dcELISA检测泥鳅、鲫肌肉中氯霉素残留方法的应用

应用直接竞争酶联免疫吸附试验方法（dcELISA）快速定量测定泥鳅、鲫肌肉中氯霉素（CAP）残留量。氯霉素浓度在0．05～10ng/g范围内具有良好的线性关系，线性方程为y=-0．33—1．88x，r^2=0．995，向样品中分别添加0．1、0．3、0．9ng/g3个浓度水平的氯霉素标准品，泥鳅样品的平均回收率分别为87．2％、88．9％、93．0％，鲫样品的平均回收率分别为86．1％、79．9％、99．0％，最低检测限为O．05ng/g，批内变异系数为8．0％，批间变异系数为7．2％，结果表明该方法灵敏度高，重复性好，适合在泥鳅、鲫肉样中氯霉素残留筛选检测。     

酶联免疫（ELISA）法测定水产品中氯霉素残留量

建立水产品中氯霉素残留量的酶联免疫检测方法。比较不同样品处理方法对检测结果的影响，通过对检测范围、精密度、回收率等项目的测定，验证了方法的可靠性。氯霉素标准在0．05ng／ml-4．05ng／ml范围内具有良好的线性，板问变异系数小于16．4％，样品测定的变异系数为9．4％-13.8％，乙腈水提取方法的回收率在84％-116％之间。     

酶联免疫法测定水产品中呋喃唑酮代谢物AOZ的残留

运用酶联免疫法对水产品中呋喃唑酮代谢物残留测定的方法进行研究。结果表明，稀释倍数对回收率影响显著，而乙酸乙酯提取次数、光照条件和放置时间对测定结果无显著影响。向样品中分别添加0.60、2.00、6.00 μg·kg^-1 3个浓度水平的呋喃唑酮代谢物时，平均回收率分别为99.2%、96.0%和100.0%；批内变异系数为1.76%～12.57%，批间变异系数为5.43%～8.58%，最低检测限为0.3 μg·kg^-1。该方法灵敏度高，重复性较好, 适用于水产品中呋喃唑酮代谢物残留的筛选。     

竞争性酶联免疫法检测水产品中氯霉素

本研究了利用竞争性酶联免疫原理分析测定水产品中氯霉素含量的方法，氯霉素浓度在50～4050ng／Kg范围内呈良好的线性关系，r^2=0．9936。向样品中分别添加0．5μg和2．0μg的氯霉素标准样品，经过检测，其回收率为81．4％～96．2％，相对标准偏差为7．73％和1．97％，结果表明该法筛选检验氯霉素准确精密，重复性好，适合用来检测水产品中的氯霉素。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定海水及水产品中的莠去津

本文采用有机溶剂萃取的提取方法,利用气相色谱一质谱选择离子检测,建立了海水及水产品中莠去津的检测方法。该方法在0．001-0．5μg/L的范围内具有良好的线性范围,线性相关系数为0．9996;在海水和水产品中的检出限（S／N=3）分别为0．001μg/L和0．001mg／kg;在加标回收率试验中,海水中莠去津回收率为95．8％-113．2％,水产品中莠去津回收率为83．1％～92．6％;相对标准偏差（n=6）均小于4．4％。     

水产品中拟除虫菊酯类农药残留检测方法的研究

建立了水产品中氯氰菊酯、甲氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯和溴氰菊酯等拟除虫菊酯类农药残留的提取、净化以及毛细管气相色谱的测定方法。选择40mL正己烷：丙酮（V／V，2：1）混合溶液作为提取液，经冷冻去脂，柱层析净化过程中选用3g中性氧化铝作为净化填料，30mL正己烷：丙酮（V／V，4：1）混合溶液进行洗脱，然后用气相色谱法测定，外标法定量。实验结果表明，在10～200ng／mL线性范围内线性良好，相关系数在0．9993～0．9998。标准品添加量在10～66μg／kg范围内，罗非鱼样品加标实验的回收率在76．9～90．3％，相对标准偏差在1．25—4．66％，样品中氯氰菊酯、甲氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、溴氰菊酯残留量检测方法的检出限为10μg／kg。另外采用鳗鱼和对虾样品的标准添加回收实验进行方法的验证，实验结果表明，平均回收率达到70％以上，相对标准偏差小于10％，符合药残检测要求。本方法可用于进行水产品中多种菊酯类农药残留的检测分析。     

应用ELISA试剂盒检测鱼肉中孔雀石绿和结晶紫

开发了一种用于检测鱼肉中孔雀石绿(MG)和结晶紫的间接竞争酶联免疫(ELISA)检测试剂盒,并对试剂盒性能进行了验证.结果表明,MG浓度在0.2～5.4ng/mL范围内有较好线性关系,50％竞争抑制率为0.50ng/mL,试剂盒检测鱼肉中MG的最低检测限为0.17ng/g.鱼肉中分别添加0.2、0.4、0.8ng/g的MG标准品,回收率均在72.4％以上,批内变异系数小于12.4％,批间变异系数小于12.9％.本方法灵敏度高,重复性好,检测时间短,可同时检测鱼肉中孔雀石绿、结晶紫、隐性孔雀石绿、隐性结晶紫等四种药物的残留总量.     

氢化物原子荧光法测定水产品中的砷、汞

采用氢化物原子荧光法测定水产品中的砷、汞。在0～12μg／mL浓度范围内As、Hg标准曲线相关系数达0．999。As检出限为0．2μg／L，Hg为0．3μg／L，As回收率在100％-162％之间，Hg回收率在124％～152％之间。     

气相色谱法测定鸡蛋中氯霉素残留量

研究了鸡蛋中氯霉素残留的气相色谱测定方法。样品经乙酸乙酯提取后，用Sylon BFT衍生化，进电子捕获检测仪（ECD）测定，外标法定量．结果表明，方法的线性范围在1．0～300ng／mL之间，平均回收率达93．4％，平均相对标准偏差5．5％，检测限为0．1μg／kg。     

2004年上半年渔业形势

2004年1～6月，全国水产品总产量1960．3万t，同比增加5．45％。其中海水养殖产量494．4万t，同比增长7．74％；淡水养殖788．5万t，增长6．32％；海洋捕捞592．6万t，同比增长2．05％；淡水捕捞84．8万t，同比增长9．05％。全国水产品出口103．5万t，同比增长11．7％；出ISl额29．5亿美元，同比增长25．4％；     

Food and feeding habits of Tilapia aurea (Steindachner) (Cichlidae) in Lake Kinneret (Israel)

An analysis of the food of 274 specimens of Tilapia aurea (Steindachner), which had been collected in Lake Kinneret, showed that this species is mainly a zooplankton consumer.A study of the quantitative dynamics of the food components in the course of a year has proved that the species in question feeds more intensely in spring, this being the time when zooplankton forms are more abundant in the water of the lake. Vegetable detritus, mixed with plankton and benthos forms, served as additional and alternative food.The lack of clearly positive degree of food component selectivity, as well as the low values of the intestine repletion index and of the condition coefficient, account for the slowness in growth of Tilapia aurea in Lake Kinneret.The low values of the growth and feeding indices are due, according to the authors, to the pressure brought to bear by the other local fish species, which are competitors for the same food.     

Food and feeding habits of Tilapia zillii (Gervais) (Cichlidae) in Lake Kinneret (Israel)

Analysis of the gut content of 329 specimens of T. zillii (Cichlidae) collected from Lake Kinneret, has shown great variation in the sorts of food.A study of seasonal dynamics has proved the prevalence in the food of Chironomida pupae (Diptera) in winter and spring and of zooplankton forms in summer and autumn. The additional food consisted of the various groups of algae, the most frequently found being Cyanophyta (100%) and Pyrrophyta (64.16%). An extremely voraceous species, it consumes — while searching for its preferred food — anything that comes its way in the water: algae, scraps of macrophytes, autochthonous and allochthonous insects, and forms of benthic origin, such as Nematoda, Ostracoda, Porifera and Chironomida (larvae).The satiation index is high (between 4.08 and 5.63), in contradiction to the low values of the coefficient of condition (between 3.05 and 3.51), and with the slow rate of growth in Lake Kinneret. The main food of Tilapia zillii, consists of arthropod species with a chitin content (which is eliminated unchanged) of more than 50% of the total weight, and this may account for the poor exploitation of the trophic base.This species of fish may be considered as being detrimental to others (i.e. commercially important species) because of its successful competition for food, and not, as is often incorrectly assumed, because it is an aggressive consumer of their spawn and fry.     

不同品系尼罗罗非鱼致死低温的研究

在室内自然降温条件下，研究了三个品系尼罗罗非鱼（吉富品系，“７８”品系，“８８”品系）对低温的耐受力，计算得出每个品系的半致死低温，并对降温过程中尼罗罗非鱼行为活动的变化进行了观察。试验结果表明，在上海地区，当温度降低到１１℃时，罗非鱼开始死亡，到７．４℃时，全部死亡。吉富罗非鱼死亡温度范围是１１℃￣８．４℃，“７８”品系是９．８￣７．４℃，“８８”品系是１１℃￣７．４℃。对三个品系半致死低温的研     

Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) grazing on duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza)

The aims of this experiment were (1) toquantify the ability of grass carp to processduckweed and (2) to assess indirect changes inwater chemistry and phytoplankton community,caused by grass carp feeding. Yearling grass carp sized 126 ± 7.7 mm (TL) and19.6 g in weight were kept in 9 laminate tanksof 1 m³ for 14 days. Two stockingdensities (2 and 6 fish per m³) anda control without fish were used. Standard growthrate (SGR) of grass carp fed exclusively onduckweed was 0.70% body weight (BW) d^–1and food conversion ratio (FCR) reached 2.0(average water temperature =21.1 ± 3.8 °C). Daily food intakewas 0.2 g of duckweed dry weight (DW), i.e.,1% of average BW of grass carp. SGR ofduckweed growing in 20 × 20 cm floatingenclosures, differed significantly[F(6,2) = 417.9; p = 0.002] between the twostocking densities of grass carp and thecontrol tanks (without fish). Mean SGR ofduckweed was 0.02 g g^–1 day^–1 and thehighest SGR was recorded in the control tanks.Both decrease in NH₄-N and increase inNO₂-N concentrations differedsignificantly between the treatments[F(2,2) = 45.3; p = 0.02 and F(2,2) = 19.2; p = 0.04 respectively]. Changes in other nitrogenand phosphorus components (NO₃-N, TN, TPand PO₄-P) caused by stocking of grasscarp were not significant. Biomass ofphytoplankton, dominated by filamentous algaeand blue-greens, increased proportionately tostocking density of grass carp. Althoughduckweed has a large potential for nutrientremoval, the most common pathway for thenutrients released through grass carp grazingif duckweed cover is loose is theirincorporation into phytoplankton biomass.     

叶尔羌高原鳅胚胎发育与胚后发育观察

采用形态学和生态学方法,对叶尔羌高原鳅[Triplophysa(Hedinichthys)yarkandensis(Day)]胚胎发育和胚后发育阶段全过程进行观察、拍照并测量。结果显示:叶尔羌高原鳅,卵微黏性,略有沉性,受精卵呈卵圆形,卵径为(0.60±0.052)mm,在水温(20.0±1.0)℃下,历时65 h 34 min完成整个胚胎发育分为7个生理阶段过程;胚后发育主要根据卵黄囊、体色、鼓鳔和须的变化分为仔鱼期、稚鱼期、幼鱼期。初孵卵黄囊仔鱼全长(2.0±0.65)mm,出膜后7 d,卵黄囊吸收完毕,完全消失;初孵仔鱼继续培育至16日龄,仔鱼鳃盖后缘鼓鳔明显长出,须清晰可辨,体色加深,心脏红色素明显,体色与成体相似,标志后期仔鱼发育完全进入稚鱼期,此时鱼苗全长(8.0±0.45)mm;培育至30日龄,仔鱼鼓鳔完全,鳃盖张合明显,身体透明特征消失,稚鱼阶段完成发育进入幼鱼期,此时全长达(13.0±0.55)mm,其外部形态和生态习性均与成鱼相似。试验中,卵黄囊长度(LY)和出膜天数(D)的关系式:LY=0.0286D2–0.0636D+3.1196(R2=0.9050);用直线方程拟合卵黄囊长度(LY)和卵黄囊仔鱼全长(LT)的关系式:LY=–1.315LT+5.368(R2=0.8199);拟合卵黄囊仔鱼全长(LT)和出膜后仔稚鱼天数(D)的关系式:LT=–0.0263D2+0.5113D+1.6169(R2=0.9890)。本研究旨在通过了解叶尔羌高原鳅的早期发育特征为该物种的保护和增殖对策提供科学依据,并对其苗种生产提供理论指导。     

Development of embryos in Mastacembelus mastacembelus (Bank & Solender, 1794) (Mesopotamian spiny eel) (Mastacembelidae)

In this study, the embryonic development of the eggs in the Mastacembelus mastacembelus (Bank & Solender, 1794) was examined. At the same time, possibilities of artificial breeding through artificial insemination were investigated. Artificial insemination was achieved by mixing the eggs of the mature female and sperm of the mature male samples caught with gill nets (22 × 22) in Ataturk Dam Lake in Turkey. To this end, first in a Petri dish (100 × 20), the testes were cut into small pieces with a lancet and the mixture of sperm–testes‐tissue was obtained. The fertilization rate of the eggs was found to be 80%. The diameter of the eggs ranged from 2.015to 1.147 mm. The perivitelline space formed 0.5 h after insemination. The first cleavage occurred at the animal pool 4 h after insemination. The oil droplets had fused to a single droplet 19 h after insemination. The blastoderm became an embryonic shield 30 h after insemination. The blastoderm covered almost half the egg 40 h after insemination and embryonic body was formed. The blastoderm covered almost the whole egg 50 h after insemination. Some somites were discernible 59 h after insemination. The embryonic body reached two‐third of the circumference of the egg 70 h after insemination. The tail bud began to separate from the yolk 77 h after insemination. A newly hatched larva was observed at 85 h after insemination.     

Transmission of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) from Dendronereis spp. (Peters) (Nereididae) to penaeid shrimp

Dendronereis spp. (Peters) (Nereididae) is a common polychaete in shrimp ponds built on intertidal land and is natural food for shrimp in traditionally managed ponds in Indonesia. White spot syndrome virus (WSSV), an important viral pathogen of the shrimp, can replicate in this polychaete (Desrina et al. 2013); therefore, it is a potential propagative vector for virus transmission. The major aim of this study was to determine whether WSSV can be transmitted from naturally infected Dendronereis spp. to specific pathogen‐free (SPF) Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone) through feeding. WSSV was detected in naturally infected Dendronereis spp. and Penaeus monodon Fabricius from a traditional shrimp pond, and the positive animals were used in the current experiment. WSSV‐infected Dendronereis spp. and P. monodon in a pond had a point prevalence of 90% and 80%, respectively, as measured by PCR. WSSV was detected in the head, gills, blood and mid‐body of Dendronereis spp. WSSV from naturally infected Dendronereis spp was transmitted to SPF L. vannamei and subsequently from this shrimp to new naïve‐SPF L. vannamei to cause transient infection. Our findings support the contention that Dendronereis spp, upon feeding, can be a source of WSSV infection of shrimp in ponds.     

Substitution effect of sea tangle (ST) (Laminaria japonica) with tunic of sea squirt (SS) (Halocynthia roretzi) in diet on growth and carcass composition of juvenile abalone (Haliotis discus,Reeve 1846)

Substitution effect of sea tangle (ST) with tunic of sea squirt (SS) in diet on growth and carcass composition of juvenile abalone was determined. One thousand four hundred and seventy abalones were distributed into 21 containers. Six formulated diets in triplicate were prepared. A 200 g/kg ST was included into the ST0 diet. The 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 g/kg of ST were substituted with the same amount of tunic of SS, referred to as the ST200, ST400, ST600, ST800 and ST1000 diets, respectively. Finally, Undaria was prepared to compare effect of the formulated diets on performance of abalone. The experimental diets were fed to abalone for 16 weeks. Weight gain of abalone fed the ST400 diet was higher than that of abalone fed the ST0, ST600, ST800 and ST1000 diets and Undaria. Weight gain of abalone fed the formulated diets was higher than that of abalone fed the Undaria. The chemical composition of the carcass of abalone was affected by dietary substitution of ST with tunic of SS. In conclusion, ST could be completely substituted with tunic of SS without retardation in performance of abalone. Abalone fed the ST400 diet substituting 400 g/kg ST with tunic of SS achieved the best growth.     

Extinction of Daphnia lumholtzi (Sars) in Lake Kinneret (Israel)

Daphnia lumholtzi (Sars) was found in Lake Kinneret until the late nineteen-fifties. Lake Kinneret was the northern-most limit of the distribution of this species. It is suggested that fingerlings of grey mullets and Sarotherodon aureus that were introduced into Lake Kinneret caused the extinction of D. lumholtzi.