不同饲料能量源及其水平对凡纳滨对虾生长、抗氧化能力及蛋白质利用的影响

为探究不同饲料能量源及其水平对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeusvannamei)生长性能的影响,以饲料蛋白质含量为37%,蛋白能量比为20.23 mg/kJ的饲料作为对照组饲料(C),在此基础上分别通过提高饲料碳水化合物、脂肪含量调节饲料能量水平,制作饲料蛋白能量比分别为19.51 mg/kJ (中碳水化合物组, MC)、18.85 mg/kJ (高碳水化合物组, HC)、19.45 mg/kJ (中脂肪组, ML)和18.54 mg/kJ (高脂肪组, HL)的4组实验饲料,在淡水养殖条件下投喂初始体重为(0.6±0.02)g的凡纳滨对虾幼虾56d。结果表明,与对照组相比,提升饲料脂肪水平能显著提高凡纳滨对虾的生长性能和蛋白质沉积率(P<0.05),HL组凡纳滨对虾获得最大特定生长率及蛋白质沉积率;增加饲料碳水化合物水平对凡纳滨对虾的生长性能及蛋白质沉积率无显著影响(P>0.05)。与对照组相比, ML组、MC组、HC组对虾肌肉粗蛋白含量显著提高(P<0.05),HL组对虾肌肉粗蛋白含量较对照组有所提高,但差异不显著(P>0.05),对虾肌肉总脂肪含量则随着...     

高密度养殖凡纳滨对虾的蛋白质生态营养需要量

在高密度养殖条件(平均养殖密度3.1kg/m3)下,用5种蛋白质水平(31%、35%、39%、43%、47%,分别以A～E组表示)的饲料,投喂体质量(6.2±0.2)g的凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei),每个处理组设3个重复,每个重复30尾虾,实验期60d,探讨蛋白质营养对生长、环境因子、排泄与饲料消化特征的影响。结果表明:(1)饲料蛋白水平39%时具有显著促进对虾生长的效果。随着蛋白水平的提高,增重率先增加后降低,饲料系数则相反。(2)养殖水体中氨氮、亚硝氮和磷酸盐浓度随饲料蛋白质水平增加而显著升高,E组与其他各组差异显著(P0.05)或极显著(P0.01)。(3)随着饲料蛋白质含量增加,饲料总消化率显著下降,而蛋白质消化率显著升高(。4)创新建立的对虾日粮蛋白质水平与日增氮、日排有害氮的定量动态变化关系,使蛋白质生态营养需要量得以量化确定。高密度养殖凡纳滨对虾获得最大增重的蛋白质需要量为43.73%,获得最佳生长和氮减排的蛋白质需要量为40.42%。     

饲料中不同泛酸水平对凡纳滨对虾生长性能、饲料利用及血清指标的影响

为研究饲料中不同泛酸水平对凡纳滨对虾生长性能、饲料利用及血清指标的影响,实验配制6种等氮等脂(41%粗蛋白质和8%粗脂肪)的实验饲料,泛酸添加水平分别为0(对照组)、50、100、150、300和600 mg/kg,饲料中实测泛酸水平分别为20.9、69.3、99.0、150.2、304.4和513.6 mg/kg。选用初始体质量为(0.73±0.12)g的凡纳滨对虾720尾,随机分为6组(每组3个重复,每个重复40尾),进行为期8周的养殖实验。结果显示,饲料中不同泛酸水平对凡纳滨对虾增重率和特定生长率的影响不显著;对照组凡纳滨对虾成活率显著低于泛酸添加组,然而各泛酸添加组的成活率组间差异不显著。随着泛酸水平从20.9 m.g/kg增加到99.0 mg/kg时,饲料效率和蛋白质效率显著提高,而随着泛酸水平的进一步增加,饲料效率和蛋白质效率显著降低。饲料中泛酸水平对凡纳滨对虾全虾和肌肉主要成分无显著性影响。对照组对虾血清葡萄糖含量显著低于泛酸各添加组,然而泛酸各添加组之间无显著差异;投喂150.2 mg/kg泛酸组血清甘油三酯含量显著低于对照组和513.6 mg/kg;而血清总蛋白和胆固醇含量不受饲料中泛酸水平的影响。随着饲料中泛酸水平由20.9 mg/kg增至150.2 mg/kg,血清超氧化物歧化酶活力显著提高,而随着饲料中泛酸水平的进一步增加,血清超氧化物歧化酶活力显著降低;饲料中泛酸水平为99.0mg/kg组凡纳滨对虾血清总氧化能力显著高于其他各组;投喂对照组和泛酸水平为69.3mg/kg组的凡纳滨对虾血清丙二醛含量最高,投喂泛酸水平为150.2 mg/kg组血清的丙二醛含量显著低于其他各组。以凡纳滨对虾的饲料效率和蛋白质沉积率为评价指标,通过折线模型分析得到凡纳滨对虾泛酸最适需要量分别为113.40和119.87mg/kg。     

糖和蛋白质水平对饲养于咸淡水中的凡纳滨对虾生长、体营养成分组成和消化率的影响

试验制作了蛋白梯度为35%,40%,45%的6种饲料，在每种蛋白水平下设计两种糖水平（15%和20%）,饲养初始体重为(1.10±0.02) g的凡纳滨对虾，经过56 d的生长试验，观察不同糖和蛋白质水平对于凡纳滨对虾的生长、成活率、机体营养组成和消化率的影响。实验结果表明，凡纳滨对虾对不同水平的糖和蛋白质的利用表现出差异性。各组的成活率没有表现出显著差异，糖水平为20%且蛋白水平为35%组的成活率要高于其它各组，糖水平为20%且蛋白水平为45%组最低，它们分别为93.3%和61.1%。糖水平为20%且蛋白水平为35%组的凡纳滨对虾体增重在各组间最高(269.4%),而且明显高于糖水平为20%且蛋白水平为45%组(117%)（P<0.05)。糖和蛋白质水平对全虾脂肪含量影响较大，在同一糖水平下，体脂肪含量随饲料蛋白含量的升高而升高;同样,在同一蛋白水平下，20%糖组的体脂肪含量要高于15%糖组。糖和蛋白质的水平对凡纳滨对虾对干物质和蛋白质的消化率影响不显著；糖的消化率在蛋白水平为35%且糖水平为20%组最高（P<0.05)。表4参21     

低鱼粉饲料中添加酶解豆粕对凡纳滨对虾生长性能和抗胁迫机能的影响

为研究在养殖过程中降低鱼粉用量的同时保持凡纳滨对虾良好的生长性能和抗逆能力,实验在含10%鱼粉的基础饲料中,分别添加酶解豆粕(PSM) 0%(A)、2.5%(B)、3.5%(C)、4.5%(D)、5.5%(E)制成5组等氮等能饲料,分别投喂初始体质量为(0.45±0.02) g的凡纳滨对虾幼虾8周,检测对虾生长性能及抗胁迫机能。结果显示,8周养殖实验结束后,各实验组对虾的终末体质量为14.65～15.38 g/尾,各组间对虾终末均重、成活率和饲料系数指标均无显著性差异;A组对虾肌肉粗蛋白质含量显著低于其他各实验组;C组、D组和E组对虾肌肉粗脂肪含量显著高于A组;各组间灰分和水分均无显著性差异;D组和E组对虾肝胰腺蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶、血清溶菌酶和血清总超氧化物歧化酶活性(T-SOD)均显著高于A组;A组对虾血清丙二醛(MDA)含量显著高于D组和E组。人工急性感染高剂量副溶血性弧菌的胁迫实验中,A组对虾在弧菌感染48和60 h时的累积死亡率均显著高于D组对虾同期的累积死亡率;低剂量副溶血性弧菌人工急性感染后,在凡纳滨对虾鳃组织中检测Toll受体、免疫缺陷(IMD)和溶菌酶3种免疫相关基因的表达量,结果显示,对虾Toll受体、IMD和溶菌酶mRNA表达量最大峰值分别出现在添加酶解豆粕的C组、B组和D组,峰值出现时刻分别为感染后24、42和24 h。研究表明,含10%鱼粉的饲料中添加0%～5.5%酶解豆粕对凡纳滨对虾的生长性能改善效果不显著,酶解豆粕会显著提高凡纳滨对虾肌肉粗蛋白质含量和粗脂肪含量;显著降低对虾血清丙二醛含量;同时也会显著改变凡纳滨对虾对弧菌的抵抗力及其免疫相关基因的时空表达,酶解豆粕添加量达到4.5%时可使养殖的凡纳滨对虾获得最佳的抗弧菌能力。     

酵母提取物替代鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾消化机能的影响

为探明使用经氨基酸平衡后的酵母提取物替代鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾消化机能的影响,分别用酵母提取物替代饲料中15 %(B)、30 %(C)、45 %(D)、60 %(E)和100 %(F)的鱼粉,配制6种等氮、等能的试验饲料投喂凡纳滨对虾(6.328±0.630 g),以鱼粉含量为25 %的饲料为对照组(A)。饲养7 d后开始收集粪便,测定凡纳滨对虾对饲料的表观消化率。养殖试验结束后,研究酵母提取物替代鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾消化酶的影响。试验结果:凡纳滨对虾对各组饲料均具有较高的干物质表观消化率(77.96 %~81.21 %)和粗蛋白表观消化率(87.19 %~92.82 %)；各替代组饲料的表观消化率均高于对照组,其中C、E和F组的干物质表观消化率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),粗蛋白表观消化率随酵母提取物用量的增加而显著增加(P<0.05)；凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺中类胰蛋白酶的活性随饲料中酵母提取物用量的增加而显著升高(P<0.05),脂肪酶的活性随饲料中酵母提取物用量的增加而显著降低(P<0.05)；肝胰腺中淀粉酶活性最高的为C组；各替代组凡纳滨对虾的肠胰蛋白酶活性均高于对照组。结果表明,以氨基酸平衡酵母提取物替代饲料中的鱼粉可以提高凡纳滨对虾对饲料的消化机能。     

凡纳滨对虾对饲料中钙、磷的营养需求

水温28~31℃,盐度21~24,养殖凡纳滨对虾幼虾,投喂以乳酸钙为钙源、磷酸二氢钠为磷源,在钙添加水平为0%、0.5%、1.0%的条件下,分别添加0%、0.4%、0.8%、1.2%、1.6%的磷配制的15种饲料,探讨凡纳滨对虾饲料中钙、磷的适宜添加量。8周的养殖试验结果显示,饲料钙、磷水平及钙、磷水平的交互作用极显著影响对虾质量增加率、特定生长率、蛋白质效率、饲料系数和存活率(P<0.01)。饲料钙、磷水平极显著影响对虾肌肉粗蛋白、粗脂肪和全虾粗蛋白的含量(P<0.01)。饲料钙、磷水平的交互作用极显著影响全虾粗蛋白和肌肉粗蛋白、粗脂肪的含量(P<0.01)。饲料钙水平极显著影响全虾和虾壳的钙、磷含量及肌肉磷含量(P<0.01),显著影响对虾肌肉钙含量(P<0.05)。饲料磷水平及钙、磷水平的交互作用极显著影响全虾、肌肉、虾壳的钙、磷含量(P<0.01)。饲料钙、磷水平及钙、磷水平的交互作用均不显著影响血清钙离子含量(P>0.05)。在本试验条件下,以特定生长率为判断依据,通过折线模型分析得出,饲料中添加0.5%的钙和0.88%的磷时凡纳滨对虾的特定生长率最高。     

锌对凡纳滨对虾生长、非特异性免疫指标、抗病力及肠道菌群结构的影响

为研究不同锌水平对凡纳滨对虾生长、非特异性免疫指标、抗病力以及肠道菌群结构的影响,实验以ZnSO_4·7H_2O作为锌源,在对虾基础饲料中分别添加0(对照组)、20、40、60、80、100、150 mg/kg有效锌配制成7种等氮等脂饲料,分别投喂初始体质量为(0.45±0.01) g的健康凡纳滨对虾幼虾8周。结果显示:(1)随着饲料中锌水平的提高,对虾增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)、存活率(SR)和蛋白质效率(PER)呈先上升后下降的趋势,饲料系数(FCR)呈先下降后上升的趋势。其中60 mg/kg组WGR和SGR均显著高于对照组;80 mg/kg组FCR最低,PER和SR最高,均显著优于对照组。(2) 80～150mg/kg组虾体粗脂肪含量显著高于对照组;40～80 mg/kg组虾体粗灰分含量显著高于对照组。(3) 40～150 mg/kg组对虾血清总蛋白(TP)、总胆固醇(TC)及甘油三酯(TG)含量均显著高于对照组。(4)饲料中添加锌提高了血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、酚氧化酶(PO)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)和酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性及总抗氧化能力(T-AOC),同时显著降低了血清中的丙二醛(MDA)含量,表明锌可改善凡纳滨对虾的非特异性免疫功能。(5)在人工急性感染哈维氏弧菌的实验中,随着锌水平的提高,对虾存活率呈先上升后下降的趋势,锌添加组存活率均显著高于对照组,且80 mg/kg组存活率最高,抗病力最强。(6)在对虾肠道物种多样性分析中,40和100 mg/kg组对虾肠道有效OTU数目显著高于对照组。随着锌水平的增加,Ace指数和Chao1指数均显著提高,而Shannon指数和Simpson指数无显著变化。研究表明,在本实验条件下,添加适宜水平的锌可促进凡纳滨对虾幼虾的生长、提高抗病力;当饲料中缺乏锌时,对虾的生长和抗病力较差;而过量的锌在一定程度上抑制了对虾的生长,但未出现不良病症。以增重率作为评价指标,饲料中添加94.46 mg/kg锌可显著改善凡纳滨对虾幼虾的生长;以抗病力作为评价依据,凡纳滨对虾幼虾饲料中锌的最适添加量为80 mg/kg。     

饲料中添加浒苔对凡纳滨对虾生长性能和肌肉品质的影响

试验旨在探究饲料中添加浒苔(Enteromorpha prolifera)对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)生长性能和肌肉品质的影响。在鱼粉含量分别为18% (A)和15% (B)的基础饲料中添加0%、3%、6%的浒苔(记为A0、A3、A6、B0、B3、B6),共6组等氮等能饲料,饲喂初始体重为(3.0 ± 0.1) g的凡纳滨对虾8周。结果显示：A0组具有最大增重率(654.2%)和最低饲料系数(1.61),在18% 、15%鱼粉饲料中添加3%浒苔,对虾体生长性能没有显著影响(P> 0.05),添加6%浒苔, 显著降低了增重率,升高了饲料系数 (P < 0.05),降低了虾体粗脂肪含量(P < 0.05);在18%、15%鱼粉饲料中添加3%、6%浒苔,显著降低了凡纳滨对虾的蛋白质效率、蛋白质沉积率、脂肪沉积率和蛋白质消化率(P < 0.05)。在肌肉品质方面,A3、A6、B6组肌肉硬度和咀嚼性均较A0、B0组显著提高(P < 0.05);饲料中添加6%浒苔显著提高了肌肉胶原蛋白含量,降低了肌肉煮失水率和冷冻失水率(P < 0.05);以上结果表明,在凡纳滨对虾饲料中添加3%浒苔,对虾体生长性能没有显著影响,添加6%浒苔,降低了虾体增重率和饲料利用,但可改善肌肉品质。     

凡纳滨对虾幼虾低盐度粗养水体养殖容量的研究

试验设计6个凡纳滨对虾幼虾养殖密度:10、20、30、40、50、60 ind/m2,通过比较60 d养殖周期内的水环境因子、幼虾生长状况与消化酶活性,分析研究凡纳滨对虾幼虾低盐度粗养水体的养殖容量。结果表明:各试验组水质均符合凡纳滨对虾幼虾生长要求,单位水体载虾量主要影响pH、非离子氨氮(NH3-Nm)、溶解氧(DO)等水化指标;不同试验组水体pH、NH3-Nm含量、DO含量、总氮(TN)含量差异极显著(P0.01),浊度、总磷(TP)含量差异显著(P0.05);不同试验组对虾中肠腺蛋白酶活性差异显著(P0.05),表现出单位水体载虾量越高,对虾体内蛋白消化酶活性和氮利用率越低的规律,DO是低盐度粗养水体养殖容量的主要限制因子。综合各项评价指标,得到本试验条件下,凡纳滨对虾幼虾低盐度粗养水体的最佳养殖容量为46.0 g/m3或32.2 g/m2(322 kg/hm2)。     

对虾白斑综合征病毒蛋白质组的研究进展

白斑综合征病毒WSSV(White Spot Syndrome Virus,WSSV)是引起对虾大规模死亡的主要病毒性病原,且该病毒感染的宿主广泛。自WSSV基因组全序列公布以来,国内外的学者对WSSV的研究热点转移到该病毒基因产物功能的相关研究上面来。弄清WSSV感染机理是有效防治病毒的基础,而对其感染机理的阐释则主要是搞清病毒各蛋白在感染中的作用,这些是WSSV蛋白质组学的研究内容之一。分析WSSV蛋白同时可以在分子水平上为研究海洋和陆地生物病毒的进化趋势提供有力的基础。     

几种处理对三叶草叶蛋白提取率及蛋白质质量分数的影响

选用三叶草为试验材料,通过单因素试验设计,探讨料液比、加盐量、不同pH值和絮凝温度4个因素对三叶草叶蛋白提取率及蛋白质质量分数的影响。以叶蛋白提取率、蛋白质量分数为指标,以期获得三叶草叶蛋白提取基础参数。试验表明,料水比1:3、加盐量4%、pH值4.0、絮凝温度80℃时三叶草的叶蛋白提取率最高。     

Fast growth, protein turnover and costs of protein metabolism in yolk-sac larvae of the African catfish (Clarias gariepinus)

In fish larvae the costs of rapid growth may be accommodated by a decrease in the rate of protein turnover or by a reduction in the costs of protein synthesis. Protein growth, synthesis and degradation were measured in yolk-sac larvae of Clarias gariepinus and the costs of protein synthesis and protein growth were estimated. Growth rates were over 100% protein weight day^-1. Protein synthesis retention efficiency (retained protein per unit of synthesis) was estimated to be 69.6%, a value comparable to that of larger fish. The larvae used 43% of their oxygen consumption for protein synthesis. Nevertheless, protein synthesis costs were close to theoretical minima. Therefore, the high growth rates of catfish yolk-sac larvae seem to be possible through minimisation of the costs of protein synthesis. These low costs are associated with high rates of protein synthesis (138%protein weight day^-1), and elevated RNA concentrations (107 µg RNA mg^-1protein), which together suggest very high RNA efficiencies (12.9 g protein synthesized g^-1RNA day^-1).     

Soybean protein concentrate as a protein source for turbot Scophthalmus maximus L.

In the first of two experiments, the effect of a gradual substitution of dietary fish meal with soybean protein concentrate (SPC) on growth, feed consumption and protein digestibility was examined in 13 g turbot Scophthalmus maximus. Five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets (50% protein and 22 kJ g^?1) containing SPC at protein replacement levels of 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% were offered by hand twice daily. Growth rates of fish fed diets with zero and 25% replacement were not significantly different, with SGRs of 2.47 and 2.28, respectively. At higher replacement levels, growth rates decreased significantly with SGRs of 2.00, 1.33 and 0.68, respectively. Feed conversion ratios increased with soya replacement, with values of 0.68, 0.75, 0.89, 1.27 and 2.32, respectively, although there was no significant difference between the first two. Feed consumption rates remained constant up to 50% replacement, above which they decreased significantly, possibly because of reduced diet palatability. Apparent protein digestibility (APD) was not affected by the incorporation of SPC and ranged from 82.8 to 87.5%. Results suggest that protein catabolism increases in SPC‐rich diets, possibly because of rapid assimilation and utilization of the methionine supplement. In the second experiment, the importance of amino acid supplements and the beneficial effects of protecting these, either by coating them in protein or incorporating them in a protein–lipid emulsion, was investigated. Growth data provided some indication that the utilization of SPC may be improved by incorporating the methionine and lysine supplement in a protein–lipid emulsion prior to diet preparation, although this finding was not found to be statistically significant (0.1 < P < 0.2).     

Effect of Dietary Protein Concentration on Growth and Processing Yield of Channel Catfish,Ictalurus punctatus Raised from Advanced Fingerlings to Large Marketable Size

Abstract

This study evaluated the effects of dietary protein concentration (26, 28, and 32%) and an all-plant protein diet (28% protein) on growth, feed efficiency, processing yield, and body composition of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus raised from advanced fingerlings to large marketable size (about 800 to 900 g/fish) for two growing seasons. Fingerling channel catfish (average weight = 56 g/fish) were stocked into twenty 0.04-ha ponds at a density of 18,525 fish/ha. Fish were fed once daily to satiation during the two growing seasons and fed according to recommended winter feeding schedules during the winter. There were no differences in diet consumption, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, survival, processing yields (carcass, shank fillet, and nugget), or fillet composition (moisture, protein, fat, and ash) among fish fed the various diets. These results indicate that a 26% protein diet containing plant and animal proteins or a 28% all-plant protein diet is adequate for channel catfish raised in ponds from advanced fingerlings to large marketable size without adversely affecting weight gain, feed efficiency, processing yield, or body composition. Large marketable-size channel catfish appear to use diets less efficiently but give higher processing yields compared to small marketable-size fish.     

Protein synthesis,growth and energetics in larval herring (Clupea harengus) at different feeding regimes

Rates of growth, protein synthesis and oxygen consumption were measured in herring larvae, Clupea harengus, in order to estimate the contribution that protein synthesis makes to oxygen consumption during rapid growth at 8°C. Protein synthesis rates were determined in larvae 9 to 17 d after hatching. Larvae were bathed in ³H phenylalanine for several hours and the free pool and protein-bound phenylalanine specific radioactivities were determined.Fractional rates of protein synthesis increased 5 to 11 fold with feeding after a period of fasting. Efficiencies of retention of synthesized protein were approximately 50% during rapid growth. Rapid growth in herring larvae thus appears to be characterized by moderate levels of protein turnover similar to those obtained for larger fish. Increases in growth rate occurred without changes in RNA concentration, i.e., the larvae increased the efficiency of RNA rapidly. Oxygen consumption rates were not correlated with growth rates. Protein synthesis was estimated to account for 79% of the oxygen consumption, and energy costs of protein synthesis were high, i.e., about 98 mmole O₂ g^–1 protein synthesized.     

饲料蛋白对翘嘴红鲌蛋白质周转代谢的影响

选择健康的翘嘴红(体重12.84±0.60g)为试验鱼,以红鱼粉为蛋白源,配制5个蛋白水平(31.04%、35.51%、40.89%4、6.62%、50.33%)的等能、等必需氨基酸(EAA)平衡关联度的半精制饲料;又以豆粕替代鱼粉,大豆蛋白分别替代0、13.5%、27%、40.5%、54%的鱼粉蛋白,配制5个EAA关联度的等蛋白(40%)、等能(20MJ.kg-1)的半精制饲料,探讨饲料蛋白水平和大豆蛋白对鱼粉蛋白的替代对翘嘴红肌肉和肝胰脏蛋白质周转代谢的影响。8周饲养结果表明,饲料蛋白水平对翘嘴红的特定增重率(SGR)具有显著性影响(P<0.05),40.89%饲料蛋白组的SGR显著高于31.04%、35.51%饲料蛋白组(P<0.05),但与46.62%和50.33%饲料蛋白组没有显著性差异(P>0.05);饲料蛋白水平对白肌、肝胰脏蛋白质生长率具有相似的影响,40.89%饲料蛋白组的白肌、肝胰脏蛋白质生长率分别达到2.13%.d-1,显著高于31.04%和35.51%两组(P<0.05),但与46.62%和50.33%饲料蛋白组无显著性差异(P>0.05)。饲料蛋白水平的增加促进了翘嘴红的生长和蛋白质的合成。肌肉蛋白质合成率(Ks)、蛋白质降解率(Kd)随饲料蛋白水平的增加而增加(P<0.05),肌肉蛋白质的增加归因于蛋白质合成的增加较降解的增加更占优势,蛋白质的沉积率在适宜蛋白水平时最高。当大豆蛋白分别替代13.5%2、7.0%4、0.5%的鱼粉蛋白时,翘嘴红的SGR与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05),而且都显著高于54.0%替代组(P<0.05)。白肌蛋白质生长率(Kg)也显著受到大豆蛋白替代的影响(P<0.01),当饲料中大豆蛋白对鱼粉蛋白替代量为40.5%时,与对照组相比,Kg极显著下降(P<0.01)。随着饲料中大豆蛋白对鱼粉蛋白替代量的增加,白肌Ks随之降低,当饲料中大豆蛋白对鱼粉蛋白替代量达54%时,与对照组相比,肌肉Ks显著下降(P<0.05)。白肌Kd与白肌Ks的变化趋势相似(P<0.1),而PDE没有受到饲料中大豆蛋白对鱼粉蛋白替代的影响(P>0.05)。可见随着大豆蛋白对鱼粉蛋白替代量的提高,氨基酸平衡关联度逐渐降低,蛋白质合成逐渐降低(P<0.05),生长下降,饲料必须氨基酸平衡程度的变化没有改变蛋白质的沉积效率。     

扇贝闭壳肌蛋白对鲢鱼肌肉蛋白凝胶的修饰

以栉孔扇贝闭壳肌蛋白、大豆分离蛋白、谷氨酰胺转氨酶为影响参数,鲢鱼肌肉蛋白凝胶的弹性、咀嚼性和持水性为响应参数,研究这3个因素对鲢鱼肌肉蛋白凝胶的修饰作用.通过单因素方法,分别就扇贝闭壳肌蛋白及大豆分离蛋白各自对鲢鱼肌肉蛋白凝胶的修饰作用进行了研究,结果表明,在一定范围内,添加扇贝闭壳肌蛋白和大豆分离蛋白可以改善鲢鱼肌...     

The interactive effects of dietary protein and energy on feed intake, growth and protein utilization of juvenile mulloway (Argyrosomus japonicus)

The objectives of this study were to describe the interactive effects of varying digestible protein (DP) and digestible energy (DE) contents on the feed intake, growth, protein utilization and whole body composition of juvenile mulloway ( Argyrosomus japonicus ) and to determine the optimal DP : DE ratio for growth. This was achieved by feeding mulloway diets containing one of four different DP levels (250–550 g kg⁻¹) at two DE levels (16 or 21 MJ kg⁻¹). Juvenile mulloway were stocked at each of two different sizes (70 or 200 g) in triplicate groups for each dietary treatment and fed twice daily to apparent satiation over 58 days. The results indicated that feed intake was not governed solely by energy demands but was also dependant on the DP content of the diet. Protein utilization did not improve with diets containing decreasing protein and increasing lipid content indicating that mulloway have a limited capacity to spare DP. Optimal DP content was found to be 444–491 g kg⁻¹ depending on the DE content of the diet and the size of mulloway and is within the range reported for other sciaenid species. The use of formulated diets with 28.6 g of DP MJ DE⁻¹ will achieve optimal growth and protein deposition for 70–275 g mulloway.     

鱼类蛋白质周转代谢的研究进展

蛋白质周转代谢是鱼体内蛋白质沉积从而使水生动物实现其生命功能的惟一生物学途径,这一过程受到营养和非营养因素的调节。本文简要介绍了蛋白质周转代谢的概念、生物学意义和影响因素,并综述了调控鱼类蛋白质周转代谢的营养与非营养因素,同时介绍了蛋白质周转代谢的研究方法及其存在的问题、未来研究方向,旨为从代谢水平上研究节约蛋白质饲料资源及寻求鱼粉蛋白替代源提供参考。[中国水产科学,2007,14(1):165-172]