富硒饲料对仿刺参成参的饲喂效果研究

选用养殖规格仿刺参Apostichopus japonicus成参72头(40.31±1.27g),分别按蛋氨酸硒添加量0、0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8、1.0 mg/kg进行分组强化饲喂。试验进行28天,平均水温13℃,盐度27‰,p H 8.1,试验结束时分别测定各组成参的特定生长率(SGR)、摄食率(IR)、排粪率(FPR)、饲料转化率(FCR)和表观消化率(AD)。结果表明:特定生长率、摄食率和排粪率在硒添加量为0.6 mg/kg时分别达到最大值0.22%/d、0.0121 g/g·d、0.006 4 g/g·d,与对照组差异显著(P0.05);饲料转化率在硒添加量为0.4 mg/kg时达到最大值为18.37%,与对照组差异不显著(P0.05);成参对饲料中干物质、粗蛋白的表观消化率在硒添加量为0.6 mg/kg时达到最大值42.25%,79.61%,与对照组差异显著(P0.05),饲料粗脂肪的表观消化率在硒添加量为0.8 mg/kg时达到最大值95.52%,与对照组差异显著(P0.05)。综合生长性能和饲料利用情况,饲料中添加0.6~0.8 mg/kg的硒较为适宜。     

饲粮中铬添加水平对海兰褐种公鸡繁殖性能的影响

试验选用10周龄时个体发育良好,冠髯大而鲜红的海兰褐种公鸡90只,随机分为6组,每组15只。CK组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮,在Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组日粮中分别添加0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8和1.0 mg/kg的铬,以此来研究铬对种公鸡繁殖性能的影响。研究结果表明,种公鸡饲粮中铬的添加量在0.2~0.8 mg/kg时,随着添加量的增加,体重、第二性征及性腺的发育均趋于增加趋势,对提高体重、性腺发育及繁殖性能有极显著影响(P<0.01),铬添加水平达1.0 mg/kg时平均射精量、受精率、精子密度及精子活力均逐渐呈减弱趋势,而畸形率则呈增长趋势,该组与CK组比较差异极显著(P<0.01)。综合分析,日粮中理想的铬添加量是0.8 mg/kg,可有效地提高海蓝褐种公鸡的繁殖性能。     

饲料维生素E添加量对花鲈生长、组织中维生素E积累量和免疫指标的影响

采用单因子试验设计方法,进行了饲料中添加维生素E对花鲈生长(增重率、存活率、特定生长率、饲料效率)、组织中维生素E积累量和免疫指标(血清中溶菌酶活性和总补体活性)影响的研究,设计了5个不同维生素E水平(0.6、24.7、49.0、98.8、198.2 mg/kg)的等氮等能饲料,对花鲈进行为期8周的生长实验,每个水平含3个重复,每个养殖单元放养初始体重为10.1 g左右的花鲈20尾.饲养试验在海水网箱(1.5 m×1.0 m×1.0 m)中进行.结果表明:饲料中未添加维生素E组的增重率、饲料效率、特定生长率以及存活率显著低于维生素E添加组,随着饲料中维生素E添加量由0.6提高到49.0 mg/kg时,花鲈的增重率和特定生长率显著提高,以增重率和特定生长率为指标,花鲈最佳生长性能的饲料维生素E添加量为60.5 mg/kg左右;对鱼体生物学指标的分析表明,饲料中维生素E添加量达到49 mg/kg时能显著影响鱼体的肝体比指数,鱼体水分、粗脂肪不受饲料中维生素E添加水平的影响,然而对鱼体粗蛋白含量的影响显著;随着饲料中维生素E添加量由0.6提高到49.0 mg/kg时,花鲈肌肉和肝脏中维生素E的积累量显著升高,但当维生素E添加量达到49.0 mg/kg后,肌肉和肝脏中维生素E的积累量变化不显著;饲料中未添加维生素E组的花鲈血清溶菌酶和总补体活性显著低于维生素E添加组,花鲈血清溶菌酶和总补体活性随着维生素E添加量的增加而显著升高,饲料维生素E添加量达到98.8 mg/kg时,血清溶菌酶和总补体活性较高.综上所述,花鲈生长和免疫的维生素E适宜添加量为60.5～98.8 mg/kg.     

水牛冷冻精液稀释液中添加SOD、GSH对精子品质的影响

目的分析水牛冷冻精液稀释液中添加SOD、GSH对精子品质的影响,方法于广西畜禽品种改良站中选取摩拉水牛的新鲜精液进行分析研究,并且随机将其分为A组、B组、C组、D组,A组为正常水牛精液,B组添加300IU/mL SOD,C组添加1.0mM GSH,D组添加300IU/mL SOD与1.0mM GSH,对比各组影响结果。结果在不同氧化剂对精子影响方面上,4组的顶体完整率无显著差异,在精子解冻后不同时间段内,B组C组D组精子活率显著优于A组,D组精子活率显著优于B组C组,组间对比差异显著(P0.05)。在抗氧化剂组合对体外受精结果上,D组的精子分裂率、囊胚孵化率与囊胚率显著优于A组,组间对比差异显著(P0.05)。结论在水牛精子中添加SOD与GSH可以良好的延缓精子死亡时间,效果显著。     

鹿茸对昆明小鼠精子质量的影响

目的本试验旨在探究鹿茸对昆明小鼠精子质量的影响。方法雄性昆明小鼠48只随机分为空白对照组以及3mg/kg低剂量组、6mg/kg中剂量组和12mg/kg高剂量组,连续经口灌胃鹿茸14d。结果灌胃给雄性昆明小鼠6mg/kg鹿茸和12mg/kg鹿茸时精子活动率、精子数量和精子成活率显著高于对照组;高、中、低三个剂量组对精子畸形率均无显著影响。结论灌胃给药6mg/kg和12mg/kg鹿茸时,可提高雄性昆明小鼠的精子质量。     

纳米硒对齐口裂腹鱼生长、肌肉成分、血清生化及抗氧化指标的影响

为研究纳米硒（nano-selenium,Nano-Se）对齐口裂腹鱼（）生长性能、肌肉成分、血清生化指标及抗氧化性能的影响,在基础饲料中分别添加0.0 mg/kg、0.2 mg/kg、0.4 mg/kg、0.8 mg/kg纳米硒,分别饲喂体重为（98.75±5.74）g的齐口裂腹鱼8周。结果表明,与对照组相比,不同添加剂量纳米硒均增加齐口裂腹鱼的特定生长率和肠体指数,降低饵料系数（<0.05）。另外,纳米硒各剂量组鱼体血清球蛋白、总胆固醇和甘油三酯含量,超氧化物歧化酶活性均显著升高,丙二醛和葡萄糖含量显著降低（<0.05）。日粮添加0.4 mg/kg和0.8 mg/kg的纳米硒时,血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性显著增加;日粮添加0.8 mg/kg的纳米硒,血清一氧化氮合酶活性和肌肉硒含量显著增加（<0.05）。综上,在促进齐口裂腹鱼的生长发育、改善肌肉品质以及提高血清抗氧化性能方面,3种剂量的纳米硒均产生了一定的影响,基于特定生长率的二次回归模型拟合,获得齐口裂腹鱼饲料中纳米硒最适添加量为0.52 mg/kg,综合考虑对生长性能和抗氧化能力的影响,推荐齐口裂腹鱼饲料中纳米硒的添加量为0.5 mg/kg。     

饲料中添加酵母硒对史氏鲟幼鱼生长性能、肌肉品质和抗氧化能力的影响

以酵母硒(总硒含量2 000 mg/kg)的形式分别向基础饲料(硒含量0.78 mg/kg)中添加0、2、4、6 mg/kg(饲料中硒总含量为0.78、2.42、4.26和6.73 mg/kg)的硒，研究饲料中添加酵母硒对史氏鲟(Acipenser schrenckii)幼鱼(25.89±0.74) g生长性能、肌肉品质及抗氧化能力的影响。实验选取360尾体质健康的史氏鲟幼鱼，随机分配至12个养殖缸(30尾/缸),养殖周期为10周。结果显示：(1)饲料中添加酵母硒对史氏鲟幼鱼肌肉硒含量、水分、粗灰分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪含量及饲料转化率(FCR)、内脏比(VSI)、肝重比(HIS)没有显著性影响，但肥满度(CF)显著升高；与对照组相比，6.73 mg/kg添加组的史氏鲟幼鱼增重率(WGR)和特定增长率(SGR)显著升高，肌肉蒸煮损失、冻融损失和滴水损失均显著降低；(2)对史氏鲟幼鱼投喂添加2.42～6.73 mg/kg的酵母硒饲料，其肌纤维密度显著增加、肌纤维直径显著降低；(3)添加6.73 mg/kg的硒显著提升了肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GP_X)活性。结果表明，饲料...     

微量元素锌、硒及维生素E对雌性黄鳝生长及抗氧化能力的影响

本研究旨在探讨微量元素锌、硒及维生素E对雌性黄鳝(Monopterusalbus)生长、肌肉营养成分及肝脏抗氧化能力的影响。根据正交试验设计L9(3⁴)正交试验,3个因素分别设定3个浓度梯度(锌为20mg/kg、40mg/kg、60 mg/kg,硒为0.66 mg/kg、1.31 mg/kg、1.97 mg/kg,维生素E为170 mg/kg、270 mg/kg、370 mg/kg),制备9组等氮等能的饲料。挑选1350尾初始平均体重为(19.67±1.59) g的2冬龄雌性黄鳝,随机分为9组,每组3个重复,每个重复50尾鱼,养殖周期为12周。结果表明:(1) 0.66 mg/kg硒添加组黄鳝生长性能显著高于另外两个较高浓度硒添加组(P<0.05),而锌及维生素E添加不影响黄鳝的生长性能(P>0.05),试验组1即0.66 mg/kg硒、20 mg/kg锌、170mg/kg维生素E添加组雌鳝的生长性能最好,增重率及特定生长率分别为(115.04±8.71)%及(1.39±0.07)%/d;(2)维生素E是影响黄鳝肥满度的首要指标, 370 mg/kg维...     

不同类型硒对黑鲷幼鱼生长及血清免疫指标的影响

在水温(27±1)℃下,将初始体质量为(13.00±0.20)g的黑鲷幼鱼放入容积为310L(水体260L)的微流水玻璃缸内,投喂含蛋白41.57%、脂肪13.63%等氮等能基础饲料(对照组)及在其中添加2.35mg/kg硒化多糖和0.88mg/kg的亚硒酸钠(使外源硒添加量均为0.4mg/kg)的试验饲料8周,研究了不同类型的外源硒对黑鲷幼鱼生长性能、体组成和血清免疫指标的影响。试验结果显示,黑鲷幼鱼摄食添加了硒化多糖和亚硒酸钠的饲料时,其特定生长率、血清免疫球蛋白M、补体C3、补体C4的含量以及肝脏和肌肉中硒的含量均显著高于对照组(P0.05),且添加硒化多糖组的上述指标显著高于添加亚硒酸钠组(P0.05);饲料中添加硒化多糖和亚硒酸钠对黑鲷幼鱼的形体指标和体组成无显著影响(P0.05)。试验结果表明,添加适量的外源硒能显著提高黑鲷幼鱼的生长性能和血清免疫活性,且有机硒的生物利用率显著高于无机硒。     

日粮添加酵母硒和茶多酚对团头鲂幼鱼肝抗氧化酶活性及其基因表达的影响

酵母硒和茶多酚都是优质的天然抗氧化剂。酵母硒作为有机硒源,兼有抗氧化和免疫增强的双重功效。茶多酚是茶叶中多酚类物质的总称,具有清除体内自由基、抗菌消炎和免疫调节等多种功效。为探讨酵母硒和茶多酚及其配伍对团头鲂(Megalobrama amblycephala)组织硒沉积量,肝中抗氧化酶活性及其基因m RNA表达的影响,本试验采用二因素三水平设计,在团头鲂幼鱼基础饲料中分别添加酵母硒(按硒计)3个水平(分别为0,0.25 mg/kg,0.50 mg/kg),茶多酚3个水平(分别为0,50 mg/kg,100 mg/kg),进行排列组合后得到9组日粮。选用体重为(1.75±0.01)g团头鲂1 350尾,随机分为9组,每组3个重复,每个重复50尾,进行为期8周的饲养试验。结果表明:1)日粮中添加酵母硒和茶多酚均能显著提高团头鲂幼鱼的增重率和特定生长率(P0.05),当日粮中硒缺乏时,两者互作效应显著(P0.05);而当硒适量或过量时,两者交互作用不显著(P0.05)。2)日粮中单独添加酵母硒能显著提高团头鲂肌肉和肝中硒含量(P0.01),而茶多酚对组织硒含量无显著影响(P0.05),两者对硒在肝中沉积的交互作用显著(P0.05)。3)酵母硒和茶多酚均能够通过诱导抗氧化酶基因表达来提高机体抗氧化酶性能,不同的是酵母硒主要上调Ma GPx1和Ma Cu/Zn-SOD基因m RNA表达,茶多酚主要上调Ma CAT基因。4)酵母硒和茶多酚具有协同抗氧化作用,两者配伍上调了Ma GPx1基因m RNA表达量(P0.05),对Ma Cu/Zn-SOD和Ma CAT基因表达有促进作用,结果两者配伍显著提高了肝总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)而显著降低肝丙二醛(MDA)含量(P0.05)。综合分析,建议当基础日粮中添加0.50 mg/kg酵母硒和50 mg/kg茶多酚时,即在提高生长指标的同时较好的提高各抗氧化物酶的活性,降低肝中MDA的含量。     

Effect of vitamin E on spermatophore regeneration and quality of pond‐reared,black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon)

The objective of the present work was to evaluate the effects of different levels of vitamin E in feed on the spermatophore regeneration and quality of male Penaeus monodon. The experiment was carried out with the four following treatments: the basal diet no added vitamin E, the diet added 200, 600 and 1,000 mg/kg respectively. Spermatophore regeneration and quality were evaluated by spermatophore weight, sperm count and spermatophore absence rates, which male P. monodon were extruded spermatophore for feeding 20 and 40 days. In the experiment, the weight of the twice regenerated spermatophore of the males added to the vitamin E group was higher than that of the untreated control group. The weight of the first regenerated spermatophore with the addition of 1,000 mg/kg group was the highest and significantly higher than the control group (p < .05), but there was no significant difference among the three groups with different levels of vitamin E. The weight of the second regenerated spermatophore with the addition of 600 mg/kg group was the highest, followed by 1,000 mg/kg group, both of which were higher than the control group and the addition of 200 mg/kg group. Within the same group, the regeneration spermatophore weight showed overall upward trend as the feeding time, twice regenerate experiment spermatophore weight with added to the vitamin E groups were significantly higher than the initial value (p < .05), but three spermatophore weight of male shrimp at the control group had no significant difference. The sperm quantity and the percentage of normal sperm of the twice regenerated spermatophore of the males with added to the vitamin E group was higher than that of the untreated control group, and those of the addition of 200 mg/kg group was significantly higher than that of control group (p < .05). The total number of sperm and the percentage of living sperm of male shrimp in the experimental group decreased with the increase of vitamin E in the feed. Within the same group, the total number of sperm and the percentage of living sperm of male shrimp with added to the vitamin E groups showed overall upward trend as the feeding time and were significantly higher than the initial value (p < .05), but the control group was slightly down and had no significant difference. Comprehensive sperm weight, sperm quantity and living sperm percentage of three indicators, that adding 200 mg/kg of vitamin E in feed could effectively promote the spermatophore regeneration in the male P. monodon and improve the sperm quantity. The experimental results provide a scientific basis for the breeding of P. monodon.     

外源硒对仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)重要生理相关酶活性及体内硒含量的影响

在水温为16-18℃时,将平均体重为(60.75±0.32)g的仿刺参(Apostichhopus japonicus)饲养在150 cm×120 cm×60 cm的水箱中,通过在基础饲料中添加富硒酵母,使7组饲料中硒的浓度分别为0、0.20、0.40、0.80、1.60、3.20和6.40 mg/kg,进行为期28 d的生长实验,并对其体壁、消化道、呼吸树、肌肉等不同组织消化酶活力、免疫酶活力进行测定,探讨不同水平的外源硒对仿刺参生长、相关酶及体内硒含量的影响,并用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法进行仿刺参体内硒含量分析.结果显示,添加适宜浓度的硒提高了仿刺参的成活率(最高达100％)、消化酶和免疫酶的活性,蛋白酶(35.13 U/mg prot)和淀粉酶(0.51 U/mg prot)的最高活性分别为对照组的2.45倍和2.07倍.硒浓度为0.80-1.60 mg/kg时,仿刺参各组中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)和酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性最高,显著高于其他组;仿刺参各组中的硒含量均有不同程度的上升,有机硒的提高倍数大于无机硒,说明富集到体内的硒以有机硒为主.研究表明,硒浓度为0.80-1.60 mg/kg时,仿刺参的养殖效果最佳.本研究丰富了仿刺参的营养学内容,为仿刺参健康、高效、可持续养殖提供了一定的参考依据.     

蛋氨酸硒含量对食用仿刺参生长和体壁营养成分的影响

在水温10.2~12.4℃、p H 7.8~8.0、盐度24~28条件下,将平均体质量为(45±5)g的仿刺参Apostichopus japonicus饲养在室内养殖池的网箱中,投喂蛋氨酸硒添加量分别为0mg/kg、0.2mg/kg、0.4mg/kg、0.6mg/kg、0.8mg/kg和1.0mg/kg的6组饲料。饲养60d后,测定仿刺参的特定生长率(SGR)和体壁中常规营养成分含量。结果表明:当蛋氨酸硒添加量为1.0mg/kg饲料时,仿刺参的特定生长率、粗蛋白、粗灰分含量最大,较对照组分别高155.56%、5.65%和2.9%(P0.05),而仿粗脂肪含量最低,较对照组低10.61%(P0.05)。     

Biochemical Composition of Seminal Plasma and Annual Variations in Semen Characteristics of Jundiá <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rhamdia quelen</Emphasis> (Quoy and Gaimard,Pimelodidae)

This study investigated the composition of milt of the South American silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) or jundiá. The semen was taken from jundiá in different periods during the four seasons. The biochemical composition of seminal fluid and the characteristics of sperm were analyzed. The semen quantity which can be extracted per fish in one day was 0.95 ± 0.08 ml during spring (maximum) and 0.24 ± 0.03 ml during winter (minimum). Sperm density (spermatocrit) showed higher values in the spring (75.1 ± 1.3%) decreasing slightly afterwards and reaching 63.0 ± 2.4% to 65.0 ± 2.2% in the fall and winter. Immediately after water dilution, 90–100% of the spermatozoa presented vigorous straightforward motility that remained for at least 20 s. The total duration of the motility was 47.9 ± 1.3 s in the spring and 38.6 ± 0.6 s in the other seasons (P < 0.05). This pattern of motility is maintained for more than 2 h after storage of the milt at room temperature. The pH from 5 to 10 of the water dilution does not influence the sperm motility. The mean seminal pH and osmolality values were 8.7 ± 0.07 and 274.8 ± 11.2 (mOsm/kg), respectively. The ion concentration was: Na 153.7 ± 2.4, K 10.7 ± 2.4, Cl 139.4 ± 2.1, Ca 4.2 ± 0.2, Mg 0.9 ± 0.05, P 0.9 ± 0.08 (mEq/l). The total protein was 0.6 ± 0.05 mg/dl and cholesterol concentration was 13.9 ± 0.9 mg/dl.     

The supplementation of dietary selenium yeast and green tea‐derived polyphenols improves antioxidant capacity and immune response in juvenile Wuchang bream under ammonia stress

In order to investigate protective effects of dietary selenium yeast and green tea‐derived polyphenols on ammonia stress, healthy Wuchang bream juveniles (3.24 ± 0.08 g) were fed basal diets and three treatment diets supplemented with 0.50 mg/kg selenium yeast, 50 mg/kg green tea‐derived polyphenols, and combination of 0.50 mg/kg selenium yeast and 50 mg/kg green tea‐derived polyphenols, respectively. After a 60‐day feeding, fish were exposed to 22.5 mg/L total ammonia nitrogen for 48 hr. The results showed that total antioxidant capacity, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in the serum were higher in three treatment groups than in control group before and after ammonia exposure (p < .05), while serum cortisol was lower in three treatment groups (p < .05). Similarly, the content and mRNA levels of splenic interleukin 1β, tumour necrosis factor α and immunoglobulin M showed significant increases in three treatment groups in relative to the controls (p < .05). Splenic lesions for three treatment groups were less severe, and the healing process of the lesions was faster than the control group after ammonia exposure. These findings demonstrated that single and combined supplementation of selenium yeast and green tea‐derived polyphenols could enhance antioxidant and immune responses to alleviate oxidative stress and damage by ammonia. Overall, the combination of selenium yeast and green tea‐derived polyphenols has a potential use as a preventive or therapeutic measure in ammonia‐exposed fish.     

Properties and activities of blood‐ or seawater‐contaminated wild‐caught Striped Jewfish (Stereolepis doederleini) sperm

Understanding the effects of environmental factors in sperm qualities will be helpful in the development of optimal artificial reproduction methods and contributes towards the knowledge base of better short‐ and long‐term fish semen preservation conditions The objectives of this study were to determine properties and activities of wild‐caught striped jewfish Stereolepis doederleini sperm contaminated with blood or seawater and compare them with data reported in the literature on other freshwater and marine fish species, for effective short‐ and long‐term storage of fish semen. Overall, we observed that the sodium, chloride, glucose, total protein concentrations of normal sperm were not significantly different from blood‐ or seawater‐contaminated sperm. The salinity and osmolality concentration of sperm contaminated with blood were lower than sperm contaminated with seawater and were not significantly different from normal sperm. In addition, the spermatozoa motility (SM) and duration of spermatozoa motility (DSM) in blood‐contaminated sperm were higher than seawater‐contaminated sperm and also not significantly different from normal sperm. The best condition for SM and DSM in normal sperm was dilution rate of 1:50. Sperm was immotile in distilled water, and cationic factors were shown to stimulate the initiation of spermatozoa activation. The maximum SM and DSM were observed in solution containing 0.4 M NaCl, 0.6 M KCl, 0.6 M CaCl₂ and 0.4 M MgCl₂. This study provides some basic and important knowledge about striped jewfish sperm sensitivity to a cationic condition. In this regard, Na⁺ is the major inhibitory factor of spermatozoa motility in this fish species.     

添加氯化钾和蛋黄对虹鳟精液冷冻保存的效果

为筛选出更有效的虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)精液冷冻保存液,在以10％ 甲醇和0.3 M葡萄糖作为主要成分的基础上,分别或同时添加0.9 g/L氯化钾和10％ 蛋黄形成四种冷冻保存液,用于虹鳟精液冷冻保存试验,分别形成4个处理组:Ⅰ#(不添加氯化钾和蛋黄)、Ⅱ#(添加氯化钾)、Ⅲ#(添加蛋黄)和Ⅳ#(...     

硒和维生素E对牙鲆生长和非特异性免疫力的影响

在基础饲料中分别添加维生素E(VE)(60mg/kg标为e或300mg/kg标为E)和硒(Se)(0mg/kg标为s或2.5mg/kg标为S),制成4种试验饲料(s/e,s/E,S/e,S/E)分别饲喂初始体重为38.5±0.15g的牙鲆70d,观察其对生长性能、肝脏及血清中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性、非特异免疫力以及抗病力的影响。结果表明,饲喂添加高剂量VE的两组饲料(s/E,S/E),牙鲆的特定生长率和吞噬率明显地提高(P0.05)。饲喂添加硒的两组饲料(S/e,S/E),牙鲆血液和肝脏的GSH-Px活性显著升高(P0.05)。70d投喂实验结束后,利用鳗弧菌进行攻毒试验,不添加硒和低剂量VE(s/e)使牙鲆的累积死亡率明显高于其他3组。