池塘底排污技术应用于草鱼精养模式的探索与研究

正为进一步探索养殖尾水治理的有效途径,作者团队开展了草鱼精养池塘底排污技术效果验证试验。结果表明,试验塘与对照塘相比,水质指标均有所下降,其中氨氮下降0.046mg/L、总磷下降1.35mg/L、高锰酸盐指数下降1.3mg/L、亚硝酸盐下降0.032mg/L;草鱼平均产量提高3600kg/hm~2,鲢、鳙产量提高673kg/hm~2,平均产值提高51511元/hm~2,利润提高43811元/hm~2。     

养殖模式对草鱼池塘底泥微生物群落结构影响的分析

为了解养殖模式对主养草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)池塘底泥微生物群落结构的影响,使用高通量测序方法分析了山塘、精养和鱼菜共生三种模式下草鱼池塘底泥微生物的结构特征。结果显示:(1)精养池塘水体COD_Mn、总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)[(35.67~108.34)mg/L、(3.40~7.93)mg/L、(1.35~2.19)mg/L]显著高于山塘[(2.67~24.33)mg/L、(0.77~3.30)mg/L、(0.38~0.77)mg/L]和鱼菜共生池塘[(31.67~58.50)mg/L、(2.40~3.43)mg/L、(0.81~1.22)mg/L],且养殖后期呈上升趋势,山塘和鱼菜共生池塘后期呈下降趋势。(2)三种模式条件下底泥微生物群落结构存在显著差异,但鱼菜共生与精养池塘底泥菌群结构相似性高于山塘模式;山塘池塘底泥微生物丰富度显著低于鱼菜共生和精养池塘,但多样性无显著性差异;山塘菌群多样性指数与环境因子无相关性,但精养模式ACE指数与TN、NH⁺₄、TP、DO呈显著负相关,Shannon指数与TN和DO呈显著负相关;鱼菜共生模式ACE指数与NH⁺₄、TP、COD_Mn呈显著正相关,Shannon指数与NH⁺₄、TP、DO呈显著正相关。(3)山塘池塘核心菌群四季变化差异大;鱼菜共生和精养池塘核心菌群四季均以地杆菌属(Geobacter)、厌氧粘细菌属(Anaeromyxobacter)和脱氯单胞菌属(Dechloromonas)等厌氧和兼性厌氧菌为主。结果表明,鱼菜共生模式底泥微生物群落受环境因子影响小,能够达到控制水体COD_Mn和TN的目的。     

异育银鲫“中科3号”与普通银鲫成鱼养殖对比试验

<正>异育银鲫"中科3号"是国家大宗淡水鱼产业技术体系主推的新品种,为了探索该品种在崇明地区养殖的实际效果,掌握该品种的生物学特性、合理的放养模式、饵料投喂技术、病害防治技术、掌握试验数据,国家大宗淡水鱼产业技术体系上海综合试验站崇明县试验片实施了本项目。经过对2013年项目实施情况的汇总分析,现将试验结果总结如下:一、试验准备为了使项目具有可比性,项目组在绿华水产养殖场设池塘2口,面积均为8亩。试验塘主养异育银鲫"中科3号"、对照塘主养本地鲫。试验塘与对照塘除     

天津地区水产养殖氮磷污染负荷估算初探

正一、天津地区养殖概况1.内陆养殖概况2016年,全市内陆养殖总面积35191hm~2,其中,池塘养殖面积31020hm~2(占内陆养殖总面积的88%),水库等养殖面积4171hm~2(占内陆养殖总面积的11.9%),工厂化养殖体积224435m~3。养殖总产量为312386t,其中池塘养殖产量301487t(占内陆养殖总产量的96.5%)。我市内陆养殖方式主要是池塘养殖。池塘养殖又分为高密度精养和中低密度生态养     

池塘主养异育银鲫高产技术

为调整优化水产养殖结构，推广优质、高产、高效养殖技术，池塘养殖异育银鲫．已成为实施高密度精养的首选品种．2005年我们经过大面积推广应用，取得了较好的经济效益。在实践中涌现出不少高产典型。东台市东台镇新团村陈晓慧，2hm^2池塘主养异育银鲫，取得了总产22465kg．产值158600元．纯利71570元，每667m^2获纯利2385．6元的好收成。现将主要技术措施简述如下。     

主养草鱼池塘底泥微生物群落多样性研究

为研究主养草鱼池塘底泥微生物多样性,采用细菌通用引物27F和1492R扩增了湖北石首一草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)养殖池塘底泥细菌16S rDNA片段,构建了底泥细菌16S rDNA克隆文库,并对该文库中的微生物群落进行了分析.结果显示,该文库的Shannon多样性指数(H′)为3.85,S...     

光合细菌强化对精养鱼塘藻类群落结构的影响

通过定期向池塘投加光合细菌,研究了有益微生物强化对精养鱼塘浮游藻类群落结构的影响。结果显示:光合细菌强化塘(试验塘)藻类组成以绿藻、硅藻为主,养殖前期(5—6月初),以针杆藻、直链藻等占优势,中后期(7—9月)则以绿球藻、栅藻、盘星藻、小环藻、菱形藻等为优势种,水色呈淡绿、黄褐色等良好状态;而对照塘藻类组成在前期与试验塘没有明显差异,但在中后期出现明显变化,以微囊藻、颤藻、鱼腥藻、席藻等蓝藻占优势。试验塘藻类生物量显著低于对照塘(P<0.05),且对照塘生物量波动变化大,蓝藻数量所占比例可高达77.6%,远高于试验塘蓝藻比例(均值低于25.0%);此外,藻类Shannon-Wiener指数、Pielou指数试验塘均大于对照塘。结果表明:光合细菌的定期添加有效控制了蓝藻增值,保持了藻类多样性,使精养鱼塘藻相趋于稳定,有利池塘养殖。     

异育银鲫池塘健康养殖新技术

为加快池塘养殖品种结构调整步伐,提高池塘养殖技术水平,实施了江苏省海洋与渔业局下达的丰收计划项目"淡水池塘80:20异育银鲫养殖新技术"。全县淡水池塘异育银鲫养殖发展到227hm~2,共收获成鱼197.1万kg,年产值1735.2万元,利润563.7万元。     

光合细菌在青虾精养中的应用

光合细菌（photoSyntheticBacteia）简称PSB，是一种生物活性制品，于２０世纪五、六十年代最早在日本应用于水产养殖业中。２００１年，我们在陶辛镇水产养殖贸易公司的青虾养殖基地进行了光合细菌在青虾精养池塘中的应用试验。一、材料与方法１．试验塘口条件：试验塘为近年来病害多、产量低的青虾精养塘，共四口，包括施菌塘两口，面积１８亩，对照塘两口，面积１７亩，总面积３５亩。水深１～１．５亩，淤泥２０～２５厘米，水源为河沟水，水质一般，进排水设施齐全。２．塘口清塘、消毒与施肥：试验塘口于６月１５日用１００千克／亩…     

七星鲈高密度精养效益高

七星鲈俗名鲈鱼,又称花鲈。其肉味鲜美,营养丰富,生长速度快,是我国海水网箱的传统养殖品种,其商品鱼在韩国很有市场,因此也是我国网箱养殖出口的主要品种之一。2003年3月至2004年2月,本人参与了玉环县特种水产养殖场开展的鲈鱼淡水池塘高密度精养技术试验,试验获得成功。现将养殖技术介绍如下。一、池塘条件1郾塘址选择塘址选择在玉环县楚门镇外塘,水源充足,水质较稳定,无污染,常年水温4~32℃,pH6.5~8.5左右,生物耗氧量在3毫克/升以下,溶解氧5毫克/升以上。2郾养殖池建造养殖池塘共两只,总面积8亩,形状为长方形。近水源一侧设有水泵向内抽…     

Bacterial composition,abundance and diversity in fish polyculture and mussel–fish integrated cultured ponds in China

Bacterial community and abiotic environmental parameters in twelve freshwater aquaculture ponds were analysed. According to the major component of stocked animals, the ponds were grouped into four types: black carp Mylopharyngodon piceus, largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides, yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco and pearl mussel Hyriopsis cumingii ponds. Each type of pond was stocked with three species of Chinese carps (silver carp, bighead carp and gibel carp) to form a unique mode of fish polyculture or mussel–fish integrated culture. The bacterial composition was identified using 16S rDNA sequencing. Totally, 3701 and 11 150 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified from the water and sediment samples respectively. The number of OTUs, abundance‐based coverage estimator, Chao1 index and Shannon diversity index were lower in the water column than in the sediment, suggesting that diversity and stability of bacterial community were higher in the sediment. In the water column, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes dominated at the phylum level, and 26 dominant genera were identified. In the sediment, Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteria and Nitrospirae dominated at the phylum level, and 25 dominant genera were identified. Bacterial compositions between the ponds with different aquaculture modes were similar at the phylum levels, but varied at the genus levels. The bacterial composition in the ponds was correlated with hardness, ammonia and total nitrogen in the water column. This study indicates that the type of aquaculture mode is a factor regulating the microbial community, which provides an insight towards microbial management through probiotic manipulation in pond culture.     

主养草鱼池塘三种混养模式鱼类生长和效益的比较

为进一步提高我国广大池塘养鱼的产品质量、经济效益和改善其生态环境。本试验在武汉新洲973项目实验基地9个陆基鱼池中进行了三种不同混养模式鱼类生长和效益的比较研究,每种模式设3个重复。模式Ⅰ中放养草鱼、鲢、鳙和高背鲫;模式Ⅱ中放养草鱼、鲢、鳙、匙吻鲟和高背鲫;模式Ⅲ中放养草鱼、鲢和高背鲫。 结果表明：通过122d的养殖试验,模式Ⅱ中草鱼的生长不仅显著高于模式Ⅰ和模式Ⅲ（P<0.05）,而且其经济效益模式Ⅱ同样高于模式Ⅰ和模式Ⅲ。     

微生物制剂对养殖池塘细菌群落影响的PCR-DGGE分析

为了解微生物制剂在水产养殖环境修复中的作用机制,采用聚合酶链式反应—变性梯度凝胶电泳(PCR-DGGE)方法,研究不同微生物制剂对养殖池塘上覆水和沉积物中细菌群落的影响。结果显示,施用微生物制剂前后,试验塘上覆水样品中细菌的DGGE优势条带无明显变化,细菌群落组成没有明显差异,提示微生物制剂对试验塘上覆水中的细菌群落组成影响很小。相对而言,施用过微生物制剂的池塘相对于对照池塘其细菌群落结构发生的变化较大;泼洒EM菌原粉3 000 g/hm2加芽孢杆菌原粉750 g/hm2的试验塘沉积物中细菌群落2 d内发生了较大变化,之后相对稳定,对照池塘和泼洒EM菌原粉3 000 g/hm2加光合细菌原粉1 500 g/hm2的试验塘沉积物中细菌群落组成变化很小。     

鲢,鲫细菌性败血症的防治

介绍了链，鲫细菌性败血症的病原，症状及在章丘市的流行情况，采取清塘排水，消毒鱼等措施可预防此病。全池泼洒鱼虾安，鱼虾宁，半呋喃唑酮拌在面糊中制成药饵，然后拌在麦麸，豆饼中投喂，收到较好治疗效果。     

Physical and chemical characteristics of sediments in catfish, freshwater prawn and carp ponds in Thailand

Sediment samples were collected from 42 catfish (Clarias hybrid) ponds, 40 freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) ponds and 18 carp (Puntius spp.) ponds in Thailand. Regression analysis revealed that pond age (1–30 years) was not a major factor influencing the physical and chemical composition of pond sediments. Sediment depth, F+S horizon thickness and bulk density of S horizon were greater (P<0.05) in carp ponds than in catfish and prawn ponds. This occurred because sediment was removed from catfish and prawn ponds more frequently than from carp ponds. Total carbon, organic carbon and total nitrogen concentrations were greater (P<0.05) in carp ponds than prawn and catfish ponds. Few ponds had sediment organic carbon concentrations above 3%, and carbon:nitrogen ratio values did not differ (P>0.05) among ponds for the three species. Total phosphorus and other sediment phosphorus fractions increased in the order prawn ponds, carp ponds and catfish ponds. Sediment sulphur concentrations also increased in the same order. There were no differences in major or minor nutrient concentrations in sediment that would influence aquacultural production. Although there were significant correlations (P<0.05) between various sediment quality variables, no single variable or group of variables would be useful in estimating sediment quality. Pond bottom management practices used by producers in Thailand included drying of pond bottoms between crops, liming, tilling and periodic sediment removal. These practices have maintained relatively good bottom quality. They should be continued in Thailand and adopted in other places.     

池塘冷能气雾降温设备对高温期刺参养殖池塘环境理化指标及沉积物细菌群落结构的影响

近年来,极端高温灾害已成为限制仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)产业可持续发展的重要瓶颈之一。本团队前期研发出一款可实现池塘养殖刺参安全度夏的池塘冷能气雾降温设备,取得了较好的应用效果。为解析使用该设备对池塘环境的调控作用,本研究选取安装并使用该设备的5个池塘(实验组,根据相对区域的不同,标记为E1和E2组)和无任何降温措施的3个池塘(对照组,标记为C组)为研究对象,测定夏季高温期实验池塘水质及底质指标,并利用高通量测序技术对相应池塘沉积物中菌群结构差异进行解析,进一步分析细菌群落结构与相关环境影响因子的相关性。研究结果显示,2个实验组池塘的底层平均水温显著低于对照组,水体溶解氧含量显著高于对照组,水体氨氮和沉积物氨氮、亚硝酸氮以及化学需氧量均显著低于对照组池塘(P<0.05)。对2个实验组和1个对照组共8个测试池塘的沉积物菌群结构进行测定后分别获得707~880个分类操作单元(optical transform unit, OTU),α多样性计算结果显示,实验组沉积物菌群群落丰度和微生物群落多样性均高于对照组。对8个样品的PCoA分析结果显示,各组内养殖池塘沉积物样本的菌群组成及群落结构相似性较高,组间差异明显。在目水平的物种分布统计结果显示,2个实验组的物种组成相似性较高,实验组中根瘤菌目(Rhizobiales)、乳杆菌目(Lactobacillales)和微球菌目(Micrococcales)的相对丰度显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。LefSe分析筛选到在不同组间存在显著差异的13个细菌群类(P<0.05)。对菌群结构与环境因子的相关性分析显示,参与氮循环过程的微生物种类丰度显著高于对照组(P<0.05),进一步筛选到与实验池塘水体氨氮含量显著相关的3个OTUs,分别为OTU7、OTU29和OTU108,依次归属为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)下的苍白杆菌属(Ochrobactrum)和埃希氏菌属(Escherichia-Shigella)以及厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)下的芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)。在所预测到的25个原核生物COG代谢途径中,实验组和对照组在18个代谢途径上存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。以上研究结果表明,使用该设备可显著改善池塘水质及底质环境,并影响沉积物菌群结构,相关研究结果可为该设备的推广应用提供数据支撑。     

不同养殖结构鱼塘能量生态学研究

本文从养针池生态系统利用能量利用各环节,分析了两种不同养殖结构鱼生态学能量利用效率。主养草食性鱼类,其输入的总补助能,光合能、生物能的转换效率分别为９．８６％、６．９２％、１０．１０％;其生产吨鱼总补且能、光合能、生物能分别为４６．６４ＧＪ、６６．４６ＧＪ、４５．５４ＧＪ。而对于主养滤食性鲢、鳙的池塘,其对应的指标 ８．３．％、３．７５％、８．６６％、４６．９９ＧＪ、１０５．５２ＧＪ、４５．７３Ｇ     

强天气干扰条件下粤西凡纳滨对虾养殖池塘细菌群落动态特征

于暴雨频发的华南雨季（2009年5月-8月）对粤西凡纳滨对虾（Litopenaeus vannamei）养殖池塘水体和底泥进行调查,研究在强天气干扰条件下养殖池塘细菌数量动态及多样性指数变化情况。结果发现,水体异养细菌在104-106 cfu？mL-1间波动,弧菌数量在养殖初期高达105 cfu？mL-1, 虾池301# 和404# 自6月18日开始施用芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis）等微生态制剂后,其弧菌（Vibrio sp.）数量维持在104 cfu？mL-1以下,403# 和305# 波动较大且多次超过105 cfu？mL-1;4口虾池水体弧菌与异养细菌的数量比值在养殖初期均超过20%,之后301# 和404# 保持在12%以下,403#和305# 在养殖后期分别达到21%和33%。底泥异养细菌先升高后稳定,弧菌数量除305# 较稳定外,其他虾池波动较大（103-107 cfu？g-1）。施用微生态制剂池塘301#和404#水体微生物群落多样性较前期降低,305#和403#较前期升高;底泥微生物群落多样性则呈现相同的变化规律,群落的丰富度、常见种的优势度和群落均度较前期有所降低。结果表明,施用微生态制剂的虾池可在气候多变的情况下保持养殖水体细菌群落的相对稳定,抑制弧菌滋生,降低微生态环境风险。     

Microbial communities in sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) culture pond and the effects of environmental factors

This study investigated microbial community composition as well as their correlation with environmental factors of Apostichopus japonicus culture ponds in northern China by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The results showed that microbiota richness varied consistently with diversity in the pond ecosystem. Microbiota richness and diversity were highest in sediment, followed by gut of A. japonicus and water. The dominant bacterial phylum in the pond ecosystem is Proteobacteria. Gammaproteobacteriaeria and Flavobacteria are two dominant bacterial classes in the ecosystem. There is significant difference (p < 0.05) between dominant bacterial communities at the levels of order, family and genus. There is also remarkable regional difference (p < 0.05) between microbial community composition in the pond ecosystems. Specifically, microbial community composition in Changhai and Yingkou show a high similarity, so do those of Laoting and Rushan. According to the redundancy analysis of the microbial community composition and pond environmental factors, chemical oxygen demand is the dominant environmental factor determining microbial community composition in pond water; sulphide has the greatest influence on the microbial community composition in pond sediment; the rest of environmental factors have varied influence on microbial community composition in pond ecosystems.