斑鳠鱼种耗氧率和窒息点的测定

在水温24.4-26.0℃时对斑Hui鱼种（尾重1.12-4.61g）进行了耗氧率与窒息点测定。结果表明：耗氧率与窒息点均随鱼体体重的增加而降低。平均尾重4.61g的斑Hui耗氧率为0.1580mg/g.h，窒息点为0.1292mg/L；平均尾重1.12g的斑Hui氧率为0.2636mg/g.h。窒息点为0.3040mg/L。白昼和夜晚耗氧率的差异不大。     

中华倒刺鲃鱼种耗氧率和窒息点的初步研究

在一定水温条件下 ,对中华倒刺鱼种 (1 5 5～ 7 2 8g)进行了耗氧率和窒息点的测定 ,结果表明 :耗氧率随鱼体体重的增加而降低。平均体长 4 35cm ,均重 1 5 5 g的个体 ,平均耗氧率为 0 42 0 2mg/g·h ,窒息点为0 441 2mg/L ,平均体长 7 2 2cm ,均重 7 2 8g的个体 ,平均耗氧率为 0 2 2 2 2mg/g·h ,窒息点为 0 8831mg/L。水温与耗氧率呈正相关。     

宝石鲈耗氧率和窒息点的初步测定

在实验室内对2种规格宝石鲈的耗氧率、耗氧量及窒息点进行了测定。实验用水为曝气24 h以上的自来水,水温 25℃,pH值6.5-7．0,D04．9 mg/L。结果表明:宝石鲈的耗氧率随体重增加而降低,而耗氧量和窒息点随体重的增加而上升。平均体长4．77 cm、体重2．18g/尾的宝石鲈耗氧率为0．2561 mg/g·h,耗氧量0．5654 mg/尾·h,窒息点0．448 mg/L;平均体长6．09 cm、体重4．78 g/尾的宝石鲈耗氧率为0．2473 mg/g·h,耗氧量1．1840 mg/尾·h,窒息点0．632 mg/L。     

暗纹东方鲀鱼苗耗氧率和窒息点的初步研究

对暗纹东方鱼屯两个规格鱼苗的耗氧量、耗氧率和窒息点进行了测定。结果显示 :在水温 31～34℃ ,pH 6 5～ 6 8条件下 ,平均全长 2 36cm、体重 0 4 2 9g的鱼苗 2 4h平均耗氧量 0 32 1mg/ (尾·h) ,耗氧率 1 14 9mg/ (g·h) ,窒息点 1 30 9mg/L ;平均全长 3 4 9cm、体重 0 5 6 9g的鱼苗 2 4h平均耗氧量 0 837mg/ (尾·h) ,耗氧率 0 96 8mg/ (g·h) ,窒息点 1 4 86mg/L。     

中华倒刺鲤鱼种耗氧率和窒息点的初步研究

在一定水温条件下,对中华倒刺鲃鱼种(1.55～7.28 g)进行了耗氧率和窒息点的测定,结果表明:耗氧率随鱼体体重的增加而降低.平均体长4.35 cm,均重1.55 g的个体,平均耗氧率为0.4202mg/g·h,窒息点为0.4412 mg/L,平均体长7.22 cm,均重7.28 g的个体,平均耗氧率为0.2222 mg/g·h,窒息点为0.8831 mg/L.水温与耗氧率呈正相关.     

月鳢鱼种耗氧率与窒息点的初步研究

对2种规格月鳢鱼种的群体耗氧率和窒息点进行了测定.结果表明,月鳢的耗氧率随体重的增加而降低.体重3～4 g的个体平均耗氧率为0.31773 mg/g·h,窒息点为0.441 mg/L;7～8 g的个体平均耗氧率0.17943 mg/g·h,窒息点0.700 mg/L.     

兰州鲇苗种阶段耗氧率与窒息点初探

不同规格兰州鲇耗氧率随着个体重量的增加而降低、而窒息点随体重的增加而增加.平均尾重1.09 g和10.6 g兰州鲇苗种,在水温17.7～22.0 ℃时,昼夜的平均耗氧率分别为209.82 mg/kg·h和158.91 mg/kg·h,窒息点分别为0.653 1 mg/L和0.810 8 mg/L.     

胭脂鱼幼鱼的耗氧率及窒息点研究

在自制的可控温密封式流水呼吸室内,对0+龄胭脂鱼(Myxocyprinus asiaticus)的耗氧率和耗氧量进行了测定,并对0+龄和1+龄胭脂鱼的窒息点和窒息过程作了分析。结果显示,平均体重6~7 g的0+龄胭脂鱼在15℃时的平均耗氧率和耗氧量分别为0.0585 mg/(g.h)和0.3567 mg/(尾.h);20℃时的平均耗氧率和耗氧量为0.1176 mg/(g.h)和0.8232 mg/(尾.h);昼间耗氧率与夜间耗氧率未显差异。15、20、25和30℃下0+龄胭脂鱼的窒息点分别为0.4921、0.8319、0.9356和1.5144 mg/L,25和30℃下1+龄胭脂鱼的窒息点为1.0738和1.1027 mg/L。     

华鲮鱼种耐氧力与耐酸碱性研究

在适宜生长温度上、下限的条件下，对2种不同规格的华鲮鱼种进行耗氧率、窒息点和耐酸碱性的测定。结果表明：耗氧率随着鱼体体重的增加而降低、而窒息点随体重的增加而增加。平均尾重6．13g～12．58g的华鲮鱼种在水温13．012～29．0℃时耗氧率为0．1495mg／g．h～0．1071mg／g.h，窒息点分别为0．1395mg／L～0．1572mg／L；其生长的最适宜pH为6．5—7．5。     

合浦绒螯蟹豆蟹耗氧率与窒息点的初步测定

对合浦绒螯蟹两种规格的豆蟹进行了耗氧率和窒息点测定。结果表明，豆蟹耗氧率与窒息点均随机体重增加而降低。平均体重1．25g的豆蟹耗氧率为0．28mg/(g.h),，窒息点为0．24mg/L，平均体重0．70g的豆蟹耗氧率为0．37mg/(g.h)，窒息点为0．33mg/L，合浦绒螯蟹豆蟹的耗氧率呈现出明显的昼夜变化规律。     

Estimation of variation of virulence of Renibacterium salmoninarum by survival analysis of experimental infection of salmonid fish

The variation of virulence of Renibacterium salmoninarum , the causative agent of bacterial kidney disease (BKD) in salmonid fish, was studied by infecting rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), with two isolates (strains 325 and 932) from diseased Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., and one isolate (strain 4366) from an apparently healthy Atlantic salmon. Coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum), were injected with the strain 932 to estimate difference in fish species resistance. Fish were removed by random sampling for other study purposes, a study design possible with analysis of lifetime distributions incorporating both sampling-, death- and survival-times. At the end of the experiment, the rainbow trout infected with strains 325, 932 and 4366 had a survival probability of 33%, 51% and 72%, respectively. The coho salmon infected with strain 932 had a 26% survival probability. The strain differences were significant according to the log-rank test, and the risk ratio between the strains ranged from 1·8 to 5·4. The strain from the apparently healthy fish was least virulent. The survival of the fish species was different over time. Rainbow trout were more likely to die early in the time course, but high numbers of coho died later, resulting in an overall risk of mortality of 1·4 in favour of rainbow trout. Differences in virulence may reflect changed selective pressure on R. salmoninarum when introduced from feral stocks into the environment of fish farms.     

母猪胎衣不下的病因与防治要点

猪的胎盘属于弥散型胎盘,这种胎盘的结构特点和饲养管理的不当,常常导致母猪胎衣不下发生,给生猪的生产繁殖带来极大损失。本文针对母猪胎衣不下发生病因、综合防治进行详细阐述,旨在对预防和治疗胎衣不下能有所帮助。     

水硬度对七彩神仙鱼幼鱼发育的影响

采用不同硬度的水对七彩神仙鱼幼鱼进行饲养。6周龄幼鱼在硬度为7.94°dH±0.30°dH时饲养84d后,比在硬度为14.71°dH±0.23°dH水中的幼鱼个体大,生长速度快。表明较高硬度的水有利于七彩神仙鱼幼鱼的生长发育。     

虎斑乌贼受精卵卵黄营养成分分析

本实验对虎斑乌贼受精卵卵黄的营养成分进行分析,旨在探讨其幼体的营养需求量,为其幼体配合饲料研制提供参考数据。随机选取大约800个虎斑乌贼受精卵的卵黄,采用国家标准方法测定其水分、灰分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、氨基酸、脂肪酸和矿物元素含量。结果表明:1)虎斑乌贼受精卵卵黄中粗蛋白质含量为76.33%(干重基础);总氨基酸(TAA)和必需氨基酸(EAA)含量分别为71.22%和32.38%(干重基础),EAA/TAA为45.46%,氨基酸中以谷氨酸(Glu)含量最高(9.97%),必需氨基酸中亮氨酸(Leu)含量最高(7.58%)。2)其粗脂肪含量12.71%(干重基础);共检出17种脂肪酸,包括8种饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、5种单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)和4种多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA),SFA、MUFA和PUFA分别占脂肪酸总量的43.47%、7.54%和49.25%,其中以DHA含量最高,达32.80%,EPA含量为7.70%,DHA/EPA为4.26。3)检测出Na、K、Ca、Mg、Sr、Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn、Al和As 矿物元素,微量元素中富含Zn、Al和Fe,含量分别为 0.77、0.71和0.43 mg/kg(鲜重基础)。由此可见,卵黄具有高蛋白、低脂肪,富含n-3PUFA的特点;虎斑乌贼幼体饲料中蛋白质需求量参考值为76.33%;氨基酸需求量参考值,如赖氨酸(Lys)为5.49%,蛋氨酸(Met)为2.63%;脂肪的需求量参考值为12.71%,DHA为4.17%,EPA为0.98%;微量元素需求量参考值,如Zn为2.77 mg/kg,Cu为0.19 mg/kg(干重基础)。     

斑节对虾虾苗活力检测方法

该研究通过肉眼观察、镜检，进行干露、饥饿、盐度突降、福尔马林等抗性试验，并采用病毒检测等方法，以期建立评估斑节对虾（Penaeus monodon）虾苗活力和质量标准。结果表明，斑节对虾健康虾苗具有趋光性、集群性，体表光洁，肌肉透亮，肠胃食物充盈等特性。测试虾苗干露时间以15min为宜，健康虾苗干露后能立即恢复活力，而病弱虾苗多出现死亡、昏迷现象；虾苗的成活率随饥饿时间的延长而降低，随福尔马林浓度升高和时间延长而降低，随盐度突降幅度增加而降低。健康虾苗能忍受100～200μL·L^-1福尔马林溶液30min，成活率近100％；在盐度20～30下虾苗的成活情况较好，而其在淡水中仅能存活1h。对虾苗进行病毒检测，可以避免养殖中因虾苗携带病毒而可能导致的病毒性疾病的暴发。     

金鳟、虹鳟苗种长途运输实例

鳟鱼发眼卵和旨种运输是养鳟生产的重要环节。发眼卵多在冬季和早春运输，苗种多在晚春和夏季运输。苗种运输大多以鱼篓充氧进行短距离汽车运输，长途运输冷水性鱼苗种的实例很少。本文总结了金鳟和虹鳟苗种长途运输方法，以期与养鳟业界共同交流提高。一、包装材料和方法内包装材料是苗种运输专用塑料袋，规格54×104cm，外包装是泡沫塑料箱，规格63.5×45.5×30．5cm，纸箱规格64×46×32．5cm。塑料袋采取双层式，内装苗种和水共12.5kg，其中苗种0.5-1．3kg，100－2000尾。起运前苗种停食1－2天。运鱼用水水温调至6℃，鱼、水入袋后袋内…     

Characterization of protease inhibitors of seminal plasma of cyprinids

Anti-proteinase activity was demonstrated in the seminal plasma of cyprinid fish species (bream, chub, ide, dace, asp, goldfish, roach, common carp) using electrophoretic techniques combined with a detection method based on inhibition of bovine trypsin. We found species-specific protease inhibitors in the seminal plasma of cyprinids. At least three bands of protease inhibitors with different migration rates could be identified by native PAGE. Higher variability was characterized for bands with slower migration rates. Visualization of inhibitors after SDS-PAGE under non-reducing conditions allowed estimation of their molecular weights. Apparent molecular weights were within the range of 51–59 and 47–54 kDa for the bands with slower and moderate migration rates, respectively. The molecular weight of fast migration bands for roach and common carp were estimated to 23 and 30 kDa, respectively. Inhibitors of common carp seminal plasma differed in their affinity toward serine proteases. Three inhibitors in common carp seminal plasma could be visualized using cod and bovine trypsin, but only two inhibitors (of high molecular weight) were recognized with chymotrypsin. There were differences in anti-proteinase activity and seminal plasma protein concentration in relation to the origin of common carp seminal plasma (breeding lines) and time of milt collection (spawning vs. post-spawning season).     

鱼类热忍耐温度研究进展

The paper is a review of the studies on the temperature of the thermal tolerance in fishes. It was described from four aspect: (1) The key parameters of temperature of thermal tolerance in fishes; (2) The influence factors of temperature of thermal tolerance in fishes; (3) The research methods of thermal effect of fishes; (4) The evaluation of effects of thermal pollution on fishes, especially, with the coastal power station will be‘built in China recent years, the effects of thermal discharge water on the marine fisheries resource wered iscussed.     

Histopathology of respiratory organs of certain air-breathing fishes of India

Air-breathing fishes have evolved bimodal respiratory mechanisms for exploitation of water (through gills and highly vascularized skin) as well as atmospheric air (through aerial respiratory organs, ABO). Mucous cells in these respiratory organs of variously stressed fishes exhibit periodic fluctuations in their density and staining properties. The main types of damage in the gills include congestion of blood capillaries (BLCs), periodic lifting and sloughing of respiratory epithelia of the secondary lamellae causing haemorrhage, extensive fusion of secondary lamellae and hyperplasia of the respiratory epithelia due to uncontrolled regeneration leading to asphyxiation, altered excretion, and death of the fish. Haemolysis has also been observed following lead exposure. The damage in the ABO of Heteropneustes fossilis includes sloughing of the epithelial cells, leading to haemorrhage causing decreased red blood corpuscles density and degeneration of the secondary gill lamellae with reduced respiratory area. Subsequent hyperplasia of the respiratory epithelia and fusion of gill lamellae increase the respiratory barrier distance. The BLCs often bulge out and protrude into the lumen, bringing blood nearer to air. The ladder-like pillar cell (PLC)-BLC components of the gill lamellae frequently collapse. Damage to the ABO of Channa striata is less severe. Often haemorrhaging due to bursting of extensively stretched BLCs causes aerial respiratory failure. Chloride cells of the ABOs also show hyperplasia. While the highly mucogenic epidermis of C. striata shows less damage, the epidermis of Clarias batrachus and H. fossilis shows severe wear and tear, sloughing, and haemorrhage. Side-by-side regeneration continues, causing altered histomorphology of the epidermis. The different gland cells also show periodic fluctuations in their density and staining. The dermis also shows severe damage with loosening of their connective tissue fibres. These fibres give stronger reactions for sulfated mucin that not only retain additional water molecules for continuance of skin breathing, but also bind the toxic ambient pollutants.     

牙鲆刺激隐核虫病的防治

2005年七、八月份,乐亭、滦南一带多家工厂化牙鲆养殖场发生刺激隐核虫病,此种病虫害发病急、传染快、死亡率高。发生过该病的养殖场牙鲆死亡率一般都在50％～80％之间,这种病害给牙鲆养殖业带来很大损失。