国外鱼贝类生态冰温无水活运的研究

运用冰温活体干燥技术，将鱼贝类低温驯化，使其在生态冰温区域内冬眠，再进行无水活运，既能延长存活时间，又能提高鱼贝类的风味。     

牙鲆在低温无水保活过程中的生化变化

牙鲆（Ｐａｒａｌｉｃｈｔｈｙｓｏｌｉｖａｃｅｕｓ）属于鲽形目,鲆科,牙鲆属。近几年,随着海水鱼类养殖业的发展,牙鲆的养殖产量有了明显增加。以日本为代表的国外渔业发达国家相继开发了机械充氧高密度运输技术,最近几年又将生态冰温技术开发应用于部分海产动物的无水干运,并对日本对虾无水活运中的生化变化进行了研究［古庄真喜１９８９］。在我国,海水动物活运技术也得到了提高,殷邦忠等［１９９４、１９９６］采用低温法无水活运菲律宾蛤仔、魁蚶获得了成功。但到目前为止,国内外关于牙鲆低温无水保活过程中生化变化的研究未…     

青虾无水低温保活运输初探

<正>低温保活运输是根据水产动物生态冰温,采用控温方式,降低新陈代谢,使其处于半休眠或者完全休眠状态,以减少机械损伤、延长存活时间的方法。分为带水低温保活运输和无水低温保活运输,其中后者摒弃了传统的带水运输,降低了运输器具的体积和重量,同时也降低了运输成本,可方便地进行车辆和航空运输。目前,有一些研究者已经对不同种类的虾在低温无水运输方面做了不同程度的研究,并取得一定的成绩,但对青虾进行无水低温保活的研究还未见报道。孙宁用海绵和木屑作为填充物,对罗氏沼虾进行无水     

鱼类保活运输技术研究现状及展望

安全高效的保活运输是保持鱼类鲜度的有效方式,既能满足消费者的需求,又可以提高企业的经济效益。介绍了有水运输和无水运输两种鱼类保活运输的技术方法,并对两种方法的优劣点进行了比较;阐述了鱼体体质、温度、水质(pH、溶氧、氨氮和代谢废物浓度)以及其他因素对鱼类运输存活率的影响;最后提出了现阶段鱼类保活运输存在的一些问题和应对措施,并对其发展前景进行了展望。根据对现有文献资料进行的分析,认为利用生态冰温法辅以二氧化碳作为麻醉剂进行无水运输将是今后鱼类保活运输研究和应用的重点。此外,开发无氧保活运输方法及相应的高效运输装备也应重点关注。这些都将有助于实现我国渔业现代化的更快发展。     

牙鲆无水保活技术

选用２龄人工养殖牙鲆,采用生态冰温学原理,研究了牙鲆的临界温度、无水保活技术工艺、影响无水保活时间的因子。结果表明：人工养殖牙鲆的临界温度为－０．７～０℃;温度、暂养时间、梯度降温速率、氧气的供应是影响牙鲆无水保活时间的主要因子;采用低温法,牙鲆无水保活５２ｈ,成活率１００％;６０ｈ,成活率９０％;低温法明显优于ＴＭＳ麻醉法。     

海水鱼的保活运输

常见的水产动物保活运输有增氧法、麻醉法和低温法。而冰温无水保活运输具有运载量大、无污染、质量高等优点，是海水鱼保活运输的发展方向。     

水产品保活运输技术

本文介绍了国内外水产品活动运输的研究概况，对活体运输中的生理特征和影响因素及应采取的一些措施作了阐述，同时对水产品保活运输的一些新技术作了介绍，并例举了鱼、虾、蟹、贝类和鳖在活体运输中所采用的一些方法。     

高值贝类保活运输车与鲍鱼应用效果分析

针对当前市场对高值贝类保活运输的需求,研制了现代化的高值贝类保活运输车,可实现保活运输过程中对水温、溶氧和水质等关键存活参数的控制需求,保证优良的保活运输效果。高值贝类保活运输车采用冷却海水喷淋的保活方式,海水采用梯度降温模式,该保活运输车具有制冷、循环水喷淋、增氧、杀菌和水质净化等功能。结合保活运输车相关参数,综合评价了其保活环境控制性能,包括喷淋海水的温度、溶氧浓度及海水流率控制等。利用高值贝类保活运输车开展了保活运输鲍鱼的试验,并与传统的保活运输车进行了存活率和经济性能比较。试验结果表明,高值贝类保活运输车相比传统保活运输车,保活运输7 d,鲍鱼的平均存活率为96.57%,提高了0.76%;宁德往返大连运输120 t鲍鱼的年总费用降低了23.07%,具有较好的经济效益。     

水产品活运原理与方法

综述了国内外水产品保活运输的研究进展和影响水产品保活运输存活率的五大因素(水产品种类与体质、氧气供给量和消耗量、温度、水质环境和水产品的应激性)，介绍了运用麻醉、生态冰温、常规降温和模拟冬眠等方法进行水产品保活运输的原理，同时对水产品保活运输方法的发展趋势也进行了预测。     

大黄鱼生态冰温保活技术的初步研究

为优化大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)活体运输的条件,对大黄鱼的生态冰温进行探索。分析鱼水质量比和暂养时间2个因素对大黄鱼保活时间的影响,在此基础上设计3因素3水平的正交试验,以期找到大黄鱼保活的适合条件。研究结果显示:大黄鱼的生态冰温为-2℃~7℃;鱼水质量比及暂养时间对大黄鱼保活时间均有显著影响(P<0.05);在温度为5℃~7℃、鱼水质量比为1∶4、暂养时间为48 h的条件下进行保活,保活时间可超过19 h。本研究结果可为大黄鱼活体运输提供参考。     

有水与无水保活运输对大菱鲆生理应激及鱼肉品质的影响

为探究大菱鲆分别在有水及无水条件下运输过程中生理生化指标及肌肉品质的变化,为大菱鲆的保活运输提供参考。将大菱鲆进行暂养、降温、充氧包装后进行模拟运输,并在运输不同时间段取样,检测大菱鲆生理生化指标及肌肉指标。结果显示,模拟运输18 h后,有水运输组和无水运输组中的大菱鲆存活率仍为100%。大菱鲆肌肉中水分含量、粗脂肪、pH、糖原、三磷酸腺苷(ATP)和腺苷酸(AMP)含量显著降低,乳酸和肌苷酸(IMP)含量升高。其中,有水运输组中的大菱鲆AMP含量降低了38.65%,IMP含量增加了29.1%,无水运输组中的大菱鲆AMP含量降低了12.83%,IMP含量增加了28.47%。大菱鲆血液生化指标中,葡萄糖、尿素氮和皮质醇含量显著升高。运输过程后,无水运输组中大菱鲆生理应激及能量代谢指标的变化幅度均小于有水运输处理组中的大菱鲆。此外,低温无水运输组大菱鲆肌肉中呈味核苷酸IMP和AMP含量显著高于有水运输组,表明低温无水运输增加了大菱鲆呈鲜味物质的含量,提高了鱼肉风味。研究表明,低温无水保活技术在活鱼运输中具有广泛的应用前景。     

Survival and serum biochemical responses of spotted sea bass Lateolabrax maculatus during simulated waterless live transportation

Waterless live fish transportation is an alternative and promising transport strategy, which may reduce shipping costs, increase stocking density and improve survival of some species. Spotted sea bass is one of the most economically important marine fish in China. However, waterless transportation has not yet been studied on spotted sea bass. To explore the possibility of waterless transportation of spotted sea bass and its sublethal stress responses, the survival rate and dynamics of blood biochemical parameters were evaluated in the present study by preserving it under no water, less water and water (control) conditions for 9 hr. The serum biochemical parameters including total protein, cortisol, glucose, lactate, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total carbon dioxide (TCO₂), creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), ammonia, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malonaldehyde (MDA) were investigated. Results showed that the survival rates of fish in all groups gradually declined with time increasing. At the end of transportation, the survival rates in the control group, less‐water group and no‐water group decreased to 49.11%, 15.60% and 23.96% respectively. Significant changes were observed in several selected serum biochemical parameters, including glucose, lactate, ALT, TCO₂, BUN and ammonia during simulated waterless transportation, which might negatively affect the physiological homeostasis of fish, leading to the high mortality in present study. In general, waterless transportation of spotted sea bass was possible, but it might be rather suitable for short time than long time.     

魁蚶低温保活方法的研究

<正> 魁蚶(Arca Inftata Reeue),俗名赤贝、血贝等,主要分布于我国黄海北部水深3～50米的软泥或泥沙海底,它以个体大,肉质鲜嫩,经济价值高而著称。近几年,海产活体动物的交易十分活跃,但所采用的保活运输方法各异。1988年,日本水产品空运量就达10万吨,同年新西兰采用冷却法空运贻贝到美国,2～4℃存活12天;活牡蛎1～10℃可存活7天;马来西亚农业研究和开发     

日本对虾活体干法运输技术研究

介绍了日本对虾无水保活运输的捕捞、暂养、包装、贮放、运输等技术。     

Proteomic Analysis of Mechanisms Responsible for the Waterless Preservation of Fenneropenaeus chinensis Based on Cold-Forced Hibernation

ABSTRACT

In this study, the comparative proteomic approach was used to identify the proteins that were changed significantly during the waterless preservation of Chinese white shrimp (Fenneropenaeus chinensis). Approximately 380–430 protein spots were observed in the two-dimensional protein electrophoresis (2-DE) gels. Among them, 14 altered proteins from hemolymph were excised and subjected to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) analysis. Eleven protein spots were successfully identified—including hemocyanin, hemolymph clottable protein, myosin light chain, and sarcoplasmic calcium-binding protein. It could be speculated that the combined action of decreased hemocyanin, increased hemolymph clottable protein, and myosin light chain forced Chinese white shrimp into a temporary state of hibernation under cold temperature and could keep the hibernated shrimps alive during the waterless preservation. Moreover, increased expression of sarcoplasmic calcium-binding protein ensured that hibernated shrimps could be aroused at warm temperature. On the basis of these findings, it is believed that a protein-protein networking mechanism of hemocyanin, hemolymph clottable protein, myosin, and sarcoplasmic calcium-binding protein could interpret the cold-forced hibernation and warm-arousal of Chinese white shrimp.     

Application of the consortia of nitrifying archaea and bacteria for fish transportation may be beneficial for fish trading and aquaculture

The growing popularity of the aquarium trade is greatly increasing the demand for many ornamental fish. While shipping technology has made the worldwide transportation of ornamental fish possible, a significant portion of the fish caught for the aquarium trade perish in transport before being sold to hobbyists. One of the major causes of fish death in transport is ammonia building up to toxic levels in the shipping bags. In order to solve this problem, we investigated the effectiveness of using nitrifying consortia in reducing the ammonia build‐up in marine fish bags during transport. A pre‐activated nitrifying consortium was effective in safely maintaining low ammonia levels during a three‐day experiment. We found that both ammonium chloride and urea can activate nitrifying consortia. Activation of nitrifiers by urea is not only novel but also beneficial due to being less harmful to fish in comparison with ammonia. We also discovered that unexpectedly one nitrifying consortium examined mainly contained ammonia‐oxidizing archaea. The confirmation of the concept of the use of activated nitrifying consortia and the usefulness of nitrifying archaea for fish transportation may be beneficial for the fish trading and aquaculture.     

养殖大黄鱼冰藏流通的货架期试验

本文于2004年7月对养殖大黄鱼进行了冰藏流通货架期的试验研究，监测了实际流通全过程的鱼体温度和鲜度质量的变化。结果表明，大黄鱼冰藏流通过程的总体设计是合理的，但在夏季，鱼在捕获后的处理加工中没有得到及时的有效冷却，运输和流通中不使用冷藏车、冷藏库，不仅增加了用冰量，而且冰融化较快，大大缩短了冰藏大黄鱼的货架期，冰藏3d后再次在上层加覆盖细碎冰．鱼可保持高品质期4d，货架期5.75d。