雌核发育二倍体鲫鲤及其他倍性鱼cdc2基因cDNA全序列克隆及表达分析

为研究雌核发育二倍体鲫鲤产生二倍体卵子的分子机制,实验采用PCR和cDNA末端快速分离法,克隆获得了雌核发育二倍体鲫鲤第三代(G3)、二倍体红鲫、三倍体湘云鲫和四倍体鲫鲤的细胞周期相关基因——cdc2基因cDNA全序列.结果显示,4种不同倍性鱼cdc2基因均编码含有302个氨基酸蛋白,而且编码的蛋白都含有与其他CDK激酶相当保守的序列PSTAVRE;同源性分析发现,4种鱼cdc2基因编码的氨基酸序列之间的相似度大于97.6％,说明Cdc2蛋白在这4种不同倍性鱼中具有高度保守性.采用实时荧光定量PCR(real-time PCR)对cdc2基因在G3、二倍体红鲫、三倍体湘云鲫及四倍体鲫鲤早期卵巢中的表达进行分析,结果发现,G3cdc2基因比普通二倍体红鲫和三倍体湘云鲫表达要高,比四倍体鲫鲤的表达水平低.该研究从分子水平证明了G3早期性腺中存在着大量的多倍体卵原细胞.同时,研究表明,cdc2基因在雌核发育二倍体鲫鲤早期卵巢的高表达暗示着G3多次进入S期却不经历M期导致二倍体配子的产生.     

微卫星分离模式显示雄性三倍体鲫产生非整倍体精子

三倍体鲫(Carassius auratus)行天然雌核发育,其自然种群中却有较高比例的雄性个体,这些雄性个体的性腺发育正常,能产生有活力的精子。而且其精子的DNA含量约为体细胞的一半,显示三倍体鲫精子发生过程中可能经历了均等的减数分裂。流式细胞术虽然能够较准确地测定细胞群的平均DNA含量,但是却很难检测到单个精子中的个别染色体增减,要明确回答雄性三倍体鲫产生的精子是否为整倍体需要定量地检测单个精子的遗传组成。本研究用微卫星标记检测以雌性鲤(Cyprinus carpio)与雄性三倍体鲫为亲本构建的杂种家系的基因型,结果发现母本鲤的多态位点在子代中呈孟德尔分离,父本三倍体鲫具有三套鲫基因组,其等位基因在子代中呈随机分离。上述研究结果提示:三倍体鲫起源于二倍体鲫的同源加倍,而非二倍体鲫和鲤的种间杂交;三倍体鲫通过染色体的随机分离产生非整倍体的精子,其精子发生过程中没有均等的减数分裂。三倍体鲫行雌核发育生殖,却可能并非起源于种间杂交且群体中的雄性个体可育,因而是单性生殖鱼类中的一个特例。     

异源精子诱导散鳞镜鲤雌核发育二倍体的初步研究

为获得散鳞镜鲤雌核发育二倍体F1,利用异源精子诱导雌核发育技术进行了散鳞镜鲤♀×美国大口胭脂鱼♂科间"杂交"试验,观察并鉴定了该雌核发育二倍体F1胚胎发育的特点,胚胎发育所需的时间,体色、鳞被、鳃耙数、背鳍条数、臀鳍条数及口须等形态学特征,染色体数及核型,并进行了同工酶分析。试验结果,成功获得了散鳞镜鲤的雌核发育二倍体F1。观察结果表明,此F1确系雌核发育二倍体,它与父本完全不同,而与母本散鳞镜鲤一致。该组合雌核发育二倍体的出现率为0.8548%。     

二倍体雌核发育鲫鲤卵子发生的DNA含量和细胞学分析

以产生单倍体卵子的二倍体雌性红鲫为对照,对远缘杂交起源的二倍体雌核发育鲫鲤早期卵巢组织中的生殖细胞进行了流式细胞术分析,在此基础上结合组织学切片方法和染色体制片,对相应的卵巢组织细胞学观察和生殖细胞减数分裂特征进行了探讨.结果显示,雌核发育二倍体鲫鲤卵母细胞的DNA含量呈现两个主要的峰值,检测样本中的2号峰值显示的DNA含量是二倍体红鲫卵母细胞的1倍,代表减数分裂前染色体数未加倍的细胞群,其减数分裂Ⅰ前期分裂相呈现同源染色体部分配对,该细胞群在组织学切片上呈现空泡化等败育现象;另外,检测样本中的3号峰值显示的DNA含量是二倍体红鲫卵母细胞的2倍,代表减数分裂前染色体数已加倍的细胞群,其减数分裂Ⅰ前期分裂相呈现染色体数目加倍的完整的染色体配对,该细胞群由于染色体数加倍,可以越过杂种鱼的异源染色体之间的减数分裂配对障碍,正常发育为体积不断增大的初级卵母细胞,为产生后续的染色体数不减半的二倍体卵子奠定基础.该结果丰富了不减数配子的发生机制研究,在鱼类遗传育种方面具有重要意义.     

异源精子诱导犬齿牙鲆的雌核发育

用冷冻保存的花鲈精子作为异源精子,采用紫外线(UV)对精子进行照射使其遗传物质失活,然后与卵子进行"授精",可以刺激犬齿牙鲆鱼卵进行雌核发育,在受精后一定时间采用冷休克处理"授精"卵,抑制第二极体排出成功获得了犬齿牙鲆雌核发育二倍体鱼苗.实验表明:犬齿牙鲆同源精子经80 mJ/cm2的紫外线照射可以完全失活,冻存花鲈精子经紫外线照射后也同样具有诱导犬齿牙鲆雌核发育的能力.无论同源精子还是异源精子,最佳诱导条件为在18℃条件下,精子经80 mJ/cm2的紫外线照射,受精后4～5 min将受精卵放在3℃海水中进行冷休克处理,持续时间为45 min,同源精子和异源精子二倍体诱导分别为32.66%±7.03%和28.00%±6.48%.采用形态学、流式细胞仪DNA含量分析和微卫星标记技术对雌核发育鱼苗进行了分析,证明了雌核发育鱼苗为雌核发育二倍体.     

蛋白磷酸酶PP-1c在不同倍性鱼6种组织中的分化表达模式

以异源四倍体鲫鲤及其二倍体父/母本(湘江野鲤/红鲫)和子代三倍体湘云鲫等为实验材料，运用Western-blotting技术及荧光免疫组织化学技术等实验手段，分析了PP-1的催化亚基在上述不同倍性鱼体内的表达模式：蛋白水平检测发现PP-1c在不同倍性鱼的大脑、心脏、肌肉、肾脏、肝脏和性腺6种主要器官组织中均有表达，且不同的组织中显示了明显的差异表达模式，而PP-1c在这4种不同鱼的肌肉组织中的表达差异更显著，其中在异源四倍体鲫鲤中表达最低，在父/母本红鲫中的表达水平相对较高，子代三倍体湘云鲫中的表达最高,这种差异性可能从生化的角度说明了子代与父母本之间的变异性。免疫荧光组化实验结果显示，从整体水平来看，4种不同鱼的同一组织中，PP-1c的表达模式是非常相似的，这可能从蛋白和细胞的水平说明了异源四倍体鲫鲤与其二倍体父/母本及子代三倍体湘云鲫之间的遗传相似性。但对于同一组织的不同细胞的具体表达部位是有差异的，具有细胞特异性。     

花鲈冷冻精子诱导漠斑牙鲆雌核发育

采用紫外线(UV)对冻存的花鲈精子进行照射使其遗传物质失活,作为异源精子诱导源,与漠斑牙鲆卵子进行“授精”,可以诱导漠斑牙鲆卵进行雌核发育。结合静水压处理,抑制第二极体排出,成功获得了漠斑牙鲆雌核发育二倍体鱼苗。实验表明,同源精子和异源精子均可在紫外线照射遗传失活后诱导漠斑牙鲆卵雌核发育,经实验筛选出异源精子诱导漠斑牙鲆雌核发育的最佳条件为花鲈冻存精子采用80 mJ/cm²的紫外线照射,然后与漠斑牙鲆卵子进行授精,培育水温18 ℃条件下,受精后4~5 min,施以65 MPa的静水压休克处理6 min,可有效诱导漠斑牙鲆卵的雌核发育。采用形态学、流式细胞仪DNA含量分析和微卫星标记技术对雌核发育鱼苗进行了分析,证明了雌核发育鱼苗为雌核发育二倍体。本文首次报道了采用异源冷冻精子诱导漠斑牙鲆鱼卵进行雌核发育的技术方法,为漠斑牙鲆性别控制和遗传改良提供了技术手段。     

异源精子诱导条斑星鲽雌核发育

用冷冻保存的花鲈精子作为异源精子，采用紫外线（UV）对精子进行照射使其遗传物质失活，然后与卵子进行授精，可以刺激条斑星鲽鱼卵进行雌核发育，在受精后一定时间采用冷休克处理“受精”卵，抑制第二极体排出成功获得了条斑星鲽雌核发育二倍体鱼苗。实验表明，花鲈精子只有经过紫外线照射遗传失活后，才能诱导产生条斑星鲽雌核发育二倍体鱼苗。经过大量实验筛选出诱导条斑星鲽雌核发育的最佳条件为花鲈冷冻精子采用80 MJ/cm² 的紫外线照射，然后与条斑星鲽卵子进行授精，在受精后7~9 min，将受精卵放在-1.0~1.5 ℃海水中进行冷休克处理，持续时间为60~90 min，在此条件下，获得的雌核发育二倍体的相对诱导率达40.68%±7.24%。由于不失活精子与条斑星鲽卵形成的杂交胚只能存活到原肠期，而染色体未被成功加倍的胚胎会由于单倍体的致死效应在孵化前后死亡，所以存活的仔鱼全部为条斑星鲽雌核发育二倍体。采用微卫星标记技术对雌核发育鱼苗进行了分析，证明了雌核发育鱼苗为雌核发育二倍体。首次报道了采用异源冷冻精子诱导条斑星鲽鱼卵进行雌核发育的技术方法，为条斑星鲽性别控制和遗传改良提供了技术手段。     

异源精子诱导栉孔扇贝雌核发育二倍体的微管动态变化

采用紫外线遗传灭活的长牡蛎（Crassostrea gigas）精子激活栉孔扇贝（Chlamys farreri）卵子,并用6-DMAP诱导染色体加倍的方法,获得第二极体抑制型雌核发育二倍体早期胚胎。多聚甲醛固定、免疫荧光染色后,运用荧光显微镜观察栉孔扇贝正常发育卵子和异源精子诱导的雌核发育卵子,对其受精过程中微管的动态变化过程进行观察和分析。结果表明：（1）正常发育组受精卵内以微管为基础的纺锤体能够顺利地组装并引导卵细胞进行减数分裂和第一、第二极体的排放,以及雌、雄原核融合和第一次卵裂;（2）异源精子诱导雌核发育的卵子经6-DMAP处理后,部分微管变得模糊或消失,纺锤体受到破坏导致染色体的分离无法进行,第二极体的形成受到抑制并使雌核染色体二倍化;去除6-DMAP作用后,微管重新组装,雌核分裂重新启动继而进行卵裂;精核保持固浓缩状态或轻微膨胀形成雄性原核,但卵裂后期则以致密的染色质体（DCB）形式存在于分裂沟上或进入一个卵裂球中。结果证实,长牡蛎精子经紫外线遗传灭活后可顺利进入并激活栉孔扇贝成熟卵子但不参与合子核的形成,6-DMAP也可有效抑制第二极体的排放而获得雌核发育二倍体胚胎。本实验结果为研究异源精子诱导栉孔扇贝雌核发育的可行性提供了细胞学依据。     

同源与异源精子对方正银鲫子代存活、生长及性别的影响

5月中下旬繁殖季节,用方正银鲫（Carassius auratus gibelio）的卵子分别与麦穗鱼（Pseudorasbora parva）（方正银鲫♀×麦穗鱼♂,简称FM）、方正银鲫（方正银鲫♀×方正银鲫♂,FF）和荷包红鲤（Cyprinus carpio）（方正银鲫♀×荷包红鲤♂,FH）的精子进行人工授精,孵出的仔鱼在网箱中饲养,测定和统计各组子代的存活率、绝对增重率和性比等。结果表明：FF子代的成活率（91.15±1.78%）极显著地高于FM（87.50±2.13%）和FH（85.00±1.04%）（P〈0.01）,FM和FH之间差异不显著（P〉0.05）;FM（20.17±4.33 g）、FH（23.13±3.58 g）子代的出池体质量显著高于FF（18.90±3.82 g）（P〈0.05）,无论雌性还是雄性子代,组间差异均极显著（P〈0.01）,而组内、性别间生长差异不显著（P〉0.05）;FM（99%）、FF（73%）和FH（99%）子代的雌性百分比明显偏向雌性（P〈0.01）,且组间差异极显著,异源精子受精后子代中雌鱼比例明显增高（P〈0.01）。本研究结果证明：银鲫生长性状中存在＂异精效应＂,异源精子对子代的存活率和性别比例有显著影响,对生产中积极利用异源精子提供了数据支持。     

Experimental integrated aquaculture of fish and red seaweeds in Northern Portugal

Three potentially valuable red seaweeds, Chondrus crispus Stackhouse, Gracilaria bursa pastoris (S.G. Gmelin) P.C. Silva and Palmaria palmata (L.) O. Kuntze, collected in northern Portugal, were cultivated using the nutrient-rich effluents from a local turbot (Scophthalmus maximus Linnaeus) and sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax Linnaeus) farm. The algae were cultivated in a two level cascade system. Several arrangements of the cascade system, stocking densities (3, 5, 7 and 8 kg m^− 2) and water fluxes (140 and 325 l h^− 1) were tested to optimize biomass yield and nitrogen uptake rate and efficiency. The yield and the total ammonium nitrogen (TAN) uptake of the three species were highly seasonal. Palmaria could not survive culture conditions during the summer when water temperature was above 21 °C. In the spring, Palmaria had an average yield of 40.2 (± 12.80) g DW m^− 2 day^− 1 and a nitrogen uptake efficiency (NUE) of 41.0% (± 17.26%). NUE expresses, in percentage, the average reduction in TAN concentration between the inflows and the outflows of the tanks. Chondrus performed better in summer with an average yield of 37.0 (± 11.10) g DW m^− 2 day^− 1 and removing 41.3% (± 17.32%) of nitrogen. Gracilaria grew year round, but also performed better during spring/summer, producing an average of 29.1 (± 2.90) g DW m^− 2 day^− 1, and only 7.3 (± 5.08) g DW m^− 2 day^− 1 during autumn. Yield of C. crispus did not differ significantly when grown at two different stocking densities (5 kg m^− 2 and 8 kg m^− 2). On the other hand, Gracilaria had significantly higher yields at 5 than at 7 kg m^− 2. Better NUE, on average 76.7% (± 22.13%), was also obtained with 5 kg m^− 2 stocking density and only 63.8% (± 24.62%) with 7 kg m^− 2. The yield of Gracilaria increased significantly with the increase of water flux from 140 to 325 l h^− 1 and more nitrogen was removed from the water. However, NUE decreased from 48.4% to 33.4% at 140 and 325 l h^− 1, respectively. Biofiltration was highly improved by a cascade system with a NUE as high as 83.5%.     

Effect of dietary taurine and cystine on growth performance of juvenile red sea bream Pagrus major

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of dietary taurine and cystine on growth and body composition of juvenile red sea bream Pagrus major. In Experiment I, a casein-based semi-purified diet included a small amount of fish meal were supplemented with taurine at the levels of 0 (control) and 1.0%. The experimental diets in Experiment II were without fishmeal and supplemented with taurine at 0 (control), 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0% or cystine at 1.0 and 2.0%. These diets were fed three times a day for 6 weeks to fish (average body weight: 2.3 g in Experiment I and 2.5 g in Experiment II). In Experiment I, fish fed the taurine-supplemented diet showed significantly (P < 0.05) improved growth, feed efficiency and feed consumption relative to fish fed the unsupplemental diet. The whole body taurine content increased, whereas the non-essential amino acid contents decreased, in fish fed the taurine-supplemental diet compared to fish fed the unsupplemented diet. In Experiment II, the growth, feed efficiency and feed consumption of fish fed the taurine-supplemented diets, irrespective of the dietary taurine levels, were significantly higher than those of fish fed the control diet and the cystine-supplemented diets. Taurine content in the whole body increased with the dietary taurine level, while the taurine contents did not increase by the supplemental cystine. Other free amino acid contents in the taurine-supplemented diet groups followed similar trends to those in Experiment I. These results indicate that supplemental taurine to a casein-based semi-purified diet at more than 0.5% improved the growth and feed performance of juvenile red sea bream. It is also suggested that juvenile red sea bream cannot metabolize cystine into taurine.     

Vegetative propagation of the carrageenophytic red alga Gigartina skottsbergii Setchell et Gardner: Indoor and field experiments

The carrageenophytic red alga Gigartina skottsbergii presents several biological constraints for its cultivation such as restricted temporal availability and high spore mortalities that affect the development of its mass cultivation. For this reason, research to develop alternative propagation methods has been undertaken. Previous laboratory studies demonstrated that manipulating temperature, light and nutrients could enhance healing and regeneration of this seaweed. In this study nursery and field experiments were undertaken to establish the possibility to regrow G. skottsbergii in conditions similar to those applied in mass cultivation practices. Frond fragments and rhizoids were tested as alternative ways to obtain new plants. Our results indicate that regeneration occurs in the field, and can be managed in nursery conditions. The addition of a nitrogen source enhances the growth from 0.6 to 1.0% d^− 1 of the healed fragments and the use of a photon flux density above 50 μmol m^− 2 s^− 1 increases the growth rate but decrease the survival of the explants. Explants can be transferred to field conditions and grow at similar rates to those registered in the nursery (0.5% d^− 1). It is also possible to propagate rhizoids of G. skottsbergii and it seems that the attachment of a frond portion to the substratum, enhanced its survival and regeneration capacity. Finally, this study demonstrated that rhizoids attached to rocks can regenerate complete plants in nature, a feature which could be a useful for developing a sustainable harvesting methodology.     

Activity of digestive enzymes along the gut of juvenile red abalone, Haliotis rufescens, fed natural and balanced diets

Two carbohydrases (cellulase, lysozyme), three proteases (trypsin, aminopeptidase and non-specific protease), a non-specific lipase, and semiquantitative tests of 19 digestive enzymes were assayed in different gut sections of juvenile red abalone, Haliotis rufescens, in order to identify the regions where digestion takes place and investigate the extent to which diet composition can modify the digestive capacity of abalone. The abalone were fed either fresh kelp (K) or balanced diets containing 25 or 38% crude protein for 6 months. Enzyme assays were carried out on different sections of the abalone's gut at the end of this period. On a weight-specific basis, the digestive gland was the site containing most of the enzymes. On a protein-specific basis, two main digestion regions were identified: the digestive gland-stomach region that is characterized by high activities of cellulase and lysozyme, chymotrypsin and protease, and the mouth-intestine region with a typically high activity of lipase and amino peptidase. Significant dietary effects were observed on the activity of enzymes, especially in the digestive gland. Abalone fed with 25 and 38% crude protein diets exhibited higher cellulase (39.8 ± 4.6 and 14.2 ± 0.8 mU mg^− 1 protein, respectively) and lysozyme activities (88.0 ± 20.4 and 56.6 ± 15.7 U, respectively) than those fed with fresh kelp (5.5 ± 0.7 mU mg^− 1 protein and 17.1 ± 1.8 U). In contrast, higher protease activity was found in kelp-fed organisms (234.1 ± 20.4 μg product/mg protein) than those fed the 25 and 38% crude protein diets (109.5 ± 20.7 and 119.5 ± 20.5 μg product/mg protein, respectively). Semiquantitative API ZYM assays resulted in no clear food-specific effects on the activity of carbohydrases, proteases, ester hydrolases or phosphohydrolases, yet organ-specific differences were conspicuous in various cases, and generally agreed with quantitative results. It is suggested that the increased carbohydrase activity exhibited by organisms fed the balanced diets resulted from a combination of an increased number of resident bacteria in the abalone's gut and facilitated contact between dietary substrates and digestive cells. The present results indicate that H. rufescens can adjust their enzyme levels in order to maximize the acquisition of dietary protein and carbohydrates. This characteristic can be advantageously used to search for suitable diets in abalone aquaculture.     

Tank cultivation of the red alga Palmaria palmata: Year-round induction of tetrasporangia, tetraspore release in darkness and mass cultivation of vegetative thalli

Field-collected tetrasporophytes of Palmaria palmata were tumbled in 300-L outdoor tanks from January to August at ambient daylength or in a constant short-day (SD) regime (8 h light per day), both at 10 or 15 °C. Tetrasporangia were massively induced after 2.5 months under SD conditions at 10 °C and completely lacking at 15 °C, both under SD or ambient daylength conditions, with a few tetrasporangia present at 10 °C and ambient daylength. Elongation rates of tagged tetrasporophytic thalli peaked from March to April in all four conditions, when the biomass densities in the outdoor tanks were close to 2.5 kg fresh weight m^− 2. Under all four conditions, juvenile proliferations started to appear in June from the margins of the old fronds, and attained approximately 1 cm in length by the end of July.Approximately 80% of the tetraspores were released during the first three dark phases in a light/dark regime, and the remaining 20% during the light phases. A minimum of 10 min darkness was observed to trigger spore release. White light inhibited tetraspore release, while a similar number of spores were released in continuous red light or in the light/dark regime, although with no significant differences of spore release during subjective days and nights.Sporelings were successfully derived from the released tetraspores for mass propagation of the male gametophyte in 2000-L outdoor tanks in a greenhouse. Mass production of male gametophytic sporelings of P. palmata was completed two times by SD induction of tetrasporangia at 10 °C, release of spores in darkness and culturing the sporelings until they were ready to be propagated vegetatively in greenhouse tanks. One experiment lasted from January to October 2001, with spore release in June, and the second from September to April 2003, with spore release in January. These results may support the development of sustainable, year-round Palmaria farming.     

吴郭鱼养殖技术

在2003年的“全国农业科技年中”,增城市水产部门把推广吴郭鱼养殖作为培育优势水产品和发展区域规模经济的主要措施,通过实施科技行动提升优势水产品竞争力。2002年推广4万亩(包括混养),总产量1万吨,总产值6500万元,通过加工出口创汇新增附加值1500万元,占全市总产量和产值的1/3及1/4强,2003年加大推广力度,推广面积达6.5万亩,总产量24500吨(其中吴郭鱼产量17650吨),产值2.25亿元,实现了渔业增产增效,渔农增收的目标。正值放养季节,兹将苗种、成鱼养殖技术总结如下:1吴郭鱼特点吴郭鱼是奥利亚罗非鱼作父本,尼罗罗非鱼作母本杂交的子一代,它…     

养殖虾类红体病和红体症状的研究概况和探讨

本文通过对红体病易感的南美白对虾、日本沼虾、斑节对虾和罗氏沼虾进行分析阐述,从病毒、细菌和环境因素等方面,总结了虾类红体病的病原和病理特征,归纳了相应的防治方法,以期为该病的进一步研究以及临床诊断和控制提供参考。     

彩虹鲷养殖示范试验

<正> 为了调整养殖品种结构,固安县畜牧水产局于2000年5月至2001年5月承担廊坊市水产推广项目,在固安县牛驼镇警卫局渔场示范养殖彩虹鲷,经过一年的养殖示范管理,1400m~2鱼塘出产成鱼1250kg,现将具体情况总结如下:1 池塘条件:鱼池为水泥池,长70m、宽20m、可蓄水2m,有地热水源、增氧机、越冬保温设施。2 鱼苗来源:鱼苗为北京水产研究所的夏花鱼苗,经塑料袋充氧,运输2h至固安牛驼渔     

鱼虾蟹越冬管理技术之二:彩虹鲷的越冬管

彩虹鲷是尼罗罗非鱼和莫桑比克罗非鱼杂交的一个突变品种,体色鲜艳、红黄兼有,也常被人们称为红罗非鱼,具有养殖生长速度快,食性杂,繁殖力强,适应性好,养殖效益高等优点.     

以色列红罗非鱼耐盐性的初步研究

设计 0‰、15‰、2 5‰和 32‰四种盐度梯度 ,对引进的以色列红罗非鱼的仔鱼、稚鱼和幼鱼的耐盐性进行了初步研究。结果表明 ,在 32‰的海水中 ,以色列红罗非鱼的耐盐指标分别为 :仔鱼 ,MST为2 .6 8h ,ST5 0为 3.6h ,MLS 96为 17‰ ,BT为 0 .5h ,死亡率为 10 0 % ;稚鱼 ,MST为 2 .1h ,ST5 0为 2 4 .6h ,MLS 96为 2 0‰ ,BT为 0 .6 7h ,死亡率为 10 0 % ;幼鱼 ,MST为 14 .8h ,ST5 0为 4 0h ,MLS 96为 2 1‰ ,BT为 5h ,死亡率为 10 0 % ;以色列红罗非鱼的耐盐性高于尼罗罗非鱼和奥利亚罗非鱼 ,低于佛罗里达红罗非鱼 ,与莫桑比克罗非鱼及其一些杂交种相似。以色列红罗非鱼的耐盐性与其日龄有关 ,日龄越大 ,其耐盐性越强。幼鱼与仔鱼、稚鱼间耐盐性存在极显著差异 ,仔鱼和稚鱼间耐盐性差异不显著。几种耐盐指标中 ,ST5 0最灵敏 ,MST和BT次之 ,MLS 96和死亡率较差