气候变化对鲑鳟鱼类栖息环境及相关生物学的影响

鲑鳟鱼类作为对温度和周围环境比较敏感的冷水性鱼类，气候变化尤其是全球温度升高引起环境的相关变化对其影响明显。本文针对国内外有关气候变化对鲑鳟鱼类栖息地及相关生物学影响的研究情况，先从从栖息地环境方面阐述了气候变化对水生生物的影响，又从温度、CO2浓度、降雨量及酸雨的增加、紫外线辐射增强和鱼病的传播等方面探讨气候变化对鲑...     

鲑鳟鱼类精子超低温保存研究进展

鱼类精子超低温冷冻保存技术发展至今已有60年的历史,取得了巨大的成就,尤其在鲑科鱼类的精液冷冻保存及应用方面。经过统计发现,国外学者在精子超低温冷冻方面取得的主要突破都集中在鲑鳟鱼类领域。本文综述了鲑鳟鱼类精子超低温保存技术的发展史、相应的关键技术和冷冻保存研究的意义、基本生物学原理以及有关精液冷冻保存的研究现状与进展。     

过氧化氢作为鲑鳟鱼类鱼病防治药物的应用

孔雀石绿和福尔马林长期以来就用于鲑鳟鱼类鱼卵水霉病和各种寄生虫性疾病治疗。然而 ,孔雀石绿由于有诱发畸形、鱼体残留影响不明等弊病 ,美国食品与药品管理局自 1 991年就已禁止用于水产养殖 ,而福尔马林由于有损害作业人员健康、引起鱼体甲醛残留、影响水域环境等弊病 ,在日本等许多国家现已限制使用。作为孔雀石绿和福尔马林等代用药物 ,近 1 0年来 ,美国、日本、丹麦等国家对过氧化氢对鲑鳟鱼类鱼卵水霉病、细菌性鳃病、三代虫病和鱼虱病防治效果进行大量研究。1　鲑鳟鱼类鱼卵水霉病治疗鲑鳟鱼类鱼卵水霉病危害由来已久 ,自鲑鳟鱼类…     

虹鳟生物学特性及养殖技术

介绍虹鳟生物学特性及对环境条件的要求；水质、pH、氨氮浓度、盐度、水温、水流、溶氧、稚鱼期管理、苗种、成鱼养殖技术，达到养殖鲑鳟鱼类条件要求。     

养殖鲑鳟鱼类鱼肉着色技术

1　前言作为鲑鳟鱼类海水网箱养殖实用技术之一 ,我们所实施的海水养殖鲑鳟鱼类鱼肉着色因适应国际市场需求 ,提高养殖生产效益 ,引起企业广泛关注。天然洄游鲑鳟鱼类依赖于来自饵料生物的类胡萝卜素色素虾青素 ,呈现深受消费者喜爱的橙红肉色。要想满足消费者需求 ,养殖洄游鲑鳟鱼类鱼肉必须着色成天色鲑鳟鱼类肉色。因而 ,在洄游鲑鳟鱼类养殖生产中 ,鱼肉着色至关重要。世界主要鲑鳟鱼类养殖国均对这一问题予以高度重视 ,并进行大量研究。我们所做尝试也主要依赖于借鉴世界各国 ,尤其是挪威、美国、日本、智利先进经验。由于鱼类不能合成…     

鲑鳟鱼类低温麻醉运输技术

人们通常所说的鲑鳟鱼类,是一个笼统的概念,它不是特指某一种鱼,而是鲑科鱼类的统称,在我国主要包括虹鳟、大西洋鲑、银鲑等。鲑鳟鱼类只能在低温水域中繁衍、生长,正常生长的上限水温很低,没有明显的下限温度,因此被称为冷水鱼。其中降海型鲑鳟鱼类是指能适应各种盐度,在淡水和海水中均能成活、生长的鲑鳟鱼类。     

鲑鳟鱼类寄生虫病研究进展与展望

鲑鳟鱼类是典型的冷水性鱼类，经济价值高，是世界重要经济养殖鱼类之一。然而，随着其养殖产量攀升，养殖密度增大，养殖环境恶化，鲑鳟鱼类寄生虫病的发生和危害也日趋频繁和严重，严重制约了产业的健康发展。鲑鳟鱼常见的、危害较为严重的寄生虫主要包括三代虫(Gyrodactylus)、鱼虱(Caligus rogercresseyi)、阿米巴原虫(Neoparamoeba perurans)、脑碘泡虫(Myxobolus cerebralis)、苔藓鲑四囊虫(Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae)和库道虫(Kudoa spp.)。这些寄生虫生活史简单，繁殖速度快，大多寄生在鱼体表面及体内的各种组织器官上，导致鱼体生长缓慢、抵抗力下降，引起鱼体损伤并造成死亡。在防治方法上，通过物理控制、化学药物和免疫治疗相结合的方法进行综合防控。本文对鲑鳟鱼常见寄生虫病领域的研究和成果进行简要综述，以期为鲑鳟鱼寄生虫病的研究和防治提供参考。     

鲑鳟鱼类对脂类的营养需求

本文对鲑鳟鱼类脂肪储存的部位、脂肪酸组成的特性以及对脂肪的消化、吸收、合成与利用进行简述，依据国内外研究结果总结出鲑鳟鱼类对脂类和脂肪酸的需求范围。     

青海鲑鳟鱼加工现状及发展建议

当前青海沿黄鲑鳟鱼网箱养殖发展迅猛,青海已成为国内重要的鲑鳟鱼网箱养殖基地。但目前水产品加工业严重滞后,成为制约鲑鳟鱼产业可持续发展的瓶颈问题。本文通过对省内主要鲑鳟鱼加工企业调查研究,分析目前加工行业存在的主要问题,提出了加工产业发展的建议。     

2015年北京市鲟鱼种业发展报告（四）

北京市鲟鱼、鲑鳟鱼创新团队组建于2012年4月，由北京市水产技术推广站牵头，整合了驻京中央科研院校和市属渔业研究单位科技资源，专门从事鲟鱼、鲑鳟鱼繁殖育种和养殖技术研究，先后成功突破了施氏鲟、西伯利亚鲟、杂交鲟的人工繁殖和育种技术。为推动产业提质增效、促进渔民增收致富，北京市鲟鱼、鲑鳟鱼创新团队成员于2015年对全市鲟鱼种业概况和从业者需求进行了再一次深入调研，摸清了产业现状，分析存在的主要问题，并提出有针对性的政策建议。为此，本刊将分期刊载2015年北京市鲟鱼种业发展报告的相关内容。     

Economic impacts of climate change: profitability of freshwater aquaculture in China

Aquaculture is threatened by the climate change which includes changes in temperature, precipitation, drought, storms and floods. The socio‐economic impacts of climate change on aquaculture are difficult to assess due to the uncertainties regarding the extent and rate of predicted changes. By including bond indexes as climate change variables, this study constructed a provincial‐level panel data set to estimate the profits and productivity of the Chinese aquaculture. Results indicate that aquaculture production has heterogeneous responses to climate change. However, the majority of climate variables, including extreme weather events and long‐term climate changes, strongly affect aquaculture profits. Future research needs to focus on designing suitable adaptation measures in an interdisciplinary setting to address the challenges from natural risks and economic volatility.     

Neotropical mangroves: Conservation and sustainable use in a scenario of global climate change

1. This study assesses the evolution of major anthropogenic drivers of environmental impacts on Neotropical mangroves, the changes in the environmental pressures acting upon them, and the respective societal responses during the past 40 years. It reviews the impacts of new drivers, in particular those resulting from global climate change and the expansion in aquaculture and the effectiveness of local societal responses aimed at addressing them.
2. Adaptation and mitigation actions are proposed to cope with the impacts and their socio‐economic consequences for Latin America and Caribbean mangroves. By comparing the situation in Latin America and the Caribbean with other regions, the knowledge gaps and priority research needs are discussed to support delineating a preliminary unifying framework to address the environmental pressures affecting mangroves.
3. This scenario necessarily includes the interaction of climate change with human interventions and their effects on ecosystem goods and services, as well as their respective adaptation and management options. Results show that drivers of environmental impacts have changed in the past 40 years, reducing the effectiveness of some important societal responses towards conservation and sustainable management with a great potential to increase rates of mangrove deforestation and conversion to human uses.
4. Although efforts in conservation and restoration have contributed to decreasing pressure on these ecosystems, the coupling of old drivers, such as damming, with climate change, and the appearance of new drivers in the region, such as shrimp aquaculture, may eclipse the gains made through these conservation efforts. Despite the negative trend, we discuss some successful efforts to curb negative impacts of human activities on mangroves.
5. We also recommend regional assessments based on primary sources in the representative mangrove‐bearing countries throughout the continent to allow the upscaling of their experiences towards a regional response to the challenges facing Neotropical mangrove conservation and sustainable use.

     

Review of climate change impacts on marine fisheries in the UK and Ireland

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Southward re‐distribution of tropical tuna fisheries activity can be explained by technological and management change

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Potential impacts of climate change on growth and prey consumption of stream‐dwelling smallmouth bass in the central United States

Smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu, SMB) is a broadly distributed, economically important species in the USA and Canada. Although previous research has suggested that projected climate warming may allow SMB to thrive beyond their current northern distribution, little research has been devoted to the population‐level effects of climate change on warm‐water fishes, including SMB. We modelled the impacts of projected climate change on growth of stream‐dwelling SMB along a north–south gradient in the central USA. Using downscaled regional projections from three global climate models, we generated scenarios for thermal habitat change for four populations (in Oklahoma, Missouri, Iowa and Minnesota) and used bioenergetics simulations to estimate prey consumption and growth under future projections. Bioenergetics simulations showed that prey consumption is expected to increase in all populations with moderate stream warming (2–3 °C). Growth potential is predicted to increase by 3–17% if not limited by food availability with stream warming by 2060 and was most pronounced for southern populations. For each 1 °C increase in stream temperature, SMB consumption would be expected to increase by about 27% and growth would increase by about 6%. Due to implications for species interactions, population performance and regulation of local fisheries, a better understanding of how SMB populations will respond to climate change is recommended for effective management and conservation.     

水温升高对水体性质及水生生物的影响研究进展

全球变暖导致水温升高,河流、湖泊普遍升温,而这种增温趋势还将加剧。水温升高,直接导致水体稳定度提高,垂向对流减少,分层现象加剧,冰河解冻提前,水体封冻期缩短;间接导致水体溶解氧含量降低,尤其底层水体缺氧现象更加严重,底层水体缺氧导致沉积物中营养盐向上覆水的释放量增加,两者均会诱导水体发生气候变化富营养化。水温升高影响水生有机体的生物过程、物种组成及食物网变化;水体分层及溶解氧含量降低均会增加水体营养物负荷,促进水体浮游藻类种群发生变化;水温变化还会改变水生植物生长条件、生物量及分布,影响水体中鱼类的生存、生长发育,以及栖息地发生变化,使水生无脊椎动物种群数量减少。因此,水温增加势必对水生生态系统产生重要影响。     

Impacts of climate change on snakehead fish value chains in the Lower Mekong Basin of Cambodia and Vietnam

ABSTRACT

The productive fisheries of the Lower Mekong Basin of Cambodia and Vietnam are essential to the food security and nutrition of 60 million people. Yet these fisheries, both culture and capture, are susceptible to the impacts of climate change. This article reports on a study undertaken to examine the vulnerability, as perceived by snakehead (Channa striata) fish farmers in Vietnam and fishers in Cambodia, to the impacts from climate change. Perceived impacts on various actors in the value chain are identified, as well as adaptation strategies currently being utilized and planned for the future. Recommendations are suggested to contribute to assisting snakehead farmers and fishers in adapting and preparing for the impacts of climate change.