新优365优质高产制种技术

新优365(新露A/温恢365)在浙江衢州平原地区夏制,通常制种产量1.5 t/hm2左右,发芽率75%左右;2007年在浙江磐安县制种10 hm2,平均产量达2.7 t/hm2,发芽率87%.阐述了新优365亲本的主要特征特性,对影响该组合制种产量和质量的限制性因素进行了分析,总结了高产优质制种技术.     

机械插秧密度和氮肥运筹对两优1528群体动态和产量的影响

研究了机插条件下不同的栽植密度、氮肥使用量和氮肥中基、蘖、穗肥不同的用量比例对两系杂交水稻两优1528群体动态、产量构成以及生育进程.结果表明,两优1528分别在机插密度为24.0万穴/hm2、氮肥用量247.5 kg/hm2以及基、蘖、穗肥比例为5:3:2时产量最高.栽植密度过大,无效分蘖增多,每穗总粒数减少,密度过小则群体总量较小,有效穗不足;氮肥用量达247.5 kg/hm2时虽然产量最高,但氮肥偏生产力(PPN)较低,而氮肥用量202.5 kg/hm2可获得较高的产量和氮肥偏生产力.     

中国杂交水稻Ⅱ优838在越南母本直播制种高产技术研究

2004年春季在越南广义省进行了Ⅱ优838直播制种高产试验,面积3.2 hm2,经验收,产量高达4 220.6 kg/hm2;不育系Ⅱ-32A主茎叶片为14.5叶,播始天数为85 d,恢复系辐恢838主茎叶片为14.0叶,播始天数为82 d.辅助试验结果表明,GA3("九二○")用量以250 g/hm2较好;撒播制种产量随氮肥(尿素)用量的增加而增加;Ⅱ优838制种,母本采用撒播为佳,播种量以51.27 kg/hm2为宜.     

红壤稻田氮密互作对五丰优T025茎蘖动态和产量的影响

为筛选出五丰优T025在红壤稻田上的合理氮肥用量和种植密度,本试验以天优998为对照品种,在典型的红壤性水稻土设置了氮肥用量与种植密度试验,系统研究了不同氮密互作条件下五丰优T025的茎蘖动态和产量变化。结果表明,氮密互作下五丰优T025和天优998的分蘖消长动态基本一致,在移栽后60 d（齐穗期）,五丰优T025每m^2有效分蘖328个,天优998为349个;不同氮肥用量的分蘖数不存在显著差异,但不同种植密度之间的分蘖数均存在显著差异,与低密度处理（D21）相比,五丰优T025 D26和D32处理每m^2分蘖数分别增加了13.8%-33.1%、6.4%-11.1%,天优998分别增加30.1%-34.9%、5.7%-12.1%;五丰优T025和天优998均以N180D32处理产量最高,分别为10 719.0 kg/hm^2和9 682.7 kg/hm^2;与天优998相比,五丰优T025的有效穗数和每穗粒数明显要高,由于有效穗数与产量成显著的正相关关系,表明五丰优T025主要是通过增加有效穗数来实现水稻增产。在南方红壤稻田上,五丰优T025的合理氮密配比为N 180 kg/hm^2、栽插密度32万丛/hm^2。     

玉米高产与氮肥高效协同实现存在的问题及其途径

综述施氮对玉米产量、品质及氮素利用率的影响。随施氮量增加,玉米产量先升高后降低,在150~180 kg/hm2可达到最大值;适量施氮可以改善玉米子粒品质;氮肥利用率和氮肥偏生产力均随施氮量增加而降低。通过多年多点数据分析得出,我国华北地区玉米的适宜施氮量为180 kg/hm2左右,可实现玉米高产高效。通过合理减少氮肥用量、改进施肥技术、应用新型肥料并将氮肥运筹与综合农艺管理相结合,可以实现玉米产量和氮素利用效率的协同提高。     

氮肥施用量对内5优8015穗后光合生产和产量及其结构的影响

为明确杂交籼稻新组合内5优8015的耐肥抗倒性,提出合理的氮肥施用方法,进行了不同氮肥施用量处理,研究了不同氮肥施用量对内5优8015在齐穗期后光合产物的积累、产量及其结构的影响.结果表明:内5优8015纯氮总施用量为187.5和225.0 kg/hm2处理的产量结构较优,齐穗期和成熟期干物质产量、齐穗至成熟期的干物质积累量最高,产量显著高于其它处理,但两者之间差异不显著；施氮量187.5 kg/hm2处理的叶面积指数适宜、叶片功能期和光合生产能力较优,植株抗倒性强.内5优8015在生产中以施氮量187.5 kg/hm2为最佳,既可降低氮素用量,又可获得高产.     

施氮量和插植密度对超级杂交晚稻天优998产量的影响

2007—2008年2a晚季研究了不同纯N用量(0,120,165,210kg/hm2)和栽插密度(18×104,24×104,30×104穴/hm2)对超级杂交稻天优998产量及其构成因素的影响。结果表明:N肥用量对单位面积穗数影响较大,对每穗总粒数、结实率和千粒重影响较小;插植密度对单位面积穗数、每穗总粒数和千粒重影响较大,对结实率影响较小。在中等地力条件下,超级杂交晚稻天优998高产栽培的适宜施N量为165kg/hm2,密度为30×104穴/hm2。     

不同栽插密度与施肥水平对荃优丝苗产量的影响

[目的]探索荃优丝苗高产栽培技术,为其推广提供技术参考。[方法]分别设置3种不同的栽插密度和施肥水平,研究大田生产中不同栽插密度与施肥水平对荃优丝苗产量的影响。[结果]3种栽插密度的处理间产量存在差异,但均未达到显著水平。其中25.5万穴/hm2移栽密度的处理产量最高,达9764.5 kg/hm2,栽插过稀过密均不利于获得高产。不同施肥水平其产量差异较大。较低栽插密度下,随着施肥量的增加,荃优丝苗产量呈增加趋势;高密度栽培时,施肥不能过多,否则产量会降低。[结论]荃优丝苗作中稻栽培,目标产量在10500 kg/hm2左右时,栽培密度为25.5万穴/hm2以内,则适宜的氮肥施用量为225 kg/hm2左右,施肥过多或过少均不利于产量的提高。     

Ⅱ优183高产制种技术

Ⅱ优183是福建省南平市农科所用Ⅱ-32A不育系与自育恢复系南恢183配组育成的中籼稻新组合,2004年通过福建省品种审定委员会审定.2003～2004年罗源县种子管理站引种试种,通过2a试种该组合表现产量高、米质优、生育期与汕优63相当,适应性广等特点,适合罗源县作中晚稻种植,其大田生产一般产量在7.2～8.0t/hm2,最高单产可达9.15t/hm2.同时该组合还具有易制种且产量高,2004年在罗源县半山区西里乡档厝村Ⅱ优183制种12hm2,平均产量3.77t/hm2,最高产量4.24 t/hm2,现将该组合高产制种技术总结如下.     

油菜氮肥的轻简施用技术研究

研究了油菜氮肥的轻简施用技术,包括适宜的施用方式、用量和缓释比例（即缓释氮肥用量占总氮肥用量的比例）,及其在直播和移栽油菜间的差异。试验1中设不施肥、普通氮肥撒施、条施（穴施）、撒施翻盖、四次施肥、三次施肥、两次施肥、一次施肥及一次施缓释肥等处理;试验2中设一次施肥各施氮0、90、180、270和360kg/hm2共5个处理,普通氮肥和缓释氮肥两种类型;试验3中设一次性施肥各0、25％、50％、75%和100%共5种缓释比例及不施氮处理;全部试验分直播和移栽两种种植模式。结果表明,试验条件下,一次性施用缓释氮肥产量高于常规氮肥,且移栽油菜产量高于直播油菜;常规氮肥和缓释氮肥的最佳产量的施氮量,直播油菜分别是245.9kg/hm2和242.2kg/hm2,移栽油菜分别是225.0kg/hm2和239.6kg/hm2;高比例缓释氮肥更有利于直播油菜生长和氮肥利用效率提高,直播油菜氮肥最佳缓释比例为78.8%～80.8%,移栽油菜氮肥最佳缓释比例为25.0%。试验还表明,一次性施氮条件下,条施处理或穴施处理的油菜产量最高,撒施翻盖处理次之,撒施处理效果最差;在同等施肥水平下,增加氮肥的施用次数可以提高直播油菜的产量,对移栽油菜也表现相似的结果。分析认为,不同油菜产区可以根据劳动力状况、机械化水平、经济条件和习惯种植模式等选择适宜的氮肥轻简施用技术;一次性施氮条件下,选用普通氮肥可以适度增加用量以获得传统多次施肥的产量,选用缓释氮肥用量可以适当降低;对直播油菜而言,可以施用更高比例缓释氮肥以达到增加产量和氮肥利用效率的目的。     

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族6个成员的染色体物理定位

MADS-box基因家族广泛分布于真核生物中,巴西橡胶树的MADS-box基因家族主要参与花形态建成,对生殖生长起到重要的调节作用。目前,MADS-box基因家族的26个相关基因已被克隆分析,但它们在染色体上的具体位置还未确定。本研究以巴西橡胶树‘热研7-33-97’品种为材料,将MADS-box基因家族的6个成员（HbAGL8、HbAG15、HbAGL30、HbTT16、HbAP1和HbSVP1）定位在细胞核染色体上,通过双探针荧光原位杂交技术（FISH）对巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族的这6个成员在细胞核染色体上进行物理定位分析。结果表明：MADS-box基因家族的6个基因分别位于不同的染色体上,其中HbAGL15、HbAG8、HbAG30和HbSVP1基因定位在第4、5、7和8号染色体长臂上,其信号位点到着丝粒的平均百分距离是11.85、39.71、48.94和6.70;HbTT16和HbAP1基因定位在第1和13号染色体短臂上,其信号位点到着丝粒的平均百分距离是22.19和18.01。本研究结果揭示了巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族的6个成员在细胞核染色体上的实际位置,展现家族基因之间的分布特点和连锁遗传关系,不仅丰富了橡胶树分子细胞遗传学信息,也为橡胶树的分子辅助育种和比较基因组学研究提供了分子细胞遗传学的科学理论依据。     

Comparison of two methods of PCNB application for control of Rhizoctonia infection of potatoes

A broadcast application of PCNB (Terraclor) resulted in a reasonably uniform distribution of the chemical in the soil with the concentration decreasing in a linear fashion with increasing depth in the soil profile. A banded application resuluted in a considerably higher chemical concentration at the 4–6 inch depth than at the 0–2 or the 2–4 inch depths. The problem of the lack of uniformity of chemical distribution could probably be solved by altering nozzle placement and size and allow use of the band method of application to minimize grower cost. More complete disking in the case of the broadcast treatment would probably result in a relatively uniform distribution of the chemical but at higher cost to the grower. PCNB application rates of 10, 15 and 25 lbs per acre broadcast and 71/2, 10 and 121/2 lbs per acre in a band significantly reduced the severity ofRhizoctonia infection of Russet Burbank potatoes but did not increase potato yields significantly.     

Prediction of the digestibility of the diet of horses: evaluation of faecal indices

Data from in vivo digestibility trial with four to six horses fed twenty-seven forage-based diets are used to calculate prediction equations for the digestibility of dry and organic matter, based on the crude ash (CA), crude protein (CP) and crude fibre (CF) contents of diets and faeces. The most precise prediction of dry-matter digestibility (r.s.d. = 0.032, R²= 0.80) was derived from a multiple regression including faecal (CP, CF) and dietary parameters (CF). Among faecal parameters, CP was the best single predictor of both digestibility (r.s.d) = 0.040, r²= 0.63) and dietary CP content (r.s.d = 0.028, r²= 0.59). For biological reasons we propose a non-linear model that allows prediction of dry- and organic-matter digestibility from faecal CP Content with reasonable Precision (r.s.d = 0.038, 0.036, r²= 0.65, 0.74, respectively). This will be adequate for many studies, especially for free-living animals in rangelands.