光照周期对中国对虾稚虾蜕皮和生长的影响

实验中国对虾 (FenneropenaeuschinensisOsbeck)的初始体重为 (0 .94 5± 0 .0 0 5 )g ( X±SE) ,投喂的饲料为人工配合饲料 ,实验的光照周期为 0L∶2 4D、2 4L∶0D、14D∶10L和 14L∶10D ,实验持续 35d。在 4种光照周期条件下 ,实验结果如下 :(1)中国对虾的特定生长率 (SGR)没有显著的差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;(2 )中国对虾的摄食量 (FI)没有显著的差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;(3)中国对虾的食物转化率 (FCE)没有显著的差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;(4 )中国对虾的蜕皮频率 (MF)不同 ,其中 ,2 4L∶0D和 0L∶2 4D下较低 ,14L∶10D和 14D∶10L下较高 ,且差异达到显著水平 (P <0 .0 5 )。实验结果表明 :光照周期影响中国对虾用在蜕皮上的能量分配 ,中国对虾的蜕皮频率存在一定的差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,但由于对中国对虾的摄食量和食物转化率没有影响 ,中国对虾用在生长的能量比例相近 ,故对中国对虾的生长未产生显著的影响。与光照强度和光谱组成对中国对虾生长的影响的研究结果相比 ,在中国对虾的集约化养殖生产中 ,光照周期的选择是次要的     

不同光照周期对脊尾白虾生长、性腺发育以及血淋巴生化成分的影响

为探讨不同光照周期对脊尾白虾(Exopalaemon carinicauda)生长、性腺发育以及血淋巴生化成分的影响,本研究挑选体质量为(0.71±0.05) g、体长为(3.62±0.28) cm的脊尾白虾,在水温23~25℃、盐度22~24、pH 7.8~8.1、光照强度为1000 lx的养殖条件下,测定其在5种光照周期(全光照L、16L︰8D、12L︰12D、8L︰16D、全黑暗D,L表示光照时长,D表示黑暗时长)下的生长、性腺发育以及血淋巴生化成分等相关指标。结果显示,在存活率方面,全黑暗组最高[(86.67±5.77)%],其次为12L︰12D组[(83.33±8.82)%],再次为8L︰16D组[(80.00±3.33)%],3组之间无显著差异(P>0.05);在特定生长率方面,8L︰16D组的特定生长率为(2.49±0.20)%/d,显著高于全黑暗组(P<0.05);在蜕壳率方面,8L︰16D组蜕壳率最高,为(6.96±0.50)次/(尾·d)。性腺指数随光照时间的缩短逐渐增大,在光照时间为8L时达到最高值[(2.37±0.04)%],显著高于其他组(P<0.05);8L︰16D组卵巢成熟率为(42.93±4.57)%,显著高于全黑暗组(P<0.05);8L︰16D组卵巢相对长度在实验第30天时显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。8L︰16D组血淋巴蛋白质和胆固醇浓度显著高于全光照组、16L︰8D组和全黑暗组(P<0.05),与12L︰12D组无显著差异(P>0.05);8L︰16D组葡萄糖浓度显著高于全光照组和全黑暗组(P<0.05),与16L︰8D组和12L︰12D组差异不显著(P>0.05);8L︰16D组甘油三酯浓度显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。研究表明,不同光照周期对脊尾白虾生长、性腺发育以及血淋巴生化成分均产生不同程度的影响,8L︰16D是脊尾白虾亲虾促熟和工厂化养殖较为适宜的光照周期。     

强壮藻钩虾对中国明对虾与日本囊对虾生长和抗病力的影响

以强壮藻钩虾(以下简称钩虾)作为中国明对虾和日本囊对虾的天然饵料,以对虾人工配合饲料为对照研究钩虾对中国明对虾和日本囊对虾生长和抗病力的影响。对两种规格的中国明对虾[体质量分别为(0.33±0.0204)g和(2.07±0.184)g,分别记为SF组和MF组]和日本囊对虾[体质量为(0.25±0.018 1)g,记为SM组]分别投喂人工配合饲料和钩虾,养殖35 d。结果显示:(1)与人工配合饲料相比钩虾可以提高MF组和SM组对虾的特定生长率和SM组对虾的成活率;(2)钩虾可以显著提高SF组和SM组对虾血细胞总数(P<0.05);(3)钩虾可以显著提高3组对虾血清总蛋白含量(P<0.05)及SF组和SM组血蓝蛋白含量(P<0.05);(4)钩虾可以显著提高日本囊对虾溶菌酶活力(P<0.05);(5)钩虾可以显著提高FM组和SM组对虾酚氧化酶活力和超氧化物歧化酶活力(P<0.05);(6)钩虾可以显著性提高SF组和SM组对虾血清过氧化物酶相对活力(P<0.05);(7)对虾健康指标总得分与其感染WSSV后的100%致死时间关系密切,两者之间呈现一定的线性关系(R2=0.948 9)。研究结果表明,钩虾与对虾人工配合饲料相比可以促进中国明对虾和日本囊对虾的生长及提高对虾抗病力。     

投喂南极磷虾鲜肉对凡纳滨对虾生长、蜕皮及代谢水平的影响

为探究南极磷虾(Euphausia superba)作为饵料生物在凡纳滨对虾养殖中对其生长、蜕皮及代谢水平的影响,进行了间隔投喂试验,设置对照组(全程投喂配合饲料)、间4组(1天磷虾鲜肉和4天配合饲料间隔投喂)、间2组(1天磷虾鲜肉和2天配合饲料间隔投喂)、间1组(1天磷虾鲜肉和1天配合饲料间隔投喂)及全虾组(全程投喂磷虾鲜肉),养殖试验持续36 d。结果表明,间1组、间2组和间4组对虾体长(Lt)、体重(Wt)、特定生长率(SGR)、相对增重率(WGR)均高于对照组,但都与对照组无显著性差异(P0.05),间4组和间2组对虾成活率(SR)较对照组分别升高5%和10%,全虾组对虾Lt、Wt、SGR、WGR、SR均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。投喂磷虾鲜肉能够刺激对虾的蜕皮,其中,投喂磷虾鲜肉各组对虾平均日蜕皮率(ADMR)均高于对照组,在对虾日蜕皮率(DMR)≥10%天数上,全虾组间1组间4组对照组间2组。间1组和全虾组对虾血淋巴中胆固醇(T-CHO)水平显著高于对照组(P0.05),而全虾组葡萄糖(GLU)水平显著低于对照组(P0.05)。投喂磷虾鲜肉影响了对虾肝胰腺中代谢相关酶活力,其中,间2组和间1组对虾肝胰腺中磷酸果糖激酶(PFK)活力显著高于对照组(P0.05),全虾组对虾肝胰腺中丙酮酸激酶(PK)活力显著高于对照组(P0.05),间1组、间2组和全虾组对虾肝胰腺中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活力和琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)活力均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。综合以上结果,适量投喂南极磷虾鲜肉能够一定程度提高凡纳滨对虾的生长、蜕皮,影响对虾代谢水平。此外,南极磷虾鲜肉不宜投喂过多,以1天磷虾鲜肉和4天配合饲料间隔投喂为宜。     

光照对纤细裸藻生长及光合色素含量影响的研究

为探讨光照对纤细裸藻的生长以及光合色素含量的影响,将纤细裸藻分别置于不同光照度(0、1500、3000、4500、6000 lx)、光照周期(16L∶8D、14L∶10D、12L∶12D、10L∶14D、8L∶16D)、光质(绿光495~530 nm、蓝光450~480 nm、红光615~650 nm、白光450~465 nm、黄光580~595 nm)条件下于恒温光照培养箱中静置培养,进行细胞密度以及色素含量的测定。试验结果显示,光照度、光照周期和光质对纤细裸藻生长及光合色素质量浓度有显著影响( P <0.05)。光照度1500、3000、4500 lx对纤细裸藻的生长均有积极作用,其中3000 lx光照度作用最为显著,细胞生长状态良好,光合色素质量浓度也高于1500、4500 lx;光照周期16L∶8D、14L∶10D和12L∶12D对纤细裸藻的生长有促进作用,其中14L∶10D组生长状况和光合色素质量浓度均优于其他处理组,8L∶16D组使纤细裸藻的生长受到抑制,其色素质量浓度也显著低于其他处理组( P <0.05);蓝光与白光组对纤细裸藻生长有显著促进作用( P <0.05),蓝光条件下色素质量浓度达到最高,更利于光合色素的积累。试验结果表明,适宜纤细裸藻生长及光合色素积累的光照条件为:光照度3000 lx,光照周期14L∶10D,蓝光培养。     

低钙浓度波动对凡纳滨对虾稚虾蜕皮、生长及能量收支的影响

在实验室条件下,研究了不同Ca2+浓度波动幅度对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)稚虾蜕皮、生长和能量收支的影响。实验在水族箱内进行,实验对虾的初始体质量为(1.459±0.006)g,实验用水为人工海水,盐度为30,水温(25.0±0.5)℃,实验设恒定Ca2+质量浓度360mg/L为对照组(C360),4个实验组的Ca2+质量浓度波动幅度分别为60mg/L(C300)、120mg/L(C240)、180mg/L(C180)和240mg/L(C120),波动周期为4d。实验持续40d,主要实验结果如下:(1)不同Ca2+浓度处理下,对虾的蜕皮率存在一定的差异。其中,C120组对虾的蜕皮率最高,达(11.0±0.5)%/d,显著高于其他处理组(P0.05),而其他处理组之间差异不显著(P0.05)。(2)不同Ca2+浓度处理下,对虾的特定生长率(SGR)由大到小依次为C360、C300、C240、C180、C120。其中,C120组对虾的特定生长率显著低于其他处理组(P0.05),而其他处理组之间的差异未达到显著水平(P0.05)。(3)不同Ca2+浓度处理下,对虾的摄食率(FI)差异不显著,而对虾的食物转化效率(FCE)存在一定的差异。其中,C120组对虾的食物转化效率最低,显著低于其他处理组(P0.05),而其他处理组之间差异不显著(P0.05)。(4)不同Ca2+浓度波动对凡纳滨对虾稚虾的生长能、排粪能和蜕壳能占摄食能的比例影响显著(P0.05)。实验结果表明,水中Ca2+浓度波动幅度过大会刺激对虾蜕皮,一定程度上影响对虾的生长。     

不同饲料添加剂对日本囊对虾生长及非特异性免疫的影响

以初始体长为(4.70±0.36)cm的日本囊对虾(Marsupenaeus japonicus)为研究对象,探讨不同类型饲料添加剂对日本囊对虾生长及非特异性免疫的影响。实验设4个试验组(A~D组)和1个对照组(E组)分别投喂饲料:对照组为实验用配合饲料,A组为在配合饲料中添加0.1%的维生素C;B组为在配合饲料中添加0.16%的低聚糖;C组为在配合饲料中添加6×105cfu·g-1的芽孢杆菌;D组为混合添加组(由A、B、C 3组各1/3的量组合而成)。结果显示:与对照组相比,各试验组均显著提高了日本囊对虾的增长率(P0.05);A、B、D组显著提高了增重率和特定生长率(P0.05),但是各组间差异不显著;与其它试验组相比,D组中日本囊对虾的增重率和特定生长率均最高。非特异免疫结果发现,D组肌肉中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)和酚氧化酶(PO)的活力显著高于对照组(P0.05)。D组肝胰腺中SOD、T-AOC、PO活力显著高于对照组(P0.05),而ACP和AKP与对照组差异并不显著。研究结果表明,饲料中添加一定量的维生素C、低聚糖、芽孢杆菌及3种添加剂的复合制剂投喂日本囊对虾,可在一定程度上提高对虾的生长性能,改善非特异性免疫力。     

养殖密度、饵料种类和丰度对日本囊对虾(Marsupenaeus japonicus)争胜行为的影响

本研究设置10、25、50尾/m2 3个养殖密度,人工饵料、鲜菲律宾蛤仔肉两种饵料,不喂(N)、少喂(L)、饱喂(F) 3个处理,分别于投喂前1 h、投喂时、投喂后1 h测定日本囊对虾(Marsupenaeus japonicus)的争斗次数、平均优势指数等指标,分析养殖密度、饵料种类及丰度对日本囊对虾争胜行为的影响。结果显示,随着养殖密度的增加,对虾的争胜行为逐渐增强,投喂时与投喂前、投喂后对虾的争胜行为差异显著(P<0.05);投喂时对虾的争斗次数最多;饵料种类和丰度显著影响日本囊对虾的争胜行为,投喂菲律宾蛤仔肉的争胜行为强于投喂人工饵料(P<0.05),少喂与不喂、饱喂处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。研究表明,养殖密度、饵料种类及丰度均显著影响日本囊对虾的争胜行为。     

光照对中国对虾稚虾3种消化酶活力的影响

在实验室条件下研究光照(光照周期、光照强度和光色)对中国对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)稚虾3种消化酶(蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶)活力的影响。在本实验条件下,主要结果如下:(1)4种光照周期下,对虾3种消化酶的活力差异不显著(P>0.05);(2)在完全黑暗、6μmol.m-2.s-1、30μmol.m-2.s-1和110μmol.m-2.s-1光照强度下,对虾蛋白酶的活力分别为0.361 U.mg-1(protein)、0.081 U.mg-1(protein)、0.088 U.mg-1(protein)和0.273 U.mg-1(protein),完全黑暗和110μmol.m-2.s-1下的活力显著高于其他两个光照强度(P<0.05),且两者间的差异达到显著水平(P<0.05);中国对虾淀粉酶的活力分别为0.386 U.mg-1(protein)、0.095 U.mg-1(protein)、0.111 U.mg-1(protein)和0.315 U.mg-1(protein),完全黑暗和110μmol.m-2.s-1条件下的活力显著高于其他两个光照强度(P<0.05),两者间的差异亦达到显著水平(P<0.05);对虾脂肪酶的活力分别为0.147×10-2U.mg-1(protein)、0.150×10-2U.mg-1(protein)、0.170×10-2U.mg-1(protein)和0.183×10-2U.mg-1(protein),完全黑暗和110μmol.m-2.s-1条件下的活力差异达到显著水平(P<0.05);(3)不同光色下,对虾蛋白酶和淀粉酶的活力差异不显著(P>0.05),脂肪酶的活力则存在一定的差异,蓝光和黄光下,对虾脂肪酶的活力分别为0.093×10-2U.mg-1(protein)和0.107×10-2U.mg-1(protein),显著高于白光和绿光下的活力(P<0.05),但蓝光组和黄光组间的差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

pH对日本囊对虾的急性毒性初步研究

采用静水试验方法,研究低pH对日本囊对虾(Marsupenaeus japonicus)的急性毒性。试验用日本囊对虾平均体长(48. 87±4. 81) mm,设定pH梯度为3. 8、4. 1、4. 4、4. 7、5. 0,对照组pH为8. 0±0. 1,统计日本囊对虾在低pH胁迫下的死亡率,分析pH对日本囊对虾的半致死摩尔浓度(LC50)和半致死时间(LT50)。结果显示:在相同pH下,日本囊对虾的死亡率随时间延长而增加;在相同的胁迫时间内,日本囊对虾死亡情况与水体pH呈负相关(R <0,P <0. 01); pH对日本囊对虾胁迫48 h、72 h、96 h的半致死摩尔浓度(LC50)分别为:7. 907×10^-5、5. 140×10^-5和3. 673×10^-5mol/L,安全摩尔浓度(SC)为3. 673×10-6mol/L,对应的pH分别为4. 102、4. 289、4. 435、5. 435;水体pH 4. 1、pH 4. 4、pH 4. 7胁迫日本囊对虾的半致死时间(LT50)分别为58. 821、93. 771和139. 549 h。本研究可为研究日本囊对虾的养殖、对低pH的耐受性及耐低pH品系选育提供参考。     

Enhanced growth and retarded gonadal development of farmed rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) following a long‐day photoperiod

Long‐day photoperiods are considered as an effective managerial tool in manipulating of reproduction and somatic growth in a number of fish species. In this study, the effects of three different artificial photoperiods on the gonadal development and somatic growth of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss L.) were investigated. Two years‐old immature female rainbow trout (279.94 ±2.25 g) were exposed to three artificial photoperiod regimes of 24L:0D, 18L:6D and 6L:18D and natural light (NL) regime for 5 months. The highest gonadosomatic indices were recorded in NL and 6L:18D groups while the rates were significantly lower in fish maintained under 18L:6D and 24L:0D photoperiods (P < 0.05). Mean oocyte diameters in fish exposed to 24L:0D and also to 18L:6D were significantly lower than the 6L:18D and NL groups. Photoperiods with 24L:0D and 18L:6D regimes resulted in significantly higher mean final weights and specific growth rates (SGR) than NL regime. The highest mean final weight (635.45 ± 16.19 g) and SGR (1.03 ± 0.04% day^?1) were obtained under 24L:0D photoperiod. Fish exposed to 24L:0D and 18L:6D showed the highest condition factor as 1.44 ± 0.01 and 1.44 ± 0.02 respectively, when compared with the NL (1.27 ± 0.01) and 6L:18D (1.34 ± 0.02) groups. Basically, the results suggested that continuous artificial lightning can be used as an influential factor in delaying gonadal development and enhancing somatic growth in rainbow trout during gonadal growth phase.     

Growth performance and physiological responses in striped knifejaw, Oplegnathus fasciatus, held under different photoperiods

The growth performance and stress response in striped knifejaw, Oplegnathus fasciatus (body weight 100–300 g) reared under four photoperiods (6L:6D, 12L:12D, 16L:8D and 24L:0D) were investigated. Fish were fed a commercial diet to apparent satiation, two times a day for 8 weeks. A trial of acute handling and confinement stress was also carried out to investigate the stress-induced levels of different stress indicators in O. fasciatus. Blood was also collected from undisturbed fish which was considered as control. Although there were no significant differences in weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR) and feed conversion efficiency (FCE) in fish exposed to 6L:6D, 16L:8D and 24L:0D photoperiods, all parameters in these photoperiods were significantly higher than those of 12L:12D photoperiod (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in protein retention efficiency (PRE) between fish exposed to 16L:8D and 24L:0D photoperiods, but PRE in both photoperiods was significantly higher than that of 12L:12D photoperiod.Acute stress significantly increased the plasma levels of cortisol (110.3 ng ml^− 1) and glucose (195.4 mg dl^− 1), and decreased plasma levels of total protein (0.8 g dl^− 1); however, all parameters were returned back to the levels indistinguishable from those of control, undisturbed fish within 24 h. The levels of cortisol, glucose and total protein in fish exposed to different photoperiods during the study were far from the stress-induced levels (P < 0.05). The results demonstrated that the growth performance of O. fasciatus reared from 100 to 300 g can be stimulated significantly by using the manipulated photoperiods where feeding time may be playing an important role to increase food intake and feed conversion efficiency. It also revealed that the artificial photoperiods did not cause significant stress response in fish.     

蝇蛆粉替代鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾生长的影响

为探讨凡纳滨对虾饲料中用蝇蛆粉替代鱼粉的可行性及适宜的添加比例,研究了蝇蛆粉替代饲料中部分鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)生长、成活和饵料系数的影响。饲喂试验共持续了65 d。结果显示:当蝇蛆粉替代鱼粉添加量为7%时,试验中期(32 d)和末期对虾增重率(WGR)和特定生长率(SGR)均显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。在低于7%添加范围内,随着蝇蛆粉添加水平的增加对虾WGR和SGR逐渐提高,超过7%后,对虾WGR和SGR逐渐下降。试验中期和末期,17%添加组饵料系数均显著高于其余各组(P<0.05),7%添加组饵料系数略高于对照组但差异不显著。无论是中期还是末期,蝇蛆粉替代鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾的成活率未产生显著影响(P>0.05)。在凡纳滨对虾饲料中添加7%的蝇蛆粉替代鱼粉可促进对虾生长,利用蝇蛆粉替代对虾饲料中的部分鱼粉是可行的。     

不同光周期下欧洲舌齿鲈幼鱼生长、摄食和肌肉营养成分的比较

选取450尾欧洲舌齿鲈（）幼鱼，体长（13.50±0.52）cm，体重（46.04±0.61）g，监测其在5种光周期（0L：24D、8L：16D、12L：12D、16L：8D、24L：0D，L表示光照时间，D表示黑暗时间）下的生长、摄食及肌肉营养成分等相关指标。实验周期为60 d。结果表明，8L：16D处理组的欧洲舌齿鲈的日增重系数显著高于其他各组（<0.05）；0L：24D和8L：16D处理组粗脂肪含量分别较16L：8D处理组分别提高了19.70%和21.67%（<0.05）。5种光周期下的欧洲舌齿鲈幼鱼肌肉中均检测到17种氨基酸，其中8L：16D和12L：12D处理组的肌肉中氨基酸总含量较0L：24D组分别提高11.60%和9.16%（>0.05）；肌肉中二十碳五烯酸（EPA）与二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）总含量在8L：16D处理组中最高，为14.21%，在0L：24D处理组中最低，为12.30%。不同光照周期对欧洲舌齿鲈幼鱼生长、摄食和肌肉营养品质均产生了不同程度的影响，综上所述，8L：16D和12L：12D光照环境更适宜欧洲舌齿鲈的生长。     

Stimulation of growth performance without causing stress response in young red sea bream, Pagrus major (Temminck & Schlegel), by photoperiod manipulation

Three photoperiods (12L:12D, 16L:8D and 24L:0D) were used to investigate the growth performance and stress response in red sea bream, Pagrus major (body weight 200–400 g). Fish were fed a commercial diet to apparent satiation, two times a day for 8 weeks. Fish exposed to a 24L:0D photoperiod showed a significantly higher weight gain (%) than those exposed to other photoperiods (P<0.05). The best specific growth rate and feed conversion efficiency were achieved at 24L:0D and 16L:8D, without significant differences among them. Although fish exposed to 16L:8D showed a significantly higher plasma level of cortisol than those exposed to other photoperiods in the third week, there was no major variation in the cortisol level among the treatments either at the sixth week or at the end of this study. There were no significant differences either in the haematocrit level or the plasma levels of glucose, total cholesterol and total protein among the treatments during this study. The results revealed that the growth performance of red sea bream reared from 200 to 400 g can be stimulated significantly using a continuous (24L:0D) photoperiod without any measurable significant stress response in fish.     

The effect of photoperiod and feeding frequency on larval of the Amazonian ornamental fish Pyrrhulina brevis (Steindachner, 1876)

This study aimed to evaluate the performance of Pyrrhulina larvae, Pyrrhulina brevis, under different photoperiods and feeding frequencies. A completely randomized design was used, with four replicates in a 5 × 2 factorial, with five photoperiods (6L:18D, 12L:12D, 16L:8D, 20L:4D, 24L:0D) and two feeding frequencies (two or four times a day). Four hundred larvae with an initial length of 4.6 ± 0.09 mm were randomly distributed in 40, 1‐L containers at a density of 10 larvae/L. Feeding was performed with Artemia nauplii in the ratio of 150 Artemia nauplii/larva/feeding. After 15 days, all larvae were euthanized for measurements of length (mm), final weight (mg), survival rate (%) and larvae uniformity in weight an length (%). The data were subjected to analysis of variance and subsequently, in case of significance, a Tukey test was performed to compare means. There was no interaction between photoperiod and feeding frequency on studied variables (P > 0.05). Likewise, there was no influence of feed rate on the same variables (P > 0.05). There was only influence of photoperiod, where the larvae subjected to longest photoperiods (24L:0D and 20L:4D) showed improved weight and length (P < 0.05). Therefore, a photoperiod of 20L:4E, with feeding twice a day is recommended.     

养殖密度对饲料驯化期西伯利亚鲟生长的影响

研究了养殖密度对饲料驯化期西伯利亚鲟(Acipenser baerii)稚鱼生长和存活的影响。试验设置5个养殖密度(1.843、1.638、1.433、1.228、1.024 kg/m3)。试验期间采用依次投喂水蚯蚓、软颗粒饲料、硬颗粒饲料的驯养方法,逐步从活饵料转喂人工配合颗粒饲料。试验结果表明,最大密度组D1溶解氧达到最低值4.09 mg/L,接近鲟鱼正常生长发育的临界溶氧;高密度组D1、D2、D3和低密度组D4、D5死亡率和终体重差异显著(P<0.05);D3特定生长率(SGR)均值最大,D1、D2和D3、D4、D5的SGR差异显著(P<0.05);D4的终体重、日增重(DWG)、肥满度(CF)最大,各密度组对DWG、CF和体长及体重变异系数(CV)的影响较小(P>0.05)。试验期间从D1到D5组的死亡率依次为2.06%,1.99%,1.87%,1.68%和1.64%,CF为0.498～0.532,SGR平均值为11.16%～13.14%,体重CV为30.72%～33.54%,体长的CV为6.64%～9.94%。根据试验结果,建议饲料驯化期西伯利亚鲟稚鱼的适宜养殖密度控制在1.228～1.433 kg/m3,即直径2 m的玻璃缸每缸3 000～3 500尾。     

Effect of photoperiod and feeding frequency on growth and feed utilization of fingerlings Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus)

The effects of photoperiod (12L:12D and 18L:6D) and feeding frequency (three, four and five evenly spaced daily feedings) of 10% biomass per day during light hours on growth and stress response of Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) fingerlings were evaluated. The interaction between photoperiod and feeding frequency was not significant (P>0.05). Faster growth was observed in fish exposed to an 18L:6D photoperiod (P<0.01). The feed conversion efficiency (FCE) was also better with an 18L:6D photoperiod (P<0.05). Fish fed four and five meals per day grew similarly (P>0.05) and faster than when fed only three meals (P<0.01). The FCE with four or five meals per day was better than with three meals (P<0.05). At harvest, the proximate composition was similar in all treatments (P>0.05). Stress indicators (cortisol, glucose and haematocrit) did not differ between photoperiods (P<0.05). The results showed that 0.9–8.0 g Persian sturgeon fingerlings should be reared with an 18L:6D photoperiod and fed four times per day to obtain good growth and FCE.