鱼种池套养红螯螯虾试验

红螯螯虾具有适应性强、生长快、个体大、产量高、出肉率多等优点,市场前景十分广阔。为摸索红螯螯虾在长江流域养殖的生长习性,我场于1997年5月至12月在鱼种池内进行小面积、低密度套养红螯螯虾试验,现将试验情况报告如下：一、材料与方法1.试验池塘选择本场进排水方便的三     

红螯螯虾池塘生态主养试验

利用0.53 hm^2池塘试养红螯螯虾,放养体长1.5 cm红螯螯虾虾苗2万尾,收获红螯螯虾975 kg,另外收获河蟹175 kg、青虾36 kg、鲫鱼190 kg,总利润68420元。饲料系数为0.72,红螯螯虾成活率为65%。结果认为:红螯螯虾可单养,亦可与河蟹、青虾等混养;水草覆盖率80%是适宜的。     

河蟹套养红螯螯虾养殖试验

2021年在上海浦东新场镇某合作社开展河蟹套养红螯螯虾生态养殖试验,在河蟹基本放养模式基础上套养一定量的红螯螯虾能够提高饵料利用效率与单位池塘的产出,最终提高经济效益,具有一定的推广价值.     

红螯螯虾池塘养成技术

红螯螯虾适应性强,个体大,生长快,肉质鲜美,养殖技术简单,经济价值较高,具有显著的养殖优势。济南市水产站近年通过对该虾的引进试养,已较全面地掌握其生物学特性和人工养殖技术。经过示范推广,取得显著的社会效益和经济效益。养殖该虾一般可亩产100～200kg,最高可达402kg,每千克销价为40～60元。现将其生物学特性及池塘养成技术介绍如下:     

红螯螯虾池塘养殖试验初报

在0．5亩池塘中投放1．5～2．Ocm的红螯螯虾2000只，自7月11日至11月6日，经118天饲养，养成平均体重30g的中虾1271只，计31．8kg，成活率63．5％，收获套养鱼20kg。分析了红螯螯虾养殖可套养的鱼类，以黄豆为主要饲料饲养的可行性，以及对本地自然环境条件的适应情况。     

澳洲红螯螯虾池塘养殖试验

红螯螯虾又名澳洲淡水龙虾，原产于大洋洲，其外形似海水中的龙虾，雄性成虾2螯足的前端有一鲜红的膜质斑块，故称红螯螯虾。该虾生存水温为5～42℃．水温20℃以下基本不生长，常见个体50～150g。为摸索红螯螯虾的生长规律，我们于2003年在吴兴区东林镇东明村进行了池塘主养澳洲红螯螯虾试验。现将试验情况总结如下。     

中华绒螯蟹和红螯螯虾生态混养试验

中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis),又称河蟹,是我国重要的淡水经济蟹类。全国河蟹养殖遍及全国三十个省(自治区、直辖市),养殖面积达666666.6 hm2左右。河蟹在全国平均每667 m²产量约77 kg,江苏地区2019年平均每667 m2产量达100 kg。2020年出现长时间的阴雨天气,江苏地区河蟹平均每667 m²产量在75 kg以下,较多养殖户产量仅有30~50 kg。这种产量养殖户很难收回成本,更难赚钱。河蟹产量低,养殖周期长,池塘空间利用率低。红螯螯虾(Cherax quadricarinatus),又称为澳洲淡水龙虾、澳洲淡水小青龙等,是澳大利亚东北部虾种。澳洲淡水龙虾个体大,生长速度快,养殖3至4个月能长到100 g以上,最大个体能长到500 g左右,是普通小龙虾的4~5倍。2018—2020年江苏农牧科技职业学院在江苏现代畜牧科技园水产实训中心开展了中华绒螯蟹和红螯螯虾生态混养试验,养殖效果较好,具有一定的推广前景,现将试验情况介绍如下,供业者参考。     

澳大利亚红螯螯虾养殖发展趋势初析

澳大利亚红螯螯虾养殖发展趋势初析红螯螯虾，它是目前世界上淡水螯虾中最优良的品种。最近几年在它的原产地澳大利亚得到迅速发展。８６年澳还成立研究所，对螯虾所属品种进行系统研究，目前已筛选出较为理想的三个养殖品种即：红螯螯虾、马朗虾、亚比。其中以红螯螯虾最...     

崇明清水蟹与澳洲红螯螯虾高效生态混养技术

为抵御单一养殖崇明清水蟹带来的风险,开展了崇明清水蟹与澳洲红螯螯虾高效生态混养试验。以2020年上海崇东水产养殖专业合作社的混养试验为例,养殖池塘面积1 hm~2,蟹种放养量12 000只,产量1 125 kg,澳洲红螯螯虾放养量15 000尾,产量450 kg,总产值31.5万元,利润20.1万元。结果表明,采用崇明清水蟹与澳洲红螯螯虾高效生态混养模式,不会影响清水蟹的产量,且单位面积利润比单养模式提高了34%,因此是1种生态效益和经济效益兼顾的养殖模式。     

克氏原螯虾池塘规模化苗种生产试验

克氏原螯虾项目组在江苏盱眙县明祖陵镇锡丰龙虾养殖有限公司进行了克氏原螯虾池塘规模化苗种生产试验,试验池面积共130×667m2,为已养殖克氏原螯虾3年的池塘,秋季减小捕捞强度,留足亲本,同时向池中补充平均规格35g/尾野生亲本计750kg,翌年4月初开始捕捞出售,9月底结束,共计出售克氏原螯虾29860kg,1579.99万尾,平均667m2产229.7kg,12.1万尾,取得了较好的效果.     

红螯光壳螯虾组织蛋白酶L基因的克隆及维生素C对其表达的影响

为深入了解红螯光壳螯虾组织蛋白酶L基因的表达特性及维生素C对其表达的影响,实验利用RACE-PCR技术及荧光定量PCR技术,从红螯光壳螯虾肝胰腺中克隆得到组织蛋白酶L基因cDNA全长序列,命名为CqCatL(GenBank登录号:KJ913663),同时检测了该基因在红螯光壳螯虾各个组织及添加了不同浓度维生素C的组别中的表达。结果显示,该基因全长1 810 bp,开放阅读框长度为1 026 bp,编码341个氨基酸残基,预测的分子量和等电点(pI)分别为37.63 ku和5.17。同源性分析结果显示,该基因编码的蛋白与其他虾蟹类有较高的相似性,说明组织蛋白酶L基因在甲壳动物具有较高的保守性。组织荧光定量PCR结果显示,CqCatL基因在红螯光壳螯虾的多个组织中均有表达,其中肝胰腺中表达量最高,其次为血细胞,在肠及触角腺中也有一定量的表达。在基础饲料中添加不同水平的维生素C后,CqCatL基因的表达量也存在明显差异,其中维生素C添加量为400 mg/kg的组别中该基因的表达量最高。研究表明,组织蛋白酶L基因在红螯光壳螯虾的生长发育过程中有重要的作用,且其表达量受维生素C的影响。     

饲料蛋白质水平对红螯螯虾生长、消化酶和抗氧化系统的影响

为了探讨饲料不同蛋白质水平对红螯螯虾(Cherax quadricarinatus)生长及生理生化的影响,按照等能量不等蛋白的原则,配置蛋白质水平分别为20%、24%、28%、32%、36%、40%的6组饲料投喂初始体重为(0.35±0.07)g的红螯螯虾幼虾60 d,然后测定各相关指标。存活率随着饲料蛋白质水平的增加逐渐升高(P<0.05)。当饲料蛋白质水平为28%时,特定生长率、肥满度最高,饲料系数最低。饲料不同蛋白质水平对红螯螯虾胃中的蛋白酶活性影响显著(P<0.05),胃蛋白酶活力先升高后下降,32%组活性最大。肝胰腺中的淀粉酶、谷草转氨酶(GOT)、过氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性变化不显著(P>0.05)。谷丙转氨酶(GPT)活性随着蛋白质水平的增加逐渐升高(P<0.05)。过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)活性先升高后降低,腮Na+-K+ATP酶则相反(P<0.05)。36%组和40%组的丙二醛(MDA)含量最高,其次为20%组,均显著高于其他各组(P<0.05)。结果表明红螯螯虾对饲料蛋白质含量的要求较低,28%即可满足其要求。豆粕含量过高可能会影响其生长。     

Preliminary Pond Production of the Red Claw Crayfish,Cherax Quadricarinatus,in the Central United States

The Australian red claw crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus, has recently attracted attention as a potential candidate for aquaculture in the United States. This paper reports the first experimental yield trials of the red claw crayfish in the central United States. Two earthen ponds (0.30 and 0.31 ha) were stocked with juvenile red claw crayfish at either 3.5 or 7.0 crayfish/m². Crayfish were fed a diet of pelletized shrimp ration supplemented with corn silage. When stocked at 3.5/m₂, red claw crayfish grew from an average weight of 3.0 g to 27.0 g in 97 days; average survival was 79.6%; net yield was 653 kg/ha; and feed conversion was 1.4. When stocked at 7.0/m² red claw crayfish grew from an average weight of 4.1 g to 19.7 g in 99 days; average survival was 70.0%; net yield was 678.9 kg/ha; and feed conversion was 1.8. During the yield trial, temperatures were optimal for growth (25 to 33°C) 60% of the time. These findings are sufficiently encouraging to warrant further trials in locations with a longer growing season, in order to evaluate more fully the potential of the red claw crayfish as a candidate for aquaculture in the United States.     

红螯螯虾生物学特性的观察及与克氏螯虾的比较

本文描述了红螯螯虾的生物学特性,如分类地位、外形结构、栖息习性、消化器官与食性、呼吸器官及溶氧需求、蜕壳与生长、繁殖等,并与克氏螯虾进行了比较。     

Weight Gain and Survival of Juvenile Australian Crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus Fed Formulated Feeds

Abstract.— Weight gain and survival were examined in newly-hatched juvenile Australian crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus fed formulated crustacean feeds. Crayfish cultured using several Argent specialty feeds, including brine shrimp flakes, freeze-dried krill, powdered spirulina, and hatchfry encapsulon, exhibited high mortality (>90%) and little or no weight gain. After ten weeks of culture, crayfish fed AB crayfish feed (AB) exhibited the highest weight gain with nearly 100% survival. Weight gain of crayfish fed other formulated feeds, such as Zeigler post-larval feed (ZPL), Zeigler shrimp grower (ZSG), Burris Mill crayfish feed (BM), Rangen shrimp grower (RSG), and a formulated CNStacean feed (CRUS) were significantly lower. Survival of crayfish cultured using these feeds was also significantly lower, ranging from 40% (CRUS) to 72% (BM). Mortalities associated with these feeds occurred both during the intermolt period and during the molt. Recovered biomass was approximately half of that observed for crayfish cultured using AB feed, further indicating the inadequacy of these formulated feeds for use in crayfish cultures. These data suggest that many commercially available feeds do not provide the nutritional requirements for juvenile Australian crayfish.     

不同光周期下红螯螯虾幼虾摄食节律的研究

在不同光周期下对红螯螯虾(Cherax quadricarinatus)幼虾的摄食节律进行了研究。结果显示:红螯螯虾具有明显的日摄食节律,24 L(持续光照)、12 L∶12 D(12 h光照:12 h黑暗)和24 D(持续黑暗)光周期下,其摄食率、摄食量和摄食发生率均在19∶00-21∶00和5∶00-7∶00出现峰值,分别为:13.01%和15.58%、20.82%和14.75%、12.77%和16.89%,属晨昏型摄食。光周期和不同时段对红鳌幼虾摄食无显著的交互作用(P>0.05)。     

Growth and Survival of the Australian Red Claw Crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus at Three Densities in Earthen Ponds

Australian red claw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus were cultured in nine 0.02-ha earthen ponds at densities of l/m², 3/m² and 5/m² for 158 d. Average weight at stocking was 3.2 g. All ponds were provided with a combination of hay and corn silage at a rate of 500 kg/ha per month and a commercial crayfish ration fed at 5%, decreasing to 2% of estimated biomass/d during the growing season. Overall survival rate was 72%, and did not differ among treatments. Final yields and average weights varied significantly with stocking density. Red claw averaged 67 g with an average pond yield of 475 kg/ha at l/m². At 3/m² and 5/m², red claw averaged 48 g and 38 g, respectively, and yielded 1,020 kg/ha and 1,422 kg/ha, respectively.     

The effect of three carotenoid sources on growth and pigmentation of juvenile freshwater crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus

The effect of adding carotenoids from various sources to feed of juvenile freshwater crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus on pigmentation, growth and survival was examined under laboratory conditions. Juvenile crayfish were fed diets fortified with carotenoids at a level of 100 μg g⁻¹ for a period of either 49 or 55 days. Carotenoid sources were: dried algal cells prepared from Dunaliella salina in which the main carotenoid is β-carotene; a synthetic carotenoid, astaxanthin (Carophyll Pink 8%, manufactured by Hoffman–La Roche) and alfalfa meal. Crayfish receiving feeds fortified with carotenoids exhibited better body colouration than those in the control group, which were fed a diet to which no carotenoids were added. Growth and survival of the crayfish were not affected by the addition of carotenoids to their diet.     

亚硝酸盐对红螯光壳螯虾不同组织免疫相关酶活性及超微结构的影响

应用透射电镜技术,结合生物酶测定,研究了水体中不同浓度亚硝酸盐胁迫下红螯光壳螯虾肝胰腺、鳃和肌肉组织中免疫相关酶的活性变化,以及对肝胰腺和鳃的形态学影响。结果显示,与对照组相比,亚硝酸盐胁迫下,3种组织的ACP、AKP、SOD以及GSH-PX的活性都显著降低(P<0.05);随着亚硝酸盐浓度增加,酶活力呈现降低的趋势;鳃组织Na+,K+-ATPase和Ca2+,Mg2+-ATPase的活性也显示出随亚硝酸盐浓度升高而降低的趋势。超微结构显示,随着亚硝酸盐浓度增加,鳃角质层受损、断裂;上皮细胞排列疏松、空泡化;细胞器变形;鳃腔内也出现空泡化现象,血细胞变形。肝胰腺上皮细胞排列杂乱无章,细胞裂解,空泡化;微绒毛受损、断裂,肝小管间距扩大、结缔组织变得稀薄,血细胞变形;高浓度组R细胞的脂滴减少,核膜解体,细胞膜破裂,空泡化加剧;F细胞的核糖体减少,空泡化加剧,内质网水肿。研究说明亚硝酸盐对红螯光壳螯虾3种组织的免疫相关酶活产生影响,并损伤肝胰腺和鳃的形态学结构,影响其生物学功能。