杂交鳢F2代与青虾轮养模式和技术研究

杂交鳢＂杭鳢1号＂（以下简称＂杂交鳢＂）是乌鳢♂和斑鳢♀杂交获得的F1代,笔者单位选育的该品种2009年通过全国水产原良种委员会审定（GS-02-003-2009）,该品种养殖可全程采用人工饲料投喂,更兼有生长速度快、养殖周期短、产量高、饵料系数低、病害少、效益高等优点。杂交鳢的养殖有效解决了传统乌鳢投喂冰鲜鱼模式造成的水源污染及产品质量安全问题。     

水库网箱养殖乌鳢试验

通过投喂新鲜、适口饵料鱼,采用二级网箱养殖,连续两年网箱养殖乌鳢成鱼产量14.3～49.2kg/m~2,起水规格634～1032g/尾,饵料系数4.2～3.5,增重倍数8.0～6.2,利润3.97～9.53元/kg鱼,投入产出比为1:1.25～1:1.91。     

膨化饲料与冰鲜饲料交替投喂对杂交鳢生长影响试验

<正>杂交鳢"杭鳢1号"是由浙江雄性乌鳢和广东雌性斑鳢杂交得到的乌鳢新品种,具有早期生长速度快、成活率高、抗病力强、可全程采用人工配合饲料喂养等优点,可有效改善乌鳢养殖投喂冰鲜鱼造成的浪费及水质恶化、病害频发等问题,但是,目前养殖     

池塘养殖杂交鳢高效试验

杂交鳢(图见彩中插2),是以乌鳢为父本,斑鳢为母本,通过杂交获得的子一代,与其父、母本相比,杂交鳢具有生长速度快,成活率高,易驯食人工配合饲料等优点。近年来,杂交鳢养殖势头发展迅猛,特别在珠三角地区,已取代乌鳢、斑鳢成为鳢科鱼类主养品种。本文主要是针对杭州目前乌鳢养殖存在的投喂冰鲜鱼饲料、面源污染严重、病害频发等的现状,改革乌鳢的养殖模式,2007年进行了杂交鳢池塘养殖试验,为广大养殖从业者提供参考。     

利用篮子鱼控制池塘丝藻养殖刺参技术试验

为了解在刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)养殖池塘中放养篮子鱼(Siganus guttatus),利用其摄食丝藻(Ulothrix spp.),达到控制池塘中丝藻数量的效果,利用3个池塘进行刺参养殖对照试验,刺参放养密度均为600 kg/hm~2,其中:1~#塘放养篮子鱼3 000尾/hm~2,规格40 g/尾,不投喂刺参饵料;2~#塘不投放蓝子鱼、投喂海参专用饵料;3~#塘不投放蓝子鱼、不投喂海参专用饵料。经180 d试验,1~#塘刺参产量2 340 kg/hm~2,分别比2~#、3~#塘增产457.5和825 kg/hm~2;增加篮子鱼净产量105 kg/hm~2;塘中丝藻重量分别比2~#、3~#塘单位面积减少75.9%和75%;1~#塘经济效益33.1万元,与2~#、3~#塘相比分别增加了12.6万元和18.9万元,降低了打捞丝藻的人工成本,提升了刺参养殖产量、效益和品质。     

杂交鳢的池塘高效养殖技术

杂交鳢具有生长速度快、成活率高、野性小、易驯食人工配合饵料等优点,2009年进行了杂交鳢的池塘高效养殖试验。两口共0.47 hm2鱼塘,共投放规格为6 000尾/kg的苗种50 kg,经过6个月的养殖后,杂交鳢渔获量为48 555 kg,销售收入59.78万元;成本包括饵料46 020 kg、冰鲜鱼1 000 kg等,共计45.32万元,纯利润14.46万元,平均利润30.76万元/hm2,饵料系数为1.03。结果表明,杂交鳢养殖具有巨大的市场潜力。     

杂交鳢工厂化高密度养殖试验

正杂交鳢是由斑鳢(雌)与乌鳢(雄)进行杂交获得的子一代,杂交鳢克服了传统乌鳢养殖投喂冰鲜小杂鱼为主,驯食人工配合饲料难度大的问题,以及斑鳢生长速度较慢且不耐低温,养殖区域受到限制的缺点~([1])。近年来,杂交鳢在珠江三角洲、长江三角洲地区的养殖规模逐步扩大,成为重要的养殖品种之一~([2])。2015年江苏省溧阳市金泉生态有限公司进行了杂交鳢高密度工厂化养殖试验,取得了令人     

利用烤烟温棚漂浮育苗池养殖罗非鱼试验

对烤烟温棚漂浮育苗池进行适当改造,利用其空闲时间进行养殖单性罗非鱼试验.水温控制在25～30℃,投喂全价饲料,养殖81 d,饵料系数1.17～1.64,在无增氧和换水条件下,最大载鱼量3.55 kg/m3,净产量2.51 kg/m3.     

杂交鳢池塘生态混养技术

为提高杂交鳢的养殖产量和效益。在杂交鳢养殖塘中混养了规格50g的鲫鱼6 000尾/hm~2和规格70g的鳙鱼600尾/hm~2,水面种植少量水葫芦,经过8个多月的养殖,4口鱼塘杂交鳢成活率均在76%以上,平均单产61 140kg/hm~2最高64 695kg/hm~2。结果表明,杂交鳢池塘生态混养技术可以获得理想的产量。     

三种不同饲料投喂乌鳢的效果对比分析

正在广东养殖的乌鳢是斑鳢与乌鳢杂交的子一代,可以全程摄食膨化配合饲料。华中、华东乌鳢主要为当地水域土著品种,因以摄食冰鲜鱼为主,养殖水体富营养化严重,水色浓绿,换水频繁,对周围水域污染大。近两年,鸭肝、鸡肝等供应量加大,加之冰鲜鱼价格上扬,养殖户纷纷转用鸭肝。目前,乌鳢全程使用膨化配合饲料养殖还存在一些技术难点,市场上一直存在全程用饲料养殖会导致畸形率较高和鱼体规格偏小的问题。本次实验分析比较了分别投喂冰鲜     

凡纳滨对虾地膜光伏集约工程化养殖试验

为研究地膜光伏工程化养殖模式的实用性,在地膜光伏工程化养殖系统中开展凡纳滨对虾养殖试验。地膜光伏工程化养殖系统由对虾养殖系统和光伏发电系统组成。取3口池塘进行凡纳滨对虾高密度养殖试验,放养密度为500尾/m^2,养殖试验周期100 d。凡纳滨对虾平均体长达到(9.77±0.11)cm,平均体质量(10.80±0.82)g。1号池塘产量为4.25 kg/m^2,存活率为78.71%,饲料系数为1.22;2号池塘养殖产量为4.42 kg/m^2,存活率为81.85%,饲料系数为1.18;3号池塘产量为4.07 kg/m^2,存活率为75.37%,饲料系数为1.25。养殖期间8:00水温范围为22.5~31.0℃;15:00水温范围为22.5~32.0℃,日气温差最大为11.0℃,日水温差最大为2.5℃。养殖期间pH稳定在7.00~8.34。养殖期间亚硝酸盐氮(NO-2-N)0~8.47 mg/L,总氨氮(TAN)0~7.83 mg/L。地膜光伏工程化养殖模式养殖凡纳滨对虾,实现了对虾养殖和光伏发电的双重收益,具有较大的实用价值,是一种值得推广的养殖模式。     

Effects of Dietary Protein and Feeding Rate on Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus Production, Composition of Gain, Processing Yield, and Water Quality

A 2 ± 4 factorial experiment was conducted to examine effects of dietary protein level (28, 32, 36, and 40%) and feeding rate (satiation or ± 90 kg/ha per d) on production characteristics, processing yield, body composition, and water quality for pond-raised channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. Fingerling channel catfish with a mean weight of 64 g/fish were stocked into 40 0.04-ha ponds at a rate of 17,290 fish/ha. Fish were fed once daily to apparent satiation or at a rate of ± 90 kg/ha per d for 134 d during the growing season. Dietary protein concentration had no effect on feed consumption, weight gain, feed conversion, survival, aeration time, or on fillet moisture, protein, and fat levels. Fish fed to satiation consumed more feed, gained more weight, had a higher feed conversion, and required more aeration time than fish fed a restricted ration. Visceral fat decreased, and fillet yield increased as dietary protein concentration increased to 36%. Carcass yield was lower for fish fed a diet containing 28% protein. Increasing feeding rate increased visceral fat but had no major effect on carcass, fillet, and nugget yields. Fish fed to satiation contained less moisture and more fat in the fillets that those fed a restricted ration. Nitrogenous waste compounds were generally higher where the fish were fed the higher protein diets. Although there was a significant interaction in pond water chemical oxygen demand between dietary protein and feeding rate, generally ponds in the satiation feeding group had higher chemical oxygen demand than ponds in the restricted feeding group. There was a trend that pond water total phosphorus levels were slightly elevated in the satiation feeding group compared to the restricted feeding group. However, pond water soluble reactive phosphorus and chlorophyll-a were not affected by either diet or feeding rate. Results from the present study indicate that a 28% protein diet provides the same level of channel catfish production as a 40% protein diet even when diet is restricted to 90 kg/ha per d. Although there was an increase in nitrogenous wastes in ponds where fish were fed high protein diets, there was little effect on fish production. The long term effects of using high protein diets on water quality are still unclear. Feeding to less than satiety may be beneficial in improving feed efficiency and water quality.     

Costs and Risk of Catfish Split‐pond Systems

Split ponds are recently developed pond‐based aquaculture systems that allow intensification of catfish aquaculture. Successful industry‐wide adoption of newly developing technologies like split‐pond systems will depend upon their productivity and cost efficiencies. Costs and production performance of the following three split‐pond design scenarios were monitored in Arkansas and Mississippi: (1) research design developed at the Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Stoneville, Mississippi; (2) waterwheel design tested on commercial catfish ponds; and (3) screw‐pump design tested on commercial catfish ponds. An economic engineering approach using standard enterprise budget analysis was used to develop estimates of breakeven prices (BEPs) ($/kg) for producing foodsize hybrid catfish (♂Ictalurus furcatus × ♀Ictalurus punctatus) for each scenario. Estimates of BEPs of hybrid catfish raised in split ponds ranged from $1.72 to $2.05/kg. The cost of catfish production in split ponds was sensitive to yield, fish prices, and feed prices. Annual net cash flows from both commercial split‐pond systems were high and sufficient to make the investment profitable in the long run. Feed price, feed conversion ratio, and yield contributed the most to downside risk of split ponds.     

建鲤夏花当年育成商品鱼的试验

将建鲤夏花放在池塘内进行集约化养成，给人工驯养养并投喂全价颗粒配合饲料，１７８天后尾均重由０．９ｇ增长到５７０ｇ，增重数６３３．３，成活率７９．６％，单产１１４０ｋｇ／１００ｍ＾２，蛋白利用率为２７．５％，饲料系数１．４６投入与产出比为１：２．４２。     

闽西北山区红螯螯虾池塘健康养殖试验

2010年在闽西北山区进行红螯螯虾池塘健康养殖生产试验,经过5个月的养殖,结果8口池塘共产红螯螯虾19095kg,平均单产达0.57kg/m2,养殖成活率64.2%,饲料系数1.31,投入产出比1∶1.69。试验结果表明,池塘养殖红螯螯虾前景广阔。     

室内集约化养虾池以低频率运转水处理系统调控水质效果及氮磷收支

采用低频率运转循环水处理系统(含粗滤器、臭氧仪、气液混合器,蛋白分离器、暗沉淀池等)联用池内设施(微泡曝气增氧机与净水网)开展凡纳滨对虾室内集约化养殖实验。研究了养虾池以水处理系统调控水质效果及氮磷收支。结果表明,养虾水经系统处理后,NO₂-N(53.4%～64.5%)、COD_Mn(53.4%～94.4%)与TAN(31.6%～40.4%)被显著去除,有效改进虾池水质;养殖周期内未换水与用药,虾池主要水化指标均控制在对虾生长安全范围,7号实验池(100 d)与8号对照池(80 d)主要水化指标变化范围:DO分别为 5.07～6.70 mg/L和4.38～6.94 mg/L,TAN 0.248～0.561 mg/L和0.301～0.794 mg/L,NO₂-N 0.019～0.311 mg/L和0.012～0.210 mg/L,COD_Mn 10.88～21.22 mg/L和11.65～23.34 mg/L。7号池对虾生长指数优于8号池(80 d虾病暴发终止),单位水体产量分别为1.398 kg/m²与0.803 kg/m²。氮磷收支估算结果:7号与8号池饲料氮磷分别占总收入:氮93.70%与92.37%,磷98.77%与99.09%;初始水层与虾苗含氮共占总收入6.30%与7.63%,磷共占1.23%与0.91%。总水层(含排污水)氮磷分别占总输出:氮56.45%与59.86%,磷53.26%与55.79%;收获虾体氮磷分别占总输出:氮37.07%与31.94%,磷21.37%与13.11%。7号池饲料转化率较高;池水渗漏与吸附等共损失氮磷分别占总输出:氮7.00%与9.34%,磷25.37%与31.10%。实验结果表明,虾池以低频率运转循环水处理系统联用池内设施可有效控制水质与虾病,具较高饲料转化率。     

The effect of different daily feed rations on the growth, condition, survival and feed conversion of juvenile pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) reared with dry feed in net cages

Pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) fingerlings, trained on dry feed, were kept in pond cages and fed with 2, 4 or 6% of their actual body weight in dry feed. The effect of the daily ration and the temperature of the pond water on the growth, survival, condition factor and feed conversion were observed in an 8-week experiment. The appropriate daily ration at 17–18°C was 2%, while at 24–25°C the 4% ration seemed to be advisable for the practice. The two higher rations led to significantly higher final body weights than the lowest feeding ration. There were no significant differences between the final condition factors or the survivals of the groups. The best feed conversion (FCR) was achieved at the 2% daily ration group and the worst at the 6% group in each week of the experiment.     

黑鮶控光育苗技术研究

利用体重1～4kg的怀仔黑亲鱼56尾，完全人工控制弱光，长流水、自然水温培育，共产仔272万尾。布池后，根据不同日龄投喂轮虫、卤虫无节幼体、配饵和糠虾，控制光照，调节水质，防病治病，及时疏稀，420m~3水体育出平均全长28.8mm的黑苗77.6万尾，总成活率30％。认为，全人工控制光源蓄养亲鱼，溢水法布池，夜间开灯少量投饵，效果较好。     

The Effect of Vertical Netting and Water Circulation Pattern on Growth and Survival of Penaeus vannamel Postlarvae in an Intensive Raceway System

The growth and survival of Penaeus vannamel postlarvae (PL) were assessed in raceways with different levels of vertical netting and water circulation. Six polyethylene-lined raceways (bottom area 68.4 m²) were stocked with 3,100-1,300 PL/m². Four raceways contained vertical netting-two with 114 m² and two with 1090 m². Aeration was provided from a single air diffuser (26 m long) placed longitudinally at the midline on the bottom. Aeration in raceways without netting (circulated raceways) was provided by four 3-m-long air diffusers and a series of airlift pumps positioned to creat a counterclockwise current around a vertical center wall Differences in survival, final mean weight, harvested biomass, and feed conversion ratio values among treatments were not statistically significant. Pl survival after five weeks in raceways with nettting was 79.8%, compared to 94.8% in the circulated raceways. The average final weight, feed conversion ratio, and yield for the netted raceways were 0.63g, 1.08, and 1.56kg/m², respectively. The corresponding values for the circulated raceways were 0.53g, 1.00, and 1.66kg/m², respectively. Increased surface area provided by vertical netting had no effect upon growth, survival, harvested biomass, and feed conversion ratio of the shrimp. Waste removal was more efficient and less labor intensive in the two raceways with active water circulation.     

美洲鲥当年鱼种池塘大棚越冬养殖试验

于2017—2019年采用在池塘上方搭建简易保温大棚的方式开展了美洲鲥当年鱼种越冬养殖试验,研究探讨了越冬养殖相关的技术参数。结果显示:搭建保温大棚后,冬季池塘水温可保持在10℃以上,在美洲鲥当年鱼种(0+龄鱼种,平均体长12.45~16.65 cm,平均体质量27.29~66.41 g)放养密度为1518~2970尾/亩(15亩=1 hm^2,下同)和81.04~100.78 kg/亩的条件下,在越冬前中期(12月至次年3月中旬),日投饲量在0.8~1.6 kg/亩,越冬后期(次年3月中旬至4月上中旬),日投饲量也由2.0 kg/亩左右迅速增加到4.0~5.0 kg/亩。经过125~130 d的越冬养殖,鱼种平均体长达17.48~21.19 cm,增长28.04%~40.40%,平均体质量77.57~137.96 g/尾,增加了106.53%~184.24%,鱼种的体长和体质量特定生长率分别为(0.193~0.261)%/d和(0.585~0.804)%/d,日均增长量和日增重分别为0.036~0.039 cm/d和0.387~0.572 g/d;收获时美洲鲥鱼的肥满度为1.42~1.43 g/cm3,养殖成活率为89.29%~94.81%,饲料系数为1.50~1.65,亩产量为198.50~205.68 kg。试验结果表明,在江浙地区,养殖池塘上方搭建保温大棚后,冬季池塘水温(10~20℃)在美洲鲥当年鱼种的适宜水温范围,能获得较理想的越冬养殖效果。