to lysine requirement of 100% were estimated as: methionine 14.6%, threonine 35.0%, tryptophan 6.6%, arginine 62.8%, histidine 13.6%, isoleucine 26.3%, leucine 43.7%, phenylalanine 27.2%, and valine 35.8%.     

可口革囊星虫体液细胞组成及营养成分研究

利用显微镜观察可口革囊星虫体液的有形成分是由血细胞、颗粒细胞、生殖细胞和桑椹胚细胞组成。利用氨基酸自动分析仪、液相色谱研究了体液的无形成分有18种常见氨基酸,氨基酸总量为2.34 mg/m l。8种必需氨基酸为0.8 mg/m l,占氨基酸总量的34.19%,呈鲜味游离氨基酸和呈甘味游离氨基酸的总含量为1.06 mg/m l,占体液氨基酸总量的45.3%。含有18种脂肪酸,总含量为0.69 mg/m l。其中,饱和脂肪酸含量为0.22 mg/m l,占脂肪酸总量的32.88%;不饱和脂肪酸含量为0.47 mg/m l,约占脂肪酸总量的68.12%,其中单不饱和脂肪总含量为0.22 mg/m l,占脂肪酸总量的32.88%;多不饱和脂肪酸总含量为0.252 mg/m l,约占脂肪酸总量的36.52%。     

Assessment of reference dietary amino acid pattern for juvenile red sea bream, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pagrus major</Emphasis>

Four semi-purified diets, containing crystalline amino acids (CAAs), were fed to juvenile red sea bream, Pagrus major in order to ascertain the ideal dietary amino acid pattern for this species. A control diet containing 50% casein–gelatin as protein sources, but no CAAs were fed to the fish. The other diets contained 30% casein–gelatin and 20% CAAs. CAAs were added to diets to simulate with amino acid pattern of the red sea bream eggs protein (REP), red sea bream larvae whole body protein (RLP), red sea bream juvenile whole body protein (RJP), and brown fishmeal protein (BFP). The juveniles (average initial body weight, 1.58 ± 0.01 g) were maintained in triplicate tanks and fed twice daily for 30 days. The highest weight gain was observed in juveniles fed the RJP diet. No significant difference was observed in juveniles fed the RLP and BFP diet. Feed efficiency ratio, protein efficiency ratio and amino acid retention in the whole body were significantly (p < 0.05) affected by the simulated dietary amino acid patterns. The essential amino acid profile and A/E ratios of the whole body after the growth trial showed little difference among the dietary treatments. The results suggest that red sea bream juveniles are able to utilize high amounts of CAA in coated form. The amino acid pattern of RJP could be used as an appropriate of reference dietary amino acid for this species.     

饲料中添加几丁聚糖对吉富罗非鱼幼鱼肝脏抗氧化力、血清激素及肌肉营养的影响

以吉富罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)幼鱼为研究对象,探讨添加不同剂量的几丁聚糖对吉富罗非鱼幼鱼肝脏抗氧化力、血清生化与肌肉品质的影响。选择体重为(2.97±0.02)g的健康吉富罗非鱼375尾,随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每个重复25尾鱼,分别饲喂在基础日粮中添加0%(对照组)、1%、2%、3%和4%几丁聚糖溶液(有效成分为0.6%)。养殖63 d后,测定肝脏抗氧化性能、血清生化和激素水平以及肌肉中氨基酸与脂肪酸组成。结果显示,饲料中添加1%和2%几丁聚糖能显著提高血清C3、T3和Po水平,降低Lac与T4水平(P0.05)。同时,1%和2%添加组能显著降低肝脏MDA含量,提高SOD、CAT和GSH-Px活力(P0.05)。各实验组水分、灰分与粗蛋白含量无显著差异(P0.05)。然而,随几丁聚糖添加水平的增加,粗脂肪含量显著下降(P0.05)。各实验组氨基酸组成与脂肪酸组成无显著差异(P0.05);2%和3%几丁聚糖组氨基酸组成中EAA、DAA和TAA含量与PUFA含量略高于其它实验组。     

Effect of dietary taurine and lipid contents on conjugated bile acid composition and growth performance of juvenile Japanese flounder <Emphasis Type="Italic">Paralichthys olivaceus</Emphasis>

ABSTRACT:   The effects of dietary taurine levels and lipid contents on the conjugated bile acid composition and growth performance of juvenile Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus were investigated. Six types of diet (three different levels of taurine at two different levels of lipid) were fed to juveniles (average body weight, 0.04 g). Fishmeal that was washed with 70% ethanol to remove taurine was used as the sole protein source. Feeding experiments were carried out at 20°C for 6 weeks. At the end of the experiments, fish were weighed and analyzed for free amino acids in the body and the composition of the conjugated bile acids. The body weight and percent weight gain of the juveniles were improved by the dietary taurine supplementation. The taurine contents of the whole body and tissues increased with the increase of the dietary taurine contents. The conjugated bile acids in the gall bladder consisted of taurocholic acid and taurochenodeoxycholic acid, which increased with the increase of the dietary taurine level. Taurocholic acid accounted for more than 95% of the total conjugated bile acids. This indicates that taurine is the sole amino acid to conjugate bile acid in Japanese flounder.