温度和光照对塔胞藻生长的影响

采用梯度法比较了温度、光照度、光照周期对一次性培养的塔胞藻生长的影响。结果表明:塔胞藻对温度的适应范围较广,10~30℃时塔胞藻均可生长,24~28℃为塔胞藻生长的最适温度;光照度4000~10 000 lx时,塔胞藻生物量随光照度的增加而增大,并在10 000 lx时达到最大;塔胞藻在光照周期为16L∶8D时生长最快。     

光、温对鼠尾藻卵子排放和幼孢子体生长的影响

以成熟的鼠尾藻生殖托为材料,研究了不同温度(13～23℃)、光照度(3000～12000lx)和光照周期(15L∶9D,12L∶12D,9L∶16D)对鼠尾藻排卵及幼孢子体生长的影响。结果显示,温度在20～23℃范围,有利于鼠尾藻卵子的排放;在3000～12000lx范围内,光照度越高,越有利于鼠尾藻卵子的排放;光周期不是影响卵子排放的主要因素,光照度是鼠尾藻幼孢子体生长的重要因子;温度是制约鼠尾藻幼孢子体生长的关键因子,水温低于16℃时不利于幼孢子体的快速生长。     

理化因子对原绿球藻生长及其色素含量的影响

以COA为基础培养基，进行了光照、温度、盐度等理化因子对原绿球藻生长和色素含量影响的单因子试验。试验结果表明，原绿球藻适宜生长的光照度为500～2500lx，最适光照度为500～1000lx：适宜生长的温度为10～30℃，最适温度为25～30℃；适宜生长的盐度为0～44．9，最适盐度为13．7～33．4；适宜生长的pH5～11，最适pH8～10；最适氮源为NH4-N，其次为（NH2）2CO；适宜生长的氮（NH4Cl）质量浓度为5～25mg／L，最适质量浓度为15～25mg／L。理化因子对该藻色素含量的影响与其生长相吻合。     

光环境因子对豹纹鳃棘鲈幼鱼栖息特性的影响

以豹纹鳃棘鲈[全长(17.5±0.6)cm、体质量(205.2±1.7)g]为研究对象,分别采用光梯度法和正交试验法,在小型循环水养殖系统中一个特制的养殖水槽和一组常规的养殖水槽内探究了豹纹鳃棘鲈幼鱼对白、蓝、绿、黄和红5种光环境的喜好性和三原色(红色A1、绿色A2、蓝色A3)及光周期(16L︰8D,B1;12L︰12D,B2;8L︰16D,B3)和光照度(1000lx,C1;1500lx,C2;2000lx,C3)对豹纹鳃棘鲈幼鱼栖息的影响。结果表明,光色和光照度对幼鱼幼鱼的栖息习性均有显著影响,在试验设定的光色和光照度范围内,同光色照射下,随着光照度的升高,幼鱼对光照度的敏感性越来越低,在不同光照度下的分布率差异不显著(P0.05);同强度光照射下,光波长越大,幼鱼分布率越高,随着光照度的升高,幼鱼对光波长的敏感度逐渐降低,但在不同光色下的分布率显著差异(P0.05)。正交试验结果,光色对豹纹鳃棘鲈幼鱼的栖息有显著影响(P0.05),光周期和光照度对豹纹鳃棘鲈栖息影响不显著(P0.05);极差分析结果,豹纹鳃棘鲈幼鱼最适宜栖息的光照环境是绿色光;光周期16L∶8D;光照度1500lx;影响豹纹鳃棘鲈幼鱼栖息的主要光照因子是光色,其次是光照度和光照周期。     

巨藻幼苗光合、呼吸作用的初步研究

为了研究巨藻幼苗发育及生理生态适应性规律,以巨藻配子体为材料,研究光照周期(10 L∶14 D、12 L∶12 D、14 L∶10 D、16 L∶8 D)对配子体采苗的影响;以光照强度、温度、营养盐浓度3种环境因子设置单因素实验,研究其对巨藻幼苗(0.5~1 cm)的表观光合速率(Pn)、暗呼吸速率(Rd)及相对生长速率(relative growth rate,RGR)的影响,并进行上述3因素对RGR的正交实验。结果显示:(1)10 d后显微观察发现,长光照周期(14 L∶10 D、16 L∶8 D)下采苗效果较好,配子体大量发育为孢子体。(2)光强为70μmol/(m2·s)、温度为13℃和氮营养盐浓度为2 mg/L(N/P=10∶1,下同)的条件下幼苗的RGR较大,表观光合速率较强。90μmol/(m2·s)光强组的幼苗生长受到抑制,其RGR显著小于其他实验组。10℃组的RGR显著小于13℃(P0.05)。氮营养盐浓度上升到8 mg/L,RGR显著降低。(3)随着营养盐浓度的增加,幼苗的表观光合速率、暗呼吸速率整体呈现上升趋势,0.2 mg/L组的Pn显著小于6 mg/L、8 mg/L组,且Rd与其他组差异性显著(P0.05)。(4)相同光强下,温度升高,Pn随之降低,在40~80μmol/(m2·s),10℃、13℃组与16℃、19℃组的Pn差异性显著。经正交实验验证,适宜巨藻幼苗培养条件为光照强度40~70μmol/(m2·s)、温度13℃、氮营养盐浓度2 mg/L。     

水流和光照条件对舌状蜈蚣藻Grateloupia livida(Harv)Yamad果孢子萌发生长的影响

在不同水流和不同光照条件下,分别对舌状蜈蚣藻Grateloupia livida(Harv)Yamad果孢子萌发情况展开研究,以期为其苗种生产奠定基础。舌状蜈蚣藻果孢子在附着1 d、15 d后,置于不同水流速度(0、1、1.5、4、7、10、14 cm/s;1.5 cm/s流速由充气控制,其他流速由流水装置控制)培养20 d;舌状蜈蚣藻果孢子附着1 d后,在不同光照周期(6L∶18D、8L∶16D、10L∶14D、12L∶12D、14L∶10D、16L∶8D)和不同光照强度(35、85、135μmol photons/m~2·s)交叉条件下培养70 d。结果显示,附着1 d的果孢子萌发体在静止条件下的萌发生长明显优于其他水流速度下的(P0.05);附着15 d的果孢子萌发体在1.5 cm/s流速下的萌发生长最好(P0.05),在静止条件下的萌发生长明显慢于其他流速下的各组(P0.05)。光照周期和光照强度对果孢子萌发生长的影响显著(P0.05),这二者对盘状体和孢苗生长的影响具有交互作用(P0.05),对盘状体萌发出直立体的影响没有交互作用(P0.05)。光照时间为8–10 h,盘状体萌发直立体的百分率以及孢苗的高度明显高于其他光照时间下的各组。光照强度为35μmol photons/m~2·s时,盘状体萌发直立体的百分率以及孢苗的高度明显比其他光照强度下的高。研究表明,在舌状蜈蚣藻育苗生产中,可采取孢子刚附着时静水培养,附苗后15 d充气培养,并控制光照时间为8–10 h和光照强度为35μmol photons/m~2·s。     

室外培养参数对光合细菌生长的影响

本试验选择5L无色透明聚乙烯塑料瓶作为培养容器,接种后置于室外自然光源下进行光照培养。采用单因子优化试验探讨不同的光照度、初始pH值、初始接种浓度、氧需求程度、摇动次数等对光合细菌生长的影响。结果表明:其最适光照度6 000~8 000lx、初始pH值为7.0~7.5、最佳接种量为30%、厌氧培养、每天摇动1~2次,一般培养6d可使光合细菌活菌数≥4×109个/mL,杂菌率≤10%。     

水流和光照条件对舌状蜈蚣藻Grateloupia livida (Harv)Yamad果孢子萌发生长的影响

在不同水流和不同光照条件下，分别对舌状蜈蚣藻Grateloupia livida (Harv)Yamad果孢子萌发情况展开研究，以期为其苗种生产奠定基础。舌状蜈蚣藻果孢子在附着1 d、15 d后，置于不同水流速度(0、1、1.5、4、7、10、14 cm/s；1.5 cm/s流速由充气控制，其他流速由流水装置控制)培养20 d；舌状蜈蚣藻果孢子附着1 d后，在不同光照周期(6L∶18D、8L∶16D、10L∶14D、12L∶12D、14L∶10D、16L∶8D)和不同光照强度(35、85、135 µmol photons/m2·s)交叉条件下培养70 d。结果显示，附着1 d的果孢子萌发体在静止条件下的萌发生长明显优于其他水流速度下的(P<0.05)；附着15 d的果孢子萌发体在1.5 cm/s流速下的萌发生长最好(P<0.05)，在静止条件下的萌发生长明显慢于其他流速下的各组(P<0.05)。光照周期和光照强度对果孢子萌发生长的影响显著(P<0.05)，这二者对盘状体和孢苗生长的影响具有交互作用(P<0.05)，对盘状体萌发出直立体的影响没有交互作用(P>0.05)。光照时间为8–10 h，盘状体萌发直立体的百分率以及孢苗的高度明显高于其他光照时间下的各组。光照强度为35 µmol photons/m2·s时，盘状体萌发直立体的百分率以及孢苗的高度明显比其他光照强度下的高。研究表明，在舌状蜈蚣藻育苗生产中，可采取孢子刚附着时静水培养，附苗后15 d充气培养，并控制光照时间为8–10 h和光照强度为35 µmol photons/ m2·s。     

温度和光照条件对裙带菜配子体生长的影响

通过设置不同的培养条件,检验温度、光照强度和光照周期对裙带菜雌配子体生长的影响。第一步设置3个温度条件(12℃、16℃、20℃)和5个光照强度条件(1 000、1 500、2 000、2 500、3 000lx)进行全析因方差设计,得出最适温度条件和光照强度;第二步,在最适温度条件下,设置2个光照周期(24h持续光照和光暗周期D∶L=12∶12)和不同光照强度,检验不同光照强度条件和光照周期对配子体生长的影响。在以上实验的基础上,根据最适温度条件和光照周期,设置不同光照强度检验其对配子体鲜重量生长的影响。实验结果显示:裙带菜雌配子体最适宜的在温度为16℃,光照强度为2 500lx,周期为24h持续光照。     

磷浓度对盐生杜氏藻和纤细角毛藻叶绿素荧光特性及生长的影响

在温度(23±1)℃,盐度31,光照度5000 lx的条件下,用含有不同磷浓度(0、2.27、18.15、36.3、72.6、290.4μmol/L)的培养基对盐生杜氏藻和纤细角毛藻进行培养,研究2种微藻在一次性培养过程中,不同磷浓度对其PSII最大光能转化效率(Fv/Fm)、叶绿素含量以及细胞密度的影响。单因子方差分析结果表明,在整个培养周期中,磷浓度对两种微藻的光合作用及生长均有显著影响(P<0.05)。盐生杜氏藻的PSII最大光能转化效率、叶绿素含量以及细胞密度均随着起始磷浓度的增加而增加,在290.4μmol/L处达到最大值;纤细角毛藻的PSII最大光能转化效率、叶绿素含量以及细胞密度在18.15μmol/L处达到最大值,而后随着磷浓度的继续升高,其上述指标反而降低。所以盐生杜氏藻和纤细角毛藻进行光合作用和生长的最适磷浓度分别为290.4μmol/L和18.15μmol/L。     

The effect of light intensity on the growth of Brachymystax lenok (Pallas, 1773)

A 35‐day experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of light intensity on growth of Brachymystax lenok under different light intensities: 10, 70, 240 and 1000 lx. Fish(5.5 ± 0.24 g)used in the experiment were fed to satiation twice a day (08:00 hours, 14:00 hours).The photoperiod was 12L:12D (08:00–20:00 hours). The specific growth rate(SGR) of B. lenok under lower intensities(10 lx,70 lx)was significantly higher than the other groups(P < 0.05).No significant difference in feed intake was observed at different light intensities, but feed efficiency (FE) in wet weight at lower intensities (1070 lx) was higher than that at higher intensities(240,1000 lx) (P < 0.05).The final survival rate of juveniles varied from 86.33% to 93.66%,and there was no significant difference between experimental groups. The tested fish under higher light intensities (240 and 1000 lx) spent much more energy in respiration and excretion while depositing less energy for growth than those fish under lower light intensities. It is concluded that light intensity significantly affected growth and optimal light intensity for B. lenok juveniles was about 10–70 lx.     

艾比湖卤虫滞育诱导的临界光周期和感知光照度的研究

卤虫具有滞育模式(卵生)和非滞育模式(卵胎生)两种繁殖模式,而光周期可能是影响其繁殖模式的重要的环境因子,因此明确其临界光周期和感知光照度对于有效地调控卤虫滞育、繁殖等将具有重要实践意义。本研究在实验室条件下研究了艾比湖卤虫的临界光周期和感知光照度,结果表明,在常规养殖盐度(80)和温度(25℃)条件下,艾比湖卤虫的光反应曲线与典型的长日照反应型滞育昆虫类似,在非极端光周期下,艾比湖卤虫的临界光暗时长为(8.38±0.37)h,相应的临界日长为15.62h;在极端光周期下,24h光暗时长,滞育率为(32.42±6.70)%,极显著低于邻近长光暗时长滞育率(P0.01);0h光暗时长,滞育率为(19.01±5.98)%,较邻近短光暗时长滞育率略高,但差异不显著(P0.05)。感知光照度试验表明,艾比湖卤虫感知光照度可能处于10~50lx。本研究为卤虫的滞育诱导和繁殖模式的光控化养殖提供了重要的科学基础。     

温度、光照强度对舌状蜈蚣藻早期发育的影响

舌状蜈蚣藻（Grateloupia livida）是一种具有较高应用价值的红藻。文章研究了不同的温度（15℃、20℃、25℃和30℃）和光照强度（500 lx、2500 lx、5 000 lx和10 000 lx）对舌状蜈蚣藻早期发育的影响。试验结果表明,舌状蜈蚣藻适合果孢子发育为盘状体的条件为温度25℃、光照5 000 lx。果孢子在25~30℃条件下首先形成盘状体,15℃下形成最慢;盘状体在25℃首先长出直立枝,其次是20℃、15℃和30℃。果孢子在5 000~10 000 lx的光照强度下首先形成盘状体,2 500 lx次之;在盘状体发育过程中较高光强可以促进盘状体的生长发育,低光强培养条件显著抑制了盘状体的生长发育。     

Effects of different photoperiods on growth, stress and haematological parameters in juvenile great sturgeon Huso huso

The effects of constant light (24L:00D), no light (00L:24D) and two light–dark periods (18L:06D;12L:12D) on the growth, stress and haematological variables were assessed in juvenile great sturgeon, Huso huso . During the 8-week experimental period, juveniles (22.5 ± 0.6 g) were kept under a 150 lx light intensity in fibreglass tanks (0.8 m², 500 L). Differences in growth were insignificant during the experiment, but lactate levels were higher in the 00L:24D and 24L:00D photoperiods compared with 12L:12D and 18L:06D photoperiods. Cortisol levels did not show differences among the various photoperiods. At the end of the experimental period, fish reared under a 12L:12D photoperiod had higher haemoglobin values and erythrocyte numbers than in the other photoperiods, while no differences were found between groups with regard to haematocrit values or leucocyte numbers. The highest survival rate (89%) was observed in the 12L:12D period in which the levels of lactate and cortisol as stress indicators were minimal. The results indicate that various photoperiods cause different stress levels in juvenile great sturgeon and have no significant effects on growth, at least in short time periods.     

光照强度对拟穴青蟹幼体生长及能量收支的影响

以拟穴青蟹为研究对象,研究了1 000 lx、3 000 lx、5 000 lx、7 000 lx、9 000 lx五组光照强度对其溢状幼体蜕皮、生长及能量收支的影响.结果表明:(1)1 000 lx试验组幼体从第4期潘状幼体(Z<,4>)阶段起即期变态成活率明显下降,全部实验幼体最终均不能变态为大眼幼体(M);5 0...     

Photoperiod influences the growth, food intake, feed efficiency and digestibility of red sea bream (Pagrus major)

Two consecutive trials were conducted to investigate the effects of photoperiod manipulation on growth rate, food intake and feed conversion efficiency (Trial 1), and the digestibility of nutrients and energy (Trial 2) in red sea bream, Pagrus major (body weight 19–120 g). Fish were exposed to four photoperiods (6L:6D, 12L:12D, 16L:8D and 24L:0D) with light intensity 1500 lx on the water surface. The fish were fed with a commercial diet to apparent satiation. In Trial 2, 0.5% chromic oxide (Cr₂O₃) was used as an inert marker. Significantly higher weight gain and specific growth rates were observed in fish exposed to a 24L:0D photoperiod followed by 16L:8D, 6L:6D and 12L:12D photoperiods (P < 0.05). Food intake and feed conversion efficiency (FCE) were also significantly higher in fish exposed to 24L:0D followed by 16L:8D, 6L:6D and 12L:12D photoperiods (P < 0.05). Fish exposed to 24L:0D and 16L:8D photoperiods showed significantly higher lipid and energy digestibility than those exposed to a 12L:12D photoperiod (P < 0.05). The results demonstrated that the enhancement of growth performances under 16L:8D and 24L:0D photoperiods were attributed to improved appetite, greater food intake and higher feed conversion efficiency as well as higher digestibility.     

Effects of salinity, aeration and light intensity on oil globule absorption, feeding incidence, growth and survival of early-stage grouper Epinephelus coioides larvae

ABSTRACT: A series of experiments were conducted to examine the effects of salinity, aeration and light intensity on oil globule absorption, feeding incidence, and growth and survival of early-stage Epinephelus coioides larvae. Newly hatched larvae were transferred to 40-L aquaria at a density of 1500 individuals/aquarium. Larvae were exposed to different levels of aeration (0 mL/min per L, 0.62 mL/min per L, 1.25 mL/min per L, 2.50 mL/min per L, or 3.75 mL/min per L); salinity (8 ppt, 16 ppt, 24 ppt, 32 ppt, or 40 ppt); and light intensity (0 lx, 120 lx, 230 lx, 500 lx, or 700 lx) for 4–6 days. Twenty larvae were sampled daily at 11:00 hours to measure for total length (TL), oil globule volume, and feeding incidence. Survival rates were determined by counting the total number of larvae remaining in each aquarium at the end of the experiment. Significantly higher survival rates ( P   <  0.05) were observed at aeration levels of 0.62 mL/min per L and 1.25 mL/min per L, at salinity levels of 16 ppt and 24 ppt, and at light intensities of 500 lx and 700 lx. The influence of aeration level, salinity and light intensity on oil globule absorption, feeding incidence, and growth and survival of early-stage grouper larvae are discussed.     

Effects of Light Intensity on the Growth Performance and Stress Response in Striped Knifejaw, (Oplegnathus fasciatus)

Six light intensities (50, 100, 200, 400, 800, and 1500 lx) were used under a photoperiod of 16 h light : 8 h dark (16L : 8D) to investigate the growth performance and stress response of striped knifejaw, Oplegnathus fasciatus. Forty juveniles of mean weight approximately 27 g were randomly distributed into each of eighteen 300 L tanks, fed to apparent satiation two times a day for 8 wk. At the end of the rearing trial, there were no significant differences in final mean weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, condition factor, and survival among the treatments (P > 0.05). Although there was no significant difference in feed intake, fish exposed to 50–200 lx showed significantly higher feed efficiency (FE) compared to that of other treatments (P < 0.05). There was a decreasing trend in retention efficiency of protein and lipid with increasing light intensities (400–1500 lx), but there were no significant differences among the treatments. There were no significant differences in plasma levels of cortisol, glucose, and total protein among the treatments (P > 0.05). To consider the FE and given the fact that an intensity of 50 lx is insufficient to monitor fish activity during feeding, light intensity of 100–200 lx would be better for rearing of striped knifejaw.     

光照强度对琼枝麒麟菜生长及色素含量的影响

为了进一步提高琼枝麒麟菜的养殖产量,研究探讨了不同光照强度对琼枝麒麟菜生长及其色素含量的影响.琼枝麒麟菜对光照强度适应范围比较广,在光照强度500～11 000 lx均可生长.当光照强度在2 000～3 000 lx时,琼枝麒麟菜的日生长率为1.5％,叶绿素浓度95.5 μg/g,为最大.随着光照强度的增加,藻蓝蛋白(PC),别藻蓝蛋白(APC)和藻红蛋白(PE)的浓度分别下降;琼枝麒麟菜表面颜色也会逐渐发生改变,由棕红色变成黄绿色.光照强度对琼枝麒麟菜生长率和色素含量有很大的影响.