虎斑乌贼受精卵卵黄营养成分分析

本实验对虎斑乌贼受精卵卵黄的营养成分进行分析,旨在探讨其幼体的营养需求量,为其幼体配合饲料研制提供参考数据。随机选取大约800个虎斑乌贼受精卵的卵黄,采用国家标准方法测定其水分、灰分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、氨基酸、脂肪酸和矿物元素含量。结果表明:1)虎斑乌贼受精卵卵黄中粗蛋白质含量为76.33%(干重基础);总氨基酸(TAA)和必需氨基酸(EAA)含量分别为71.22%和32.38%(干重基础),EAA/TAA为45.46%,氨基酸中以谷氨酸(Glu)含量最高(9.97%),必需氨基酸中亮氨酸(Leu)含量最高(7.58%)。2)其粗脂肪含量12.71%(干重基础);共检出17种脂肪酸,包括8种饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、5种单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)和4种多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA),SFA、MUFA和PUFA分别占脂肪酸总量的43.47%、7.54%和49.25%,其中以DHA含量最高,达32.80%,EPA含量为7.70%,DHA/EPA为4.26。3)检测出Na、K、Ca、Mg、Sr、Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn、Al和As 矿物元素,微量元素中富含Zn、Al和Fe,含量分别为 0.77、0.71和0.43 mg/kg(鲜重基础)。由此可见,卵黄具有高蛋白、低脂肪,富含n-3PUFA的特点;虎斑乌贼幼体饲料中蛋白质需求量参考值为76.33%;氨基酸需求量参考值,如赖氨酸(Lys)为5.49%,蛋氨酸(Met)为2.63%;脂肪的需求量参考值为12.71%,DHA为4.17%,EPA为0.98%;微量元素需求量参考值,如Zn为2.77 mg/kg,Cu为0.19 mg/kg(干重基础)。     

斑节对虾虾苗活力检测方法

该研究通过肉眼观察、镜检，进行干露、饥饿、盐度突降、福尔马林等抗性试验，并采用病毒检测等方法，以期建立评估斑节对虾（Penaeus monodon）虾苗活力和质量标准。结果表明，斑节对虾健康虾苗具有趋光性、集群性，体表光洁，肌肉透亮，肠胃食物充盈等特性。测试虾苗干露时间以15min为宜，健康虾苗干露后能立即恢复活力，而病弱虾苗多出现死亡、昏迷现象；虾苗的成活率随饥饿时间的延长而降低，随福尔马林浓度升高和时间延长而降低，随盐度突降幅度增加而降低。健康虾苗能忍受100～200μL·L^-1福尔马林溶液30min，成活率近100％；在盐度20～30下虾苗的成活情况较好，而其在淡水中仅能存活1h。对虾苗进行病毒检测，可以避免养殖中因虾苗携带病毒而可能导致的病毒性疾病的暴发。     

母猪胎衣不下的病因与防治要点

猪的胎盘属于弥散型胎盘,这种胎盘的结构特点和饲养管理的不当,常常导致母猪胎衣不下发生,给生猪的生产繁殖带来极大损失。本文针对母猪胎衣不下发生病因、综合防治进行详细阐述,旨在对预防和治疗胎衣不下能有所帮助。     

Histopathology of respiratory organs of certain air-breathing fishes of India

Air-breathing fishes have evolved bimodal respiratory mechanisms for exploitation of water (through gills and highly vascularized skin) as well as atmospheric air (through aerial respiratory organs, ABO). Mucous cells in these respiratory organs of variously stressed fishes exhibit periodic fluctuations in their density and staining properties. The main types of damage in the gills include congestion of blood capillaries (BLCs), periodic lifting and sloughing of respiratory epithelia of the secondary lamellae causing haemorrhage, extensive fusion of secondary lamellae and hyperplasia of the respiratory epithelia due to uncontrolled regeneration leading to asphyxiation, altered excretion, and death of the fish. Haemolysis has also been observed following lead exposure. The damage in the ABO of Heteropneustes fossilis includes sloughing of the epithelial cells, leading to haemorrhage causing decreased red blood corpuscles density and degeneration of the secondary gill lamellae with reduced respiratory area. Subsequent hyperplasia of the respiratory epithelia and fusion of gill lamellae increase the respiratory barrier distance. The BLCs often bulge out and protrude into the lumen, bringing blood nearer to air. The ladder-like pillar cell (PLC)-BLC components of the gill lamellae frequently collapse. Damage to the ABO of Channa striata is less severe. Often haemorrhaging due to bursting of extensively stretched BLCs causes aerial respiratory failure. Chloride cells of the ABOs also show hyperplasia. While the highly mucogenic epidermis of C. striata shows less damage, the epidermis of Clarias batrachus and H. fossilis shows severe wear and tear, sloughing, and haemorrhage. Side-by-side regeneration continues, causing altered histomorphology of the epidermis. The different gland cells also show periodic fluctuations in their density and staining. The dermis also shows severe damage with loosening of their connective tissue fibres. These fibres give stronger reactions for sulfated mucin that not only retain additional water molecules for continuance of skin breathing, but also bind the toxic ambient pollutants.     

水硬度对七彩神仙鱼幼鱼发育的影响

采用不同硬度的水对七彩神仙鱼幼鱼进行饲养。6周龄幼鱼在硬度为7.94°dH±0.30°dH时饲养84d后,比在硬度为14.71°dH±0.23°dH水中的幼鱼个体大,生长速度快。表明较高硬度的水有利于七彩神仙鱼幼鱼的生长发育。     

头足类耳石微化学研究进展

耳石是位于平衡囊内起平衡作用的一对钙化组织,它是头足类的加速度感应器,记录其生命周期内的生物和生态信息。随着鱼类耳石微化学研究及应用的日趋成熟与完善,头足类耳石的相应研究也逐渐兴起。目前头足类耳石微化学的研究内容主要包括无机和有机大分子、微量元素、同位素、微化学标记等方面,其中微量元素是应用研究的重点,在头足类种群识别、生活史分析及栖息环境重建等方面发挥了重要作用。分析认为,头足类微量元素在与栖息环境尤其水温关系的研究中取得了很好的结果,被认为是测定头足类生活水温的温度计。然而,涉及种群识别、生活史分析以及与盐度和食物关系的研究还不够充分,且多集中于Sr/Ca的研究。因此,建议在今后的研究中要综合多种研究方法按时间和空间序列从日轮水平分析多种微量元素的含量与变化。     

鱼类热忍耐温度研究进展

The paper is a review of the studies on the temperature of the thermal tolerance in fishes. It was described from four aspect: (1) The key parameters of temperature of thermal tolerance in fishes; (2) The influence factors of temperature of thermal tolerance in fishes; (3) The research methods of thermal effect of fishes; (4) The evaluation of effects of thermal pollution on fishes, especially, with the coastal power station will be‘built in China recent years, the effects of thermal discharge water on the marine fisheries resource wered iscussed.     

脂质体介导的鲫CAB细胞转化及转化细胞的核移植

采用脂质体法成功地使gfp基因转入鲫囊胚细胞株CAB细胞基因组，获得了具有G418抗性的细胞。以转化细胞为供体，银鲫卵为受体，核移植得到了转基因的囊胚和原肠胚；并发现4℃处理细胞24h能显著改善核移植胚胎的发育。     

不同品系盐生杜氏藻培养技术的研究

4种不同品系盐生杜氏藻培养结果表明：常温下,A33是最适宜培养的藻种,经4天培养,藻细胞密度可达到114×104cell／ml,细胞生长率达到0．369;其次是A23、A140、A5藻种,细胞生长率分别为0．317、0．314、0．234。控温条件下,4种品系杜氏藻细胞生长速度明显增高,是常温条件下的1．2倍。     

K^＋对几种海胆幼虫变态的诱导效果

K^ 是对海洋底栖无脊椎动物幼虫诱导普遍有效的无机离子。本文探讨了K^ 对红海胆等9种胆的变态诱导效果，分析了其安全使用浓度、处理时间等技术。对有关因子对变态率的影响进行了对比。     

虾夷扇贝（Patinopecten yessoensi）亲贝的升温与积温对育苗效果的影响

在虾夷扇贝人工育苗中，积温是衡量亲贝成熟程度的重要标志。试验表明，当4℃以上的有效积温达到80．6～85.3℃时是人工采卵的最佳时机，可取得最佳的育苗效果     

氯氰菊酯暴露对草鱼4种器官组织结构的影响

通过氯氰菊酯对草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)幼鱼(9.30±0.48)g的急性毒性实验及对鳃、肝、肾、脾的组织学研究,探讨了随着氯氰菊酯浓度的增加以及暴露时间的延长草鱼组织结构损伤的变化趋势.结果显示:氯氰菊酯对草鱼种的48 h-LC50和96 h-LC50分别为55.21μg/L和25.00...     

台风对江苏近海海表温度的影响分析与探讨

利用中国台风网"CMA-STI热带气旋最佳路径资料数据"和多卫星遥感观测资料,本文对2011年09号梅花台风、2011年06号马鞍台风和2012年10号达维台风在发展过程对中国江苏近海海域海温的影响进行了分析与探讨,并辅助以沿岸的海温实测资料进行对比验证,借此提高对近海海域上层海洋物理环境对台风响应的认识。分析结果表明,台风对近海SST的影响程度与台风自身强度和台风的移动路径密切相关,近海SST降低区域一般位于台风路径的右侧,最大SST降低一般滞后台风中心两天或一天。当台风在远海活动并靠近江苏近海时,江苏近海海域SST略有上升;当台风进入江苏近海时,近海海域SST大幅降低;登陆台风在登陆后近海才出现最大降温。     

外源性谷氨酰胺对肉仔鸡空肠发育的影响

进一步研究谷氨酰胺(Gln)在促进肠道发育、免疫功能,提高机体对创伤、感染等应激状态下的适应性方面的作用机理,本试验选择1日龄艾维因肉仔鸡160只,按公母均分的原则随机分成4组,各处理组环磷酰胺注射剂量为4mg/kg,免疫抑制于试验第三周进行。Ⅰ组为对照组饲喂基础日粮,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组为试验组分别在基础日粮的基础上添加质量分数为0.1%、0.2%、0.4%的Gln进行饲喂,建立谷氨酰胺对环磷酰胺免疫抑制艾维因肉仔鸡调节作用的动物模型,测定机体空肠指数、绒毛直径和固有膜厚度,为Gln在生产上促进肉仔鸡肠道发育、预防免疫抑制及抵抗应激损伤作用提供依据。     

合浦珠母贝选育家系的遗传多样性分析

该研究选取具有多态性的6对微卫星引物对构建的2批合浦珠母贝(Pinctada fucata)完全双列杂交家系的遗传多样性进行了分析。6个微卫星标记在9个家系360个个体中共检测到32个等位基因,有效等位基因(Ne)为1.758 7~3.586 5,观测杂合度(Ho)为0.144 4~0.488 9,期望杂合度(He)为0.432 0~0.722 2,Shannon指数(I)为0.691 9~1.507 4。9个家系都有单态位点,平均Ho为0.129 2~0.466 7,平均He为0.155 0~0.439 6,平均I为0.248 5~0.712 2。有19个位点(占35.19%)极显著地偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡。各家系之间的遗传距离为0.109 0~1.137 2,遗传相似性系数为0.320 7~0.896 8。家系L4B46与L4B48的遗传距离最大,与D3D313的遗传距离最小。UPGMA法聚类分析显示,9个家系分为3支,L4B48单独成一支,B4D426、B4D427与D4B445聚成一支,其余家系聚成一支。该研究结果为合浦珠母贝家系选择育种的亲本选择与交配设计提供了科学依据。     

Application of macroinvertebrate multimetrics as a measure of the impact of anthropogenic modification of spring habitats

1. Springs are distinct freshwater habitats that are threatened globally by human impacts, but are not included in standard freshwater assessment tools. This study analysed how the standard macroinvertebrate metrics currently used in biomonitoring programmes for running waters perform in springs with similar ecological qualities but with a different degree of hydromorphological modification. Macroinvertebrate assemblages were analysed in 50 riparian springs along the Crvcka River in the Dinaric karst.
2. Most metrics analysed (ASPT, EPT_fam, PTH_fam, BMWP, STAR_ICMi, and Spring_ICMi) showed significant differences between hydromorphologically modified and natural, i.e. unmodified, springs.
3. A self‐organizing map (SOM), an unsupervised artificial neural network, was used for patterning and visualizing 10 environmental parameters and the metrics analysed. Most macroinvertebrate metrics, besides IBE (which did not show any pattern) and PTH_fam (which showed an opposite trend), had significantly lower values in the spring group with the highest electrical conductivity and the lowest discharge.
4. The study showed that hydromorphological modification does not necessarily lead to a loss of crenobiontic species, provided that the discharge and substrate composition remain suitable. Future coordinated conservation strategies must take into account the fact that spring species assemblages are sensitive to habitat structure and organic pollution, as has been achieved in Europe for rivers assessed under the Water Framework Directive.
5. Using multimetric indices, such as the new Spring_ICMi, may help to provide a framework for assessing the response of macroinvertebrate assemblages to human impacts. They may also help in assessing the success of measures used for the conservation and restoration of these threatened but highly valuable habitats. Further investigations should verify the suitability of such metrics in assessing the deterioration of springs globally.

     

3种[鱼央]体内微量元素测定与比较

测定了3种[鱼央]（白缘[鱼央]Liobagrus marginatua、拟缘[鱼央]Liobagrus，marginatoides、黑尾[鱼央]Liobagrus nigricauda）肝、肾、肌肉和尾鳍4种组织中铬、锰、铁、铜和锌的含量，并将其与鲫（Carassius auratus）、黄颡鱼（Pelteobagrus fulvidraco）进行了比较分析。结果显示：鱼体5种微量元素总量由高到低依次为：白缘[鱼央]、黑尾[鱼央]、拟缘[鱼央]、鲫、黄颡鱼；肌肉中5种元素含量由高到低依次为拟缘、黄颡鱼、鲫、黑尾[鱼央]、白缘[鱼央]；白缘[鱼央]对铬和锌的富集作用比较突出，在上述几种组织中肝脏的富集作用最强。     

盐度对菊黄东方鲀受精卵发育和仔稚鱼生长的影响

用人工授精法获得菊黄东方鲀(Fugn flavidus)受精卵,并置于5、10、15、20、25、30、35、40和45九个盐度梯度的海水中充气孵化,观察其孵化率;仔鱼盐度梯度同受精卵梯度,观察其成活率;对均重169mg的菊黄东方鲀稚鱼进行5、10、20、30和40五个盐度梯度的生长实验.结果表明:①菊黄东方鲀受精卵在盐度5～40均可孵化,最适盐度为30～35.②仔鱼的适盐能力较强,在5～40盐度条件下皆可存活,存活率为12～33.5%.③低盐度对菊黄东方鲀稚鱼生长更有利,最佳生长盐度在10左右,其日平均增重为67.2mg,比盐度5的日平均增重54.5mg高18.9%,比盐度40的日平均增重33.8mg高49.7%.     

世界主要经济金枪鱼的资源概况

本文综合概述了世界上6种经济价值较高的金枪鱼的种群和作业渔场分布，历年产量及资源利用状况。     

扇贝育苗场工程设计的新改进

在扇贝育苗场的工程设计中，通过增国加热池的泡沫分离装置、充气的泡沫净化装置、生物效应灯用二级沙滤池，提高水质标准，除去水中部分细菌，提高了单位水体出苗率和效益。