捕后处置对活品底播虾夷扇贝生化代谢的影响

为了研究干藏与湿藏对活品虾夷扇贝生化代谢的影响,探讨捕后干露、碰撞和温度3个胁迫因素对活品虾夷扇贝生化代谢的影响。将采捕后的虾夷扇贝分别进行干藏和湿藏处置,干藏采取冰藏方式,保藏时间为4 d;湿藏采取循环海水方式,同时施加温度与碰撞2种胁迫因素作对比,保藏时间为7 d。以闭壳肌中糖原、ATP及其关联物、AEC值、p H值和水溶性蛋白为指标,对4个处置组的活品虾夷扇贝进行跟踪分析。干藏条件下扇贝p H值、ATP含量和AEC值均迅速下降,生理状态快速恶化,短期内(1~3 d)扇贝陆续死亡。湿藏(5和10°C)条件下,扇贝闭壳肌可保持较高的ATP含量、AEC值和p H值,且5°C较10°C湿藏条件下糖原含量更高;相同温度下(10°C),增加碰撞会导致扇贝ATP含量和AEC值下降,糖原消耗增多。研究表明,捕后处置方式与活品虾夷扇贝的生化代谢有密切联系,干露是虾夷扇贝活品流通过程中比较突出的胁迫因素,温度和碰撞也会在一定程度上影响扇贝的生理状态。     

贮藏条件对活品虾夷扇贝营养及品质的影响

为研究不同贮藏条件对活品扇贝营养及品质的影响,将无水低温保活运输后的鲜活虾夷扇贝(Patinopecten yessoensis)置于海水贮藏和干露冰藏贮藏条件下分别贮藏96 h,测定贮藏过程中虾夷扇贝的营养成分、糖原、乳酸等含量变化,并对感官等进行评价。结果显示:随贮藏时间的延长,两组虾夷扇贝的水分、粗蛋白质和粗脂肪含量略微下降;糖原含量均呈下降趋势,贮藏96 h后干露冰藏组的糖原含量较海水贮藏组的高;干露冰藏贮藏组的乳酸含量呈上升趋势,海水贮藏组呈先升后降趋势,96 h后海水贮藏组较干露冰藏组的低;挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)呈上升趋势,贮藏96 h后两组的TVB-N含量均未超过海产贝类TVB-N可接受限;贮藏48 h内干露冰藏组的感官品质较好,48 h后低于海水贮藏组。结合扇贝品质指标分析及感官评价,贮藏时间在48 h内,(0±2)℃干露冰藏贮藏下虾夷扇贝营养和风味损失较小;贮藏时间超过48 h,采用海水温度(10±1)℃、溶氧(8±0.5)mg/L的海水贮藏能更好保持虾夷扇贝的品质和风味,且存活率更高。     

基于束缚的胁迫调控对潜水采捕虾夷扇贝活品贮运稳定性的影响

通过人工束缚对活体施加胁迫调控干预,探讨流通环节虾夷扇贝的活力保持机制,为开发贝类高端活品提供理论及方案等参考.参考实际流通链,设置由2 d活水暂养和4 d无水贮运构成为期1周的模拟活品供应链;设计两个处理组,分别为暂养前束缚组(Tb)和暂养后束缚组(Ta),对照组C则全程无束缚.期间对扇贝闭壳肌ATP关联物、腺苷酸能...     

底播虾夷扇贝活品供应链各环节中肠道菌群分析

以鲜活底播虾夷扇贝为研究对象,研究扇贝肠道菌群结构与其生长环境的相似性,并跟踪研究组成供应链的采捕、活水运输、中转、净化Ⅰ、净化Ⅱ及市场等6个环节的活品扇贝的肠道菌群结构变化规律。首先,在扇贝捕捞船现场采集扇贝、海水以及海底沉积物,随后继续对活水运输、中转、净化Ⅰ、净化II及市场等环节跟踪采集扇贝肠道样品;利用基于16S rDNA的PCR-变性梯度凝胶电泳指纹图谱技术对扇贝肠道菌群、沉积物及海水进行分析。变性梯度凝胶电泳指纹图谱分析结明,从即捕扇贝肠道、沉积物及海水中分别获得12、18及20个扩增条带,其中,三者具有9条相同的条带;其余包括活水运输、中转、净化Ⅰ、净化Ⅱ及市场等5个环节的条带数依次为14、16、13、9、22。相似性分析表明,即捕扇贝肠道与海水及沉积物之间菌群组成相似性系数（戴斯系数）分别为66．6％和62．5％;由采捕到市场6环节之间虾夷扇贝肠道菌群相似性系数依次为64．0％、73．3％、69．0％、63．6％及32．3％。采捕后至净化池以及净化后至市场均发生菌群条带的增加,表明采捕后流通环境的改变对扇贝肠道菌群结构有影响;净化处理具有有效的减菌效果;现有捕后处置方式即从采捕至净化Ⅱ,活品扇贝处于比较稳定的胁迫状态,而净化后的产品至消费市场环节的胁迫压力明显,即该零售终端环节对活品质量有重要影响。     

捕后干露对3种贝类活品品质的影响

为明确经济养殖贝类捕后早期干露耐受性,选取活力良好的菲律宾蛤仔、长牡蛎和虾夷扇贝在4 ℃条件下进行8 d的无水贮藏,以闭壳肌pH、糖原、腺苷三磷酸(ATP)关联化合物、磷酸精氨酸的含量和奥品脱氢酶活性为指标,研究3种贝类的品质变化规律。试验结果表明,无水贮藏期间,菲律宾蛤仔pH无明显变化( P <0.05),而长牡蛎和虾夷扇贝pH分别由7.23和7.39降至6.88和6.80。3种贝的糖原含量均呈下降趋势。ATP在菲律宾蛤仔和长牡蛎初始含量仅为0.41、0.42 μmol/g,且贮藏过程无显著变化( P <0.05);在虾夷扇贝的初始含量为4.05 μmol/g,且随着贮藏时间延长急剧下降。虾夷扇贝和菲律宾蛤仔闭壳肌中章鱼碱脱氢酶活性最大,且随贮藏时间呈增加趋势。长牡蛎中alanopine脱氢酶和strombine脱氢酶起主要作用。结合主成分分析推定,长牡蛎、菲律宾蛤仔、虾夷扇贝对干露耐受时间分别是8、4、2 d。试验结果表明,在活贝捕后流通过程中应结合干露耐受性差异建立品种针对性的管理措施。     

虾夷扇贝易逝期干露处置与活品复水性

为探索捕后初期处置对虾夷扇贝活品品质的延迟效应,将捕后虾夷扇贝分易逝期及后易逝期两个阶段进行研究,分别模拟海上及陆基两个处置环节。易逝期处置条件为冷却干露,分别设置12、24及48 h 3个处理组,即E12、E24及E48;后易逝期处置是将经易逝期的活体扇贝重新置于海水中复水24 h,分别为E12’及E24’。以失重率、存活率、闭壳肌pH、糖原、ATP关联化合物、AEC值及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性等为指标,对活品品质进行跟踪分析。结果显示:①易逝期干露处置的扇贝品质有不同程度下降,E48全部死亡;E12和E24具有100%的存活率,糖原含量在易逝期初期快速下降,由初始点的18.95降至12 h时的14.66 mg/g。②易逝期处置对后易逝期的扇贝活体有延迟效应,复水12 h内,体质量和糖原显著恢复,同时SOD活性显著下降,表明了应激状态的缓解;随着复水时间的延长,各项生化指标反映出活体再次进入应激状态时,E12’的活品货架期明显优于E24’。研究表明,扇贝从采捕至陆基暂养净化存在一个品质易逝期,易逝期处置对后易逝期的活品品质有延迟效应。经易逝期处置的扇贝可恢复,短时间12 h的易逝期处置更有助于扇贝恢复。有效控制易逝期条件参数,复水后活品可表现出很好的恢复性;易逝期胁迫程度越大,即便在易逝期结束时仍具有良好指标,但在后易逝期会呈现持续衰竭趋势,其活力、品质及活品货架期亦将会受影响。     

无水运输—湿藏销售中虾夷扇贝活力和呈味特性变化

为减少虾夷扇贝带水运输成本和风味损失,探讨"无水运输—湿藏销售"的可行性,以糖原、磷酸精氨酸、腺苷三磷酸(ATP)关联物以及核苷酸能荷分析扇贝活力的变化,以味觉活性化合物含量,味觉活度值及感官的方法评价流通过程中的呈味变化.试验结果表明,无水运输24 h后,糖原含量、磷酸精氨酸含量、核苷酸能荷分别由初始的49.86 m...     

微酸性电解水对活品虾夷扇贝存活率的影响及杀菌效果

以活品虾夷扇贝(Patinopecten yessoensis)为实验对象,用不同理化性质的微酸性电解水(slightly acidic electrolyzed water,SAEW)处理受试扇贝,并用副溶血性弧菌人工浸染经微酸性电解水处理过的扇贝,检测其存活率、微酸性电解水杀菌效果、副溶血性弧菌的变化规律,以及虾夷扇贝在不同电解水处理阶段的菌相。结果显示,微酸性电解水处理1 min、2 min、4 min,扇贝存活率均为80%,处理8 min存活率为82%,均高于染菌组和对照组;电解水处理时间与细菌总数和大肠菌群呈显著负相关(P0.05),与处理时采用的电解水有效氯浓度没有显著性关系(P0.05)。采用电解水处理8 min后,活品虾夷扇贝体内染上的副溶血性弧菌数量从1 100 MPN/g降至28 MPN/g。扇贝初期主要菌群为假单胞菌和弧菌,在经过微酸性电解水处理后,其体内的菌群趋于复杂化,优势菌群有所改变,细菌总数有所下降。24 h后经电解水处理或者未处理的虾夷扇贝体内优势腐败菌均为假单胞菌。研究表明,SAEW在虾夷扇贝净化中具有一定的应用潜力。     

捕后暂养对虾夷扇贝闭壳肌硬化的影响

虾夷扇贝的捕后处置对闭壳肌的硬化产生重大影响,而硬化又是影响闭壳肌生食品质的重要因素。为延长虾夷扇贝死后硬化发生时间,通过宰杀前暂养,缓解捕后胁迫对后期闭壳肌贮藏特性的影响。将采捕后的虾夷扇贝分为3组(对照组、暂养3 d组和暂养7 d组),然后去壳取闭壳肌进行0~7 d冰藏,分析闭壳肌在贮藏过程中的僵直情况、ATP关联物、K值、p H值、糖原及水溶性蛋白等指标的变化。结果显示,不论是否经过暂养,冰藏3 d内K值均低于5%,可以满足生食要求。经过暂养,闭壳肌中ATP的含量略有升高,暂养7 d组暂养3 d组对照组。在贮藏0~2 d内,暂养组的ATP含量基本保持不变,可抑制肌肉收缩并减少汁液流失。暂养组的糖原含量和水溶性蛋白含量低于对照组。研究表明,30 ku蛋白在暂养组中的消失时间比对照组提前了1~2 d。扇贝采捕过程中应尽可能减少胁迫,采捕后应尽快加工,以免影响商品的品质及货架期。     

石灰虫、苔藓虫和才女虫对不同群体虾夷扇贝的寄生选择研究

<正>虾夷扇贝(Patinopecten yesoensis)属软体动物门、双壳纲、翼形亚纲、珍珠目、扇贝科、虾夷扇贝属,主要分布在日本的北海道、本州北部水域。虾夷扇贝主要摄食个体较小的浮游植物、细菌及有机碎屑等。虾夷扇贝寿命较长,可活10年左右,20世纪80年代由辽宁省海洋水产研究所引进并繁殖。虾夷扇贝为我国重要经济贝类,目前最主要的养殖方式为底播增殖。此种养殖模式具有生长快、成本低、经济效益好等优     

Susceptibility by amberjack (Seriola dumerili), yellowtail (S. quinqueradiata) and Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) to Neobenedenia girellae (Monogenea) infection and their acquired protection

This study investigated: 1) susceptibility differences to infection by Neobenedenia girellae (Capsalidae) between amberjack Seriola dumerili (Carangidae), yellowtail S. quinqueradiata and Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus (Paralichthyidae); 2) growth and egg production of N. girellae on each fish species; 3) acquired protection of each fish species against this parasite. The number of N. girellae on S. dumerili was significantly higher than on S. quinqueradiata and P. olivaceus when these fishes were exposed to oncomiracidia in the same aquarium. Neobenedenia girellae growth on S. dumerili was fastest and, thus the number of eggs laid by parasites on S. dumerili was greater than on the other two species. Seriola dumerili and P. olivaceus, which were previously infected with N. girellae and treated by freshwater bath, acquired partial protection against re-infection by N. girellae. The relative re-infection of three S. dumerili individuals out of eleven individuals was markedly low compared with the initial infection, and the relative initial infection and re-infection on two P. olivaceus out of eleven individuals was markedly low. The results of this study could be useful to control N. girellae infections when cultivating S. dumerili, S. quinqueradiata and P. olivaceus.     

AFLP-based genetic linkage map of marine shrimp Penaeus (Fenneropenaeus) chinensis

This paper presents the genetic linkage map of the Chinese shrimp Penaeus (Fenneropenaeus) chinensis constructed with 472 AFLP markers. A hundred F₁ progeny from an intercross between a female from the new variety “Yellow Sea No. 1” and wild caught male used for the mapping study. Two separate maps were constructed for each parent. The female linkage map consisted of 197 marker loci forming 35 linkage groups and spanned a total length of 2191.1 cM, with an average marker space of 13.5 cM. The male map consisted of 194 marker loci mapped to 36 linkage groups and spanned a total length of 1737.3 cM, with an average marker spacing of 11.0 cM. The level of segregation distortion observed in this study was 12.2%. The estimated genome length of P. chinensis was 3150.3 cM for the female and 2549.3 cM for the male, respectively. The observed genome coverage was 69.6% for the female and 68.1% for the male map. The linkage maps constructed in this study provide basic information for further linkage studies on Chinese shrimp, and more importantly, the construction of the maps are part of the work of the genetic breeding programs which will be used for growth discovered in the QTL analysis of P. chinensis.     

太平洋鳕RAG1和IgM基因荧光定量PCR方法的建立及初步应用

为研究太平洋鳕发育早期特异免疫系统形成的机制,通过RAG1和IgM基因的转录水平衡量特异免疫系统的发育特点.根据GenBank中RAG1和IgM的序列信息,分别设计1对特异引物,从太平洋鳕头肾中扩增得到RAG1和IgM的基因片段.将所获基因片段分别插入到克隆载体pMD18-T中,从而构建太平洋鳕RAG1和IgM基因的质粒标准品.建立并优化太平洋鳕RAG1和IgM基因绝对荧光定量PCR方法.为进一步验证该方法的可靠性,分别利用绝对定量和相对定量检验目的基因在太平洋鳕早期发育过程不同组织内的表达差异.以优化后的绝对荧光定量PCR方法检测不同发育时期太平洋鳕RAG1和IgM的表达情况.结果显示,RAG1的回归方程为y=-3.266x+33.77,回归系数R2=0.996;IgM的回归方程为y=-3.119x +27.61,回归系数R2 =0.998.绝对定量和相对定量结果在基因转录趋势上显现出一致性,即RAG1基因在胸腺和头肾中表达,且在胸腺中的表达量显著高于头肾中的表达量,在肝脏和脾脏中无表达;IgM基因在胸腺、头肾、肝脏和脾脏中均有表达,其中脾脏中表达量最高,其次是头肾.RAG1基因在太平洋鳕发育早期的表达水平很低,到61日龄(days posthatching,dph)至95 dph表达量显著提高;IgM基因在早期表达水平同样很低,到33 dph至61 dph才有明显表达,在95 dph时表达量显著提高.研究表明,本实验方法可靠,特异性较强,可成功对目标基因转录水平进行检测.     

Composition in essential and non-essential elements of early stages of cephalopods and dietary effects on the elemental profiles of Octopus vulgaris paralarvae

During the present study, we aimed at providing a first look at the elemental composition of the early stages of cephalopods as an approach to their elemental requirements in culture. Essential and non-essential elemental profiles of the European cuttlefish Sepia officinalis, the European squid Loligo vulgaris and the common octopus Octopus vulgaris laboratory hatchlings and wild juveniles were analysed. In addition, for O. vulgaris we determined elemental profiles of mature ovary, eggs in different stages of development and followed possible effects of four dietary treatments during paralarval rearing, also analyzing elemental content of the live preys Artemia nauplii and Maja brachydactyla hatchling zoeae. Content was determined for essential (As, Ca, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Rb, S, Sr, Zn) and non-essential (Ag, Al, Ba, Cd, Hg, Pb) elements. The content in non-essential elements found in hatchlings and juveniles of the three species analyzed here seems to be far lower in comparison with subadult and adult stages of coastal cephalopods. In the octopus eggs, the non-essential element concentrations remained globally low compared to hatchlings and juveniles indicating the absorption of these elements along the ontogenetic development. The elemental composition of the octopus ovary and of the eggs, hatchlings and juveniles of the three cephalopod species analyzed here showed a high content in S. As expected, the calcified internal shell of the cuttlefish, rich in Ca and Sr, originates the main difference between species. It is remarkable the richness in Cu of hatchling octopus, that may indicate a particular nutritional requirement for this element during the planktonic life. The reared octopus paralarvae feed on Artemia nauplii, a prey with relatively low Cu content, showed nearly half Cu content that the “natural” profile of octopus hatchlings or wild juveniles. This suggests a dietary effect and/or an indication of the poor physiological stage of the Artemia-fed paralarvae. At the present, the percentage of essential element absorption by food or seawater is unknown for cephalopods and should be determined in the future to understand their feeding requirements in culture.     

Recruitment and effects of Discocotyle sagittata (Monogenea) infection on farmed trout

Farmed rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and brown trout Salmo trutta were monitored over 3 years for infection with the blood-feeding gill fluke Discocotyle sagittata. Parasite transmission is seasonal: new infections take place during summer/autumn, and transmission is generally negligible during winter/spring. There are 2 sources of infection for naïve fish-of-the-year: limited invasion when fish are in the raceways by riverborne larvae originating external to the farm; and internally, within the farm, when 0+ fish are transferred to ponds previously occupied by older cohorts of infected fish. Thereafter, infection levels continue to increase in rainbow trout primarily through transmission within the farm. Prevalence rose to 100% in 1+ fish by the end of their second summer. In O. mykiss, mean abundance reached 194 worms/host for 1+ fish (up to 489 worms/host) and 160 worms/host for 2+ fish. By contrast, in S. trutta, parasite prevalence never exceeded 85% and, after the first year's invasions, infection levels decreased over time: in 1+ and 2+ brown trout, parasite mean abundance was < 4 (maximum 15) worms/host. We present evidence of the detrimental effects of D. sagittata on the host: high burdens are associated with pale gills, decreased body condition and host mortality. Parasite burdens become overdispersed during the warmer part of the year, as prevalence and mean abundance increase. However, the degree of parasite overdispersion decreases over winter; we cannot distinguish whether decreased aggregation is due to parasite losses from infected fish (including immune-mediated parasite mortality) or parasite-induced host mortality.     

吉富罗非鱼与奥利亚罗非鱼自繁与杂交 F1遗传特性与抗病力分析

以吉富罗非鱼与奥利亚罗非鱼为繁育亲本,采用完全双列杂交繁育4组F1,将初始规格基本一致的4组罗非鱼饲养100 d后,运用“加性-显性”遗传分析模型,分析了4组F1罗非鱼8个生长相关性状杂种优势、遗传效应以及与性状间的相关性.结果表明:(1)F1群体平均优势为0.129 4～0.368 4.除尾柄长超亲优势较大外,其他性状的群体超亲优势较小或表现出负向超亲优势.(2)8个性状的广义遗传率(HB)为0.714 2～0.995 3,表明加性效应和显性效应对性状的遗传变异影响极显著(P＜0.01).除尾柄长外,其他性状的狭义遗传率(HN)介于0.469 4～0.737 9,表明加性遗传方差在表型方差中所占比率较高.(3)体质量、全长、体长、体高、体宽、头长、尾柄长、尾柄高性状之间表型相关在0.776 6～0.999 7范围内,而遗传相关在0.994 1～1.000 0之间,表明这些性状间都存在极显著的正相关.取样结束后,采用3.95×106 CFU/mL的海豚链球菌菌液进行腹腔感染,吉富罗非鱼自繁组F1代12 h后出现死亡,而奥利亚罗非鱼自繁组F1192 h后才出现死亡.384 h后,吉富罗非鱼自繁组F1死亡率为40％,正反交组F1分别为20％和23.3％,奥利亚罗非鱼自繁组F1死亡率最低,为6.67％.研究结果表明,除尾柄长外,杂交F1的其他性状不具备超亲优势,然而杂交可以提高选育后代的抗病力.     

4种岩礁性鱼类视网膜感光细胞和最小分辨角的比较

运用组织学方法,对铠平鲉、花斑平鲉、大泷六线鱼和斑头六线鱼的性成熟个体视网膜光感受细胞和最小分辨角进行了比较研究。结果表明:(1)大泷六线鱼和斑头六线鱼视锥细胞的排列方式为4个双锥细胞围绕一个单锥细胞构成正方形或者菱形镶嵌结构,铠平鲉和花斑平鲉的双锥细胞排列成行,单锥细胞随机分布于4个双锥细胞之间;分析认为,大泷六线鱼和斑头六线鱼视锥排列方式更复杂,单锥细胞与双锥细胞的比值(SC/DC)更高,推测其具有更好的色觉。(2)铠平鲉和花斑平鲉视柱细胞与视锥细胞的比值(R/C)大于7∶1,而大泷六线鱼和斑头六线鱼的R/C小于3∶1;推测铠平鲉和花斑平鲉更适合在夜间活动,而大泷六线鱼和斑头六线鱼属白天活动的鱼类。(3)铠平鲉、花斑平鲉、大泷六线鱼和斑头六线鱼视锥细胞密度最高处分别位于视网膜的腹-颞(V-T)区、腹区(V)、腹-颞(V-T)区和背-颞区(D-T),与各自的生活习性和摄食行为相适应。(4)4种岩礁性鱼类的成熟个体中,铠平鲉的最小分辨角最大,其次为花斑平鲉和大泷六线鱼,斑头六线鱼的最小分辨角最小。分析认为,即使是同样栖息于礁区的鱼类,其视觉特征也存在差异,这或许可以为岩礁区选择性渔具的开发提供一些有益的参考。     

罗非鱼海豚链球菌病的病理学观察

采用光学显微镜和透射电子显微镜技术分别对患海豚链球菌病的罗非鱼的病理学变化进行了研究。分离的病原菌革兰氏染色呈阳性,透射电镜负染观察菌体球形或卵圆形,直径0.6~1.0μm,多数呈链状排列。组织学病变主要表现为全身多组织、器官水肿,出血、变性、坏死以及炎症反应,特别是肝、脾、肾和脑分别表现为肝炎,脾炎,间质性肾炎和脑膜炎。超微结构观察发现病鱼肝、脾、肾、脑、心肌和骨骼肌等器官的细胞超微结构都有较为严重的破坏,细胞核畸形,染色质浓缩或边集,粗面内质网囊泡化及脱粒,线粒体肿胀,嵴断裂或溶解消失。研究表明,海豚链球菌能造成罗非鱼全身性组织器官病变,致使器官功能障碍,正常生理代谢调节紊乱,最后导致死亡。     

半滑舌鳎StAR基因克隆及其在不同组织的时空表达分析

利用半滑舌鳎性腺转录组测序获得的StAR基因部分序列,设计RACE引物,克隆了半滑舌鳎StAR基因的cDNA序列,全长为1 294 bp,5'端UTR为132 bp,3'端UTR为310 bp,开放阅读框(ORF)为852 bp,共编码283个氨基酸。将半滑舌鳎StAR基因与其他物种StAR基因进行氨基酸同源性分析,结果显示,半滑舌鳎StAR与塞内加尔鳎、大口黑鲈、花鲈、金头鲷的同源性都达到了85%,与虹鳟、斜带石斑鱼及日本鳗鲡的同源性分别为81%、83%和76%。雌、雄鱼不同组织StAR基因的表达分析表明,StAR基因在雄鱼性腺中高表达,在雄鱼的肝脏、脑及心脏中表达量较低,而在雄鱼的其他组织中不表达;在雌鱼肠中不表达,在其他组织(卵巢、肝脏、脾脏、脑、垂体、肌肉、心脏、肾脏)中微量表达。荧光定量PCR分析不同组织与不同时期性腺表达谱表明,雄鱼性腺中StAR基因的表达量显著高于雌、雄鱼其他各组织(P0.05),提示StAR基因对雄鱼精巢发育起重要作用。雄鱼不同时期表达谱分析结果显示,StAR基因在66天前的精巢中不表达,在150天时表达量急剧增加,至2龄时表达量最高,3龄时表达量下降,说明该基因在精巢发育成熟过程中起重要作用。原位杂交结果显示,StAR基因主要在雄鱼精巢的精子细胞中表达,而在雌鱼的卵巢中不表达。研究表明,StAR基因在半滑舌鳎精巢发育中发挥作用,且可能在精子形成中发挥重要作用。     

The mariculture potential of the Indonesian reef-dwelling sponge Callyspongia (Euplacella) biru: Growth, survival and bioactive compounds

In the present study, the Indonesian reef-dwelling sponge Callyspongia (Euplacella) biru de Voogd [de Voogd, N.J., 2004. Callyspongia (Euplacella) biru spec. nov. (Porifera: Demospongiae: Haplosclerida) from Indonesia. Zool. Meded. 78, 477-483.] (Demospongiae, Callyspongiidae) was cultured for a period of 6 months at three sites in the Spermonde Archipelago, Indonesia. A total of 250 sponge cuttings of two size classes (30 and 40 mm in length) were threaded on either polyethylene or very fine nylon rope and attached to horizontal mooring systems. All sponge cuttings were photographed at regular time intervals. Survival rates were high (82%-100%) among all treatments used. Growth rates differed significantly among treatments, but did not differ significantly per location, farming method, explant size and explant position obtained from the parent sponge. The concentration of the bioactive compound amphitoxin in the cultured explants was not significantly lower than in the natural population, but the concentration did vary significantly between explants used in the different treatments, and also between the different fragments of the natural population. The high growth potential and high survival rate suggest that this sponge species is a promising candidate for further mariculture development.