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1.
本研究旨在通过比较不同饲料对黄斑篮子鱼(Siganus canaliculatus)的生长性能和肌肉营养成分的影响,为开发基于以低值海藻为原料的篮子鱼配合饲料提供依据。选用浒苔(Enteromorpha prolifra)和龙须菜(Gracilaria lemaneiformis)以及冰鲜鱼、配合饲料(自制)等4种饲料投喂黄斑篮子鱼8周。结果显示:生长效果以配合饲料组最好,海藻组最差。不同饲料对鱼体的生化成分有明显影响。配合饲料组和冰鲜鱼组全鱼的蛋白和脂肪含量明显高于海藻投喂组,而冰鲜鱼组全鱼的灰分含量明显低于其它3组。从肌肉必需氨基酸和半必需氨基酸占总氨基酸的比例来看,龙须菜组明显高于其它3组,尤以精氨酸和组氨酸的含量最为明显;配合饲料组鱼肌肉的n-3/n-6多不饱和脂肪酸含量明显高于其它各组,而浒苔组鱼肌肉中多不饱和脂肪酸的含量显著高于其它各组。以上结果说明,结合海藻和配合饲料各自在生长或肌肉营养成分上的优点,可望开发出基于此类低值海藻原料的低成本黄斑篮子鱼配合饲料。  相似文献   

2.
为探究不同来源饲料对大口黑鲈生长和肌肉品质的影响,选取投喂配合饲料、冰鲜鱼、混合饲料(配合饲料与冰鲜鱼质量比为1∶1)的大口黑鲈,对其生长状况,以及肌肉营养成分、颜色、持水力、质构特性和肌纤维特性进行分析。试验结果显示:冰鲜鱼组大口黑鲈的生长性能显著优于配合饲料组,混合饲料组介于两者之间,但配合饲料组具有更低的饵料系数;与其他组相比,冰鲜鱼组肌肉的粗脂肪含量更高(P<0.05);冰鲜鱼组肌肉的红度值(a*)最高(6.51±1.10),黄度值(b*)最低(4.81±0.69);配合饲料组离心损失率、失水率显著高于冰鲜鱼组(P<0.05),且其熟肉率仅73.15%,显著低于混合饲料组(78.04%)和冰鲜鱼组(77.81%)(P<0.05);冰鲜鱼组大口黑鲈肌肉的硬度、咀嚼性均显著高于配合饲料组和混合饲料组(P<0.05);与配合饲料组相比,冰鲜鱼组和混合饲料组大口黑鲈肌纤维直径更小、密度更高。试验结果表明,在本试验条件下,冰鲜鱼更利于大口黑鲈的生长和肌肉品质的提高,但配合饲料组的饵料系数更低,饲料利用率更高。因此,建议从冰鲜鱼的营养组成、大口黑鲈的营养需求和生理特...  相似文献   

3.
探讨了不同配合饲料和冰鲜鱼对三疣梭子蟹幼蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)生长性能、体组成及血清生理生化指标的影响。试验共分三个处理组:以红鱼粉为主要蛋白源的红鱼粉组,以白鱼粉为主要蛋白源的白鱼粉组以及冰鲜鱼组。每组20只幼蟹(初始平均体重:16.38±5.33g),单体饲养于塑料养殖筐中56d。结果表明:红鱼粉组与白鱼粉组幼蟹成活率比较高,增重率、特定生长率均显著高于冰鲜鱼组(P0.05),而饵料系数显著低于冰鲜鱼组(P0.05),红鱼粉组与白鱼粉组之间各生长指标无显著差异(P0.05);各组幼蟹体成分中的水分,粗蛋白,粗灰分含量均无显著差异(P0.05),但红鱼粉组与白鱼粉组幼蟹粗脂肪含量显著高于冰鲜鱼组(P0.05),且红鱼粉组显著高于白鱼粉组(P0.05);投喂配合饲料和冰鲜鱼对三疣梭子蟹幼蟹血清谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶活性及葡萄糖、甘油三酯含量无显著影响,但配合饲料组的碱性磷酸酶活性显著高于冰鲜鱼组,红鱼粉组的总蛋白含量显著高于冰鲜鱼组(P0.05)。综合实验结果,投喂配合饲料显著提高了三疣梭子蟹的生长性能、体粗脂肪含量与血清碱性磷酸酶活性,投喂配合饲料效果显著好于冰鲜鱼,而三疣梭子蟹对红鱼粉与白鱼粉的利用没有显著差异。  相似文献   

4.
比较研究了投喂冰鲜鱼和人工配合饲料的军曹鱼胃、前肠以及肝脏消化酶(蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶)活力.试验结果表明,(1)蛋白酶活力:前肠与肝脏的蛋白酶比活力,投喂配合饲料组显著高于冰鲜鱼组(P<0.05),而胃中的蛋白酶比活力以冰鲜鱼组显著高于配合饲料组(P<0.05);(2)胰蛋白酶活力:胃中胰蛋白酶比活力,冰鲜鱼组显著高于配合饲料组(P<0.05),前肠与肝脏的胰蛋白酶比活力配合饲料显著高于冰鲜鱼组(P<0.05);(3)淀粉酶活力:胃中的淀粉酶比活力,冰鲜鱼组显著高于配合饲料组(P <0.05),前肠的淀粉酶比活力则是配合饲料组显著高于冰鲜鱼组(P<0.05),两种饲料对军曹鱼肝脏淀粉酶比活力影响不显著(P>0.05);(4)脂肪酶活力:胃及前肠的脂肪酶比活力两种饲料间差异不显著(P>0.05),但肝脏的脂肪酶比活力则以配合饲料组显著高于冰鲜鱼组(P<0.05).  相似文献   

5.
为比较人工配合饲料和冰鲜鱼对池塘养殖大口黑鲈生长速度、鱼体生理健康的影响,以池塘养殖大口黑鲈为试验对象,在临近的2口池塘分别投喂人工配合饲料(池塘水面积9×667m~2)和冰鲜鱼(池塘水面积10×667m~2)157 d、162 d。养殖过程中,定期打样采集大口黑鲈的体长、体质量数据;试验结束时,采集血清进行血清生化指标的测定。结果表明:2种投饲对大口黑鲈的体长、体质量与养殖时间的回归方程基本一致,而体长、体质量的特定生长率则是饲料养殖的大口黑鲈略大于冰鲜鱼组的结果;冰鲜鱼养殖的大口黑鲈出现营养过剩、存在发生营养过剩性疾病(如脂肪肝)的可能性。试验结果表明:使用人工配合饲料养殖大口黑鲈是一种值得推广的池塘生产方式。  相似文献   

6.
投喂浮性膨化饲料与冰鲜鱼养殖南方大口鲇的效果对比   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
南方大口鲇(Silurus meridiondis chan,简称大口鲇)是一种经济价值较高的肉食性鱼类,在四川的简阳、双流、邛崃、西昌二滩等地养殖较多。目前主要是用冰鲜鱼来养殖,随着冰鲜鱼的数量减少,价格上涨,大口鲇的养殖成本不断增大,养殖户开始把目光投向了配合饲料。关于用配合饲料驯化、养殖大口鲶的效果已有报道,通威公司也一直致力于推广膨化饲料多年,为了更进一步直观比较冰鲜鱼与膨化饲料的效果,特于2008年6月11日~7月31日在养殖户处开展了投喂浮性膨化饲料与冰鲜鱼养殖南方大口鲇的效果试验。  相似文献   

7.
加州鲈为肉食性鱼类,多采用冰鲜鱼养殖,对周边水环境造成了负面影响。为满足"渔业转型促治水"的要求,特开展加州鲈全程饲料养殖技术研究。2017年加州鲈鱼养殖中全程配合饲料养殖的平均利润为6850元/亩;配合饲料和冰鲜鱼混用养殖的平均利润为5847元/亩;冰鲜鱼全程养殖的平均利润为5544元/亩,可见全程饲料养殖较冰鲜鱼养殖具有优势。  相似文献   

8.
<正>杂交鳢"杭鳢1号"是由浙江雄性乌鳢和广东雌性斑鳢杂交得到的乌鳢新品种,具有早期生长速度快、成活率高、抗病力强、可全程采用人工配合饲料喂养等优点,可有效改善乌鳢养殖投喂冰鲜鱼造成的浪费及水质恶化、病害频发等问题,但是,目前养殖  相似文献   

9.
正在广东养殖的乌鳢是斑鳢与乌鳢杂交的子一代,可以全程摄食膨化配合饲料。华中、华东乌鳢主要为当地水域土著品种,因以摄食冰鲜鱼为主,养殖水体富营养化严重,水色浓绿,换水频繁,对周围水域污染大。近两年,鸭肝、鸡肝等供应量加大,加之冰鲜鱼价格上扬,养殖户纷纷转用鸭肝。目前,乌鳢全程使用膨化配合饲料养殖还存在一些技术难点,市场上一直存在全程用饲料养殖会导致畸形率较高和鱼体规格偏小的问题。本次实验分析比较了分别投喂冰鲜  相似文献   

10.
杂交鳢和乌鳢池塘养殖对比试验   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
对杂交鳢和乌鳢进行池塘养殖对比试验.前者投喂人工饲料,后者投喂冰鲜鱼,结合水质调控和病害防治等技术,杂交鳢成活率80.9%,乌鳢53.9%;杂交鳢平均单产为5.2 kg/m~2,饵料系数1.367;乌鳢1.8 kg/m~2,饵料系数4.29.整个养殖过程杂交鳢塘换水2次,乌鳢塘换水6次.  相似文献   

11.
Maximum limits of organic and inorganic mercury in fish feed   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
The relatively high levels of mercury found in fish feeds might form a fish health and food safety risk. The present study aims to establish sublethal toxic threshold levels in fish and assess feed‐fillet transfer of dietary mercury. Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) parr were fed for 4 months on fish meal‐based diets supplemented with mercuric chloride (0, 0.1, 1, 10 or 100 mg Hg kg?1 dry weight (DW)) or methylmercuric chloride (0, 0.1, 0.5, 5 or 10 mg MeHg kg?1 DW). At the end of the experiment, dietary inorganic mercury mainly accumulated in intestine (80% of body burden) and assimilation was low (6%). In contrast, methylmercury readily accumulated in internal organs and muscle (80% of body burden) and had a relatively high assimilation (23%). Highest accumulation of dietary inorganic mercury was observed in the gut and kidney. Fish fed 10 mg Hg kg?1 had an early (after 2 months) significant increase in renal metallothionein (MT) level and intestinal cell proliferation, followed by intestinal pathological conditions after 4 months of exposure. At 100 mg Hg kg?1, intestinal and renal function were reduced as seen from the significantly reduced protein and glycogen digestibility and increased plasma creatinine levels. For dietary methylmercury (MeHg), highest accumulation was found in blood and muscle. Intestinal cell proliferation and liver MT significantly increased at 5 mg MeHg kg?1 after 2 months of exposure. At the end of the experiment, blood haematology was significantly affected in fish fed 5 mg MeHg kg?1 and these fish exceeded the current food safety limit for mercury. Tissue MT induction and intestinal cell proliferation appeared to be useful and quantifiable early indicators of toxic mercury exposures. Based on the absence of induction of these early biological markers such as MT and cell proliferation, nonobserved effect levels (NOELs) could be set to 0.5 mg Hg kg?1 for dietary methylmercury and 1 mg Hg kg?1 for inorganic mercury. Lowest observed effect levels (LOELs) levels could be set to 5 mg kg?1 for methylmercury and 10 mg Hg kg?1 for inorganic mercury.  相似文献   

12.
The concentrations of mercury (Hg) and methyl mercury (MeHg) in sediment and tissues of Barbus grypus and Barbus esocinus fish species from Musa estuary, north part of the Persian Gulf, were measured. The order of Hg and MeHg concentrations in the sediment and tissues of the fish species was as follows: liver > gill > muscle > sediment. In the tissues of two fish species, the Hg and MeHg concentrations were highest in liver whereas lowest in the muscle. In the sediment, mean concentrations of Hg and MeHg were 0.83 and 0.437 µg g?1. Mean concentrations of Hg and MeHg in B. grypus were 1.2–0.624 µg g?1 and in all tissues of B. esocinus were 0.75 and 0.421 µg g?1. Significant correlation between heavy metal concentration in sediment and fish may be related to high variability of heavy metal in the sediment.  相似文献   

13.
The aim of the present study was to investigate concentrations of total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHG) in the common carp from Czech ponds of Rožmberk, Spolsky, Nezmar, and Velky Bědny. Seven common carps (Cyprinus caprio) from each of the ponds were caught. Muscle tissue, the liver, and the soft and hard roe were used for the tests. Total mercury and methylmercury were found in all the muscle tissue samples examined. Detection limits for total mercury and methylmercury determination methods were 0.001 mg kg–1 and 0.013 mg kg−1 respectively. Methylmercury levels in the liver and gonads were below the method’s limits of detection. THg and MeHg concentrations in muscle tissues were 0.018–0.063 mg kg–1 w.w. and 0.019–0.063 mg kg–1 w.w. respectively. MeHg made up 90–100% of THg in muscle tissues. Total mercury and methylmercury concentrations were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in fish from the Spolsky pond than from the Nezmar pond. MeHg/THg ratios were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in fish from the Rožmberk, Spolsky and Nezmar ponds compared with fish from the Velky Bědny pond.  相似文献   

14.
汞(尤其是甲基汞)易在鱼体内富集,进而危害人类健康。为了解珠三角地区淡水鱼类的甲基汞积累现状,本研究对该区域内常见的养殖和野生鱼类进行了采样和甲基汞测定,并探讨了影响鱼类甲基汞积累差异的原因。结果发现,珠三角地区鱼类甲基汞含量总体较低,均未超过我国水产品食用安全标准,其中养殖鱼类肌肉甲基汞含量为0.26-331 ng g-1 dw,平均含量为62 ng g-1 dw;野生鱼类肌肉甲基汞含量为0.71-1 006 ng g-1 dw,平均含量为111 ng g-1 dw,养殖鱼类甲基汞含量显著低于野生鱼类。鱼类甲基汞累积主要受食物组成及食物甲基汞浓度影响,饲料甲基汞含量是决定养殖鱼类甲基汞水平的关键性因素。食用该地区鱼肉的甲基汞摄入水平总体较低,其中食用野生鱼类的甲基汞摄入水平较养殖鱼类高,食用野生鳜(Siniperca chuatsi))存在甲基汞暴露风险。  相似文献   

15.
以栉孔扇贝Chlamys farreri为研究对象,暴露于不同浓度HgCl2溶液35d后,转入自然海水中净化30d,检测不同时间点栉孔扇贝全组织中总汞与甲基汞含量,研究二者在栉孔扇贝组织中积累与净化情况.实验采用Kahle的双箱模型,数据处理采用两组不同动力学参数的双曲线毒性动力学模型.拟合发现,总汞和甲基汞在栉孔扇贝组织内的积累与净化规律符合双箱动力学模型;浓度低于2μg/L的汞溶液对栉孔扇贝的慢性毒性较小;各实验组暴露35d后栉孔扇贝组织中的总汞含量达到最高,暴露浓度与扇贝组织内的总汞积累量呈正比例关系.总汞在栉孔扇贝组织内的富集高峰出现在第35天,与理论点一致,而甲基汞富集高峰出现在40d后,有延迟现象;对比总汞和甲基汞在栉孔扇贝组织内的积累与净化动力学参数发现,总汞在栉孔扇贝组织内的积累因子(BCF)总体上大于甲基汞在栉孔扇贝组织内的BCF;汞与甲基汞在扇贝组织内的BCF和生物学半衰期(B1/2)与暴露液浓度均呈正相关关系;海水环境中总汞浓度低于0.064 8μg/L时,对栉孔扇贝的食品安全性无影响(以甲基汞为限量).  相似文献   

16.
An 8‐week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the synergistic effects of dietary vitamin E and selenomethionine (SeMet) on induced methylmercury (MeHg) toxicity in juvenile olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Nine semi‐purified diets were formulated to contain three different vitamin E levels as DL‐α‐tocopheryl acetate (0, 100 and 200 mg TAkg?1 diet) and three different selenium (Se) levels (0, 2 and 4 SeMet mg kg?1 diet) on the constant mercury toxicity level (20 mg MeHgkg?1 diet). Nine experimental diets, in a 32 factorial design (E0Se0, E0Se2, E0Se4, E100Se0, E100Se2, E100Se4, E200Se0, E200Se2 and E200Se4), were fed to triplicate groups of fish averaging 2.3 ± 0.04 g (mean ± SD) in the semi‐recirculation system. After 8 weeks of feeding trial, vitamin E and Se showed significant effects on weight gain (WG) of fish (P < 0.05). We found that there was a clear trend of increasing WG with elevating vitamin E and Se levels in the diets. Feed efficiency (FE), specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and survivability exhibited a similar trend with WG. Both antioxidants had significant interaction effects on FE and PER (P < 0.05). Methylmercury concentrations in fish muscle, liver and kidney decreases in a dose‐dependent manner as dietary vitamin E and Se levels increase. Interestingly, the most significant interactive effects of vitamin E and Se were found in liver tissue for depleting Hg concentrations (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that dietary vitamin E more than 100 mg TA kg?1 diet with 2 or 4 mg SeMet kg?1‐supplemented diets could have synergistic effects on growth and liver mercury bioaccumulation on MeHg‐induced toxicity in juvenile olive flounder.  相似文献   

17.
郑迪  王倩  王磊  施兆鸿  彭士明 《海洋渔业》2021,43(2):201-208
为研究肠道气泡堆积对银鲳(Pampus argenteus)组织抗氧化能力及溶菌酶活力的影响,采集了15尾肠道气泡堆积的银鲳为病鱼组,15尾健康银鲳为对照组,分别采集各组样品的肝脏、肾脏、肌肉和鳃组织,并对这4种组织的超氧化物歧化酶活力、过氧化氢酶活力、丙二醛含量、总抗氧化能力以及两种组织(鳃和肾脏)溶菌酶活力进行测定和比较。结果显示,相比对照组,病鱼组肝脏、鳃和肾脏的总抗氧化能力都有下降,其中肝脏和肾脏显著下降(P<0.05);而肌肉中总抗氧化能力病鱼组显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。对照组肝脏和肌肉的超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活力显著高于病鱼组(P<0.05);丙二醛含量对照组肝脏和肌肉中显著低于病鱼组(P<0.05),但鳃和肾脏显著高于病鱼组(P<0.05);溶菌酶活力病鱼组鳃显著高于对照组(P<0.05),但肾脏与对照组间无显著性差异。结果表明,肠道气泡堆积对银鲳组织抗氧化能力及其溶菌酶活力影响较大,导致肝脏与肌肉中的超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶活力显著降低,鳃溶菌酶活力显著升高。  相似文献   

18.
盐度对点篮子鱼的存活、生长及抗氧化防御系统的影响   总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4  
在容积为500 L的圆锥形塑料缸中分别用对照(自然海水)、配制的盐度为20、10、5的海水和淡水(地下水)养殖点篮子鱼[(67.76?26.12) g],研究了不同盐度对点篮子鱼存活、生长和抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果显示,淡水组第9天出现死亡,至第27天时死亡率达100%,其余各组未出现异常,死亡率为0%。各盐度组鱼的特定生长率未表现出显著性差异,但盐度10组鱼体重显著高于盐度20和盐度5组,与对照组无显著性差异;盐度5组全长显著低于其余各盐度组。驯化40 d后,对各组鱼鳃、肝脏、肾脏和肌肉中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗超氧阴离子自由基、羟自由基活性检测结果显示,除盐度5组外,盐度10、20组点篮子鱼鳃、肝脏、肾脏、肌肉中SOD、CAT、抗超氧阴离子自由基和羟自由基活性在驯化40 d后均恢复到对照组水平,组间无显著性差异;盐度5组中鱼鳃的SOD和抗超氧阴离子自由基活性显著高于盐度10和盐度20组,肝脏、肌肉和肾脏中SOD、CAT、抗超氧阴离子自由基和羟自由基活性均恢复到对照组水平。点篮子鱼不同组织中SOD和CAT酶活力在不同盐度下均以肝脏中最高,肾脏和鳃次之,肌肉中最低;抗超氧阴离子自由基活力以肝脏中最高,极显著高于其余各组织中抗超氧阴离子自由基活力(P<0.01),肌肉次之,肾脏和鳃最低;羟自由基活力以肾脏中最高,显著高于其余各组织中羟自由基活力(P<0.05);鳃次之,肝脏和肌肉中最低,结果表明盐度能影响抗氧化酶活力大小,但并未影响鱼体内酶的分布。  相似文献   

19.
The acute effect of carbofuran, a carbamate insecticide, was studied on adenosine triphosphatase enzymes in gill, kidney, liver and muscle tissues of a food fish, Clarias batrachus. Glycogen and glycogen phosphorylase were investigated in gill and kidney only. Thirty-six fish were exposed to sublethal concentration (7.6 mg/L) for 6 days. After 6 days, 18 fish were released into freshwater in order to study the recovery response. Eighteen fish were kept in clean water as control. Tissues were isolated from control, exposed and recovery fish at the end of 1, 3 and 6 days and used for the assay of enzymes. Total ATPase was inhibited in kidney and muscle tissues throughout the exposure period, whereas branchial and hepatic tissues showed initial induction followed by inhibition. Na+-K+ ATPase activity was induced in gill till day 3, whereas in other tissues inhibition was throughout the exposure period. Mg+2 ATPase activity was inhibited in all tissues except liver. When the fish were released into freshwater, liver recovered almost to control values and other tissues showed organ-specific response. Glycogen content of gill increased initially followed by decrease, and in kidney initial decrease was noted. The recovery response was more in kidney than in gill. Induction in the activity of glycogen phosphorylases was observed in kidney, whereas gill tissue showed mixed response. Recovery was not observed in phosphorylases. Thus, the results of the present study demonstrated the acute effect of carbofuran on a food fish and organ-specific recovery response to insecticidal treatment.  相似文献   

20.
Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic environmental pollutant with a long biological half‐life and can produce both hepatic and renal injuries in mammals and fish. Squid viscera meal (SVM), an effective attractant for aquatic animals, is widely used as an ingredient in aquafeeds. However, SVM is rich in Cd and its complexes. A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary SVM on the growth and Cd deposition in tissues of Japanese seabass, Lateolabrax japonicus. Three practical diets were formulated to contain 0, 50 and 100 g SVM kg?1 diet, respectively, containing 0.21, 7.26 and 12.08 mg Cd kg?1 diet. Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of 80 Japanese seabass (mean initial weight, 10.89±0.21 g) in floating sea cages (1.5 × 1.5 × 2.0 m). Fish were fed twice daily (06:30 and 16:30 hours) to satiation for 8 weeks. The results showed that there were no significant differences in fish survival among three dietary treatments, but significant higher specific growth rates (SGR) were observed in the fish fed diets with 50 or 100 g SVM kg?1 diet than that from the control group (P<0.05). The Cd concentrations in the kidney, liver and gill were found in a decreasing order at each treatment, and positively correlated with dietary Cd levels. Fish fed diets with 50 and 100 g SVM kg?1 diet had significantly higher Cd accumulations in the kidney (3.25, 5.85 mg kg?1), liver (0.76, 1.26 mg kg?1) and gill (0.42, 0.58 mg kg?1) compared with the control group (0.82, 0.34 and 0.32 mg kg?1 respectively) (P<0.05). The Cd concentration in fish muscle; however, was undetectable in any treatment. Therefore, based on these results, accumulation of Cd in edible tissue (muscle) of farmed Japanese seabass is not a food safety issue. However, long‐term feeding of diets with SVM may result in accumulation of Cd in the kidneys, liver and gills of fish.  相似文献   

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