同源与异源精子对方正银鲫子代存活、生长及性别的影响

5月中下旬繁殖季节,用方正银鲫（Carassius auratus gibelio）的卵子分别与麦穗鱼（Pseudorasbora parva）（方正银鲫♀×麦穗鱼♂,简称FM）、方正银鲫（方正银鲫♀×方正银鲫♂,FF）和荷包红鲤（Cyprinus carpio）（方正银鲫♀×荷包红鲤♂,FH）的精子进行人工授精,孵出的仔鱼在网箱中饲养,测定和统计各组子代的存活率、绝对增重率和性比等。结果表明：FF子代的成活率（91.15±1.78%）极显著地高于FM（87.50±2.13%）和FH（85.00±1.04%）（P〈0.01）,FM和FH之间差异不显著（P〉0.05）;FM（20.17±4.33 g）、FH（23.13±3.58 g）子代的出池体质量显著高于FF（18.90±3.82 g）（P〈0.05）,无论雌性还是雄性子代,组间差异均极显著（P〈0.01）,而组内、性别间生长差异不显著（P〉0.05）;FM（99%）、FF（73%）和FH（99%）子代的雌性百分比明显偏向雌性（P〈0.01）,且组间差异极显著,异源精子受精后子代中雌鱼比例明显增高（P〈0.01）。本研究结果证明：银鲫生长性状中存在＂异精效应＂,异源精子对子代的存活率和性别比例有显著影响,对生产中积极利用异源精子提供了数据支持。

Effects of Spermatozoa of Different Species on Survival and Growth of Offsprings in Fangzheng Silver Crucian Carp（Carassius auratus gibelio）

The eggs of Fangzheng silver crucian carp（Carassius auratus auratus） as gynogenetic crucian carp were activated by homogenous and by heterogeneous（common carp Cyprinus carpio and topmouth gudgeon Pseudoroashora parva） sperm,forming three offsprings Fangzheng silver crucian carp ♀× Fangzheng silver crucian carp♂（FF）,Fangzheng silver crucian carp ♀× common carp ♂（FH） and Fangzheng silver crucian carp♀× topmouth gudgeon♂（FM）.The fry of the three offsprings were reared in net cages disposed in a pond,and the survival,growth and sexual ratio were compared.The survival of FF（（91.15±1.78）%） fry was shown to be very significantly higher than that in FM（87.50±2.13%）and FH（85.00±1.04%）（P〈0.01）.The juveniles in FM（20.17±4.33 g） and FH（23.13±3.58 g） had significantly higher final body weight than that in FF（18.90±3.82 g）（P〈0.05）.There were very significantly higher female proportion in the offsprings（99% in FM,73% in FF and 99% in FH）（P〈0.01）.The results approved the biological effects of heterogametes and will be useful for the utilization of heterogametes.