达里湖高原鳅肌肉营养成分分析与品质评价

采用常规生化分析方法分析和评价内蒙古达里诺尔湖达里湖高原鳅Triplophysa dalaica肌肉的营养成分。结果表明:达里湖高原鳅全鱼和肌肉的水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分含量分别为:(74.28±1.04)%和(78.30±0.23)%、(14.57±0.02)%和(17.77±0.05)%、(7.15±1.56)%和(1.77±0.03)%、(3.45±0.14)%和(1.14±0.05)%。达里湖高原鳅肌肉中共检测出18种氨基酸,总量(TAA)为(13.80±0.92)%,其中8种必需氨基酸(EAA)总量为(5.72±0.37)%,占氨基酸总量的(41.43±0.69)%,必需氨基酸总量(TEAA)/非必需氨基酸总量(TNEAA)为(70.76±1.99)%,其必需氨基酸比例符合FAO/WTO的理想模式。依据氨基酸评分标准(ASS),达里湖高原鳅的第一、第二限制性氨基酸分别为缬氨酸、色氨酸;依据化学评分标准(CS),达里湖高原鳅的第一、第二限制性氨基酸分别为色氨酸、蛋氨酸+胱氨酸,必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)为55.52。肌肉中鲜味氨基酸(DAA)总量为(5.29±0.24)%,占氨基酸总量的(38.40±1.07)%,支链氨基酸(BCAA)与芳香族氨基酸(AAA)的比值(F)为(2.48±0.16)。肌肉中共检测出22种脂肪酸,多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)总含量为(23.50±0.12)%,其中二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)+二十碳五烯酸(EPA)含量为(9.37±0.10)%,必需脂肪酸(EFA)含量为(10.07±0.29)%。分析结果表明,达里湖高原鳅具有合理的氨基酸和脂肪酸组成,是一种味道鲜美、营养价值丰富的淡水鱼类,具有良好的开发利用前景。

Analysis and Evaluation of Nutritional Components in Muscle of Plateau Fish Triplophysa dalaica

In this study,routine biochemical analysis methods were used to evaluate the nutritional composition and quality of wild plateau fish Triplophysa dalaica muscle from Dali Lake in Inner Mongolia.The plateau fish had (74.28 ± 1.04) ％ and (78.30 ± 0.23) ％ of moisture in whole body,and in muscle,(14.57 ± 0.02) ％ and (17.77± 0.05) ％ of crude protein in whole body and muscle,(7.15 ± 1.56) ％ and (1.77 ± 0.03) ％ of crude fat in whole body and muscle,and (3.45 ± 0.14) ％ and (1.14 ± 0.05) ％ of crude ash in whole body and in muscle.There were eighteen amino acids in the muscle of the wild plateau fish,including eight essential amino acids (EAA),with the total content of amino acids (TAA) of (13.80 ± 0.92) ％,and the content of EAA of (5.72 ± 0.37) ％.The EAA/TAA was found to be (41.43 ± 0.69) ％ and EAA/NEAA (70.76 ± 1.99) ％,completely conform to the high-quality protein standard of the Food and Agriculture Organization / Word Health Organization (FAO/WHO).The amino acids score (AAS) indicated that Val and Trp were the first and the second limited amino acids,while the chemical score (CS) revealed that Trp and Met+Cys were the first and the second limited amino acids.The essential amino acid index (EAA I) and the ratio of branched chain amino acid to aromatic amino acid (F value) were 55.52 and (2.48 ± 0.16),respectively.Four kinds delicious amino acids (DAA) accounted for (5.29 ± 0.24) ％ with the DAA/TAA was (38.40 ± 1.07) ％.Twenty-two fatty acids were detected in the muscle of the plateau fish,with relative polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content of (3.50 ± 0.12) ％,including EPA+DHA of (9.37 ± 0.10) ％ and relative essential fatty acid (EFA) content of (10.07± 0.29) ％.Therefore,T.dalaica is a delicious and high quality fish with reasonable amino acids and fatty acids composition,which has good prospects for exploitation and utilization.