2010年我国麻纺织行业经济运行情况及2011年展望

2010年以来,我国麻纺织行业经济运行整体回暖并于年底快速发展,生产增长,亏损减弱,效益增加,盈利能力回升,进出口贸易好转,麻纺行业总体出现趋暖的态势.但面临的困难未有根本性好转,产品结构调整、技术进步、内销市场拓展的任务依然紧迫.2011年全行业形势将继续稳定发展.     

促进我国麻纺织工业与麻类纤维资源协调发展

1我国麻纺织工业发展现状及差距我国的麻纺织工业包括苎麻纺织、亚麻纺织、黄(红)麻纺织,以及大麻、竹原纤维、罗布麻、剑麻等韧皮纤维和叶纤维纺织业,具有完整的生产体系和相当的规模,成为世界麻纺织大国,苎麻纺织、亚麻纺织的生产和贸易居世界首位。主要麻纺织品产销量,麻纱线、织物、制成品及服装出口持续增长。1.1“十.五”期间我国麻纺织工业持续稳步发展1.1.1 2005年麻纺织及麻制品制造业(规模以上)销售产值达170.9亿元,与2000年相比增长147.07%;利润总额4.84亿元,与2000年相比增长476.2%。亚麻纺织快速发展,苎麻纺织也得到恢复增长。…     

促进我国麻纺织工业与麻类纤维资源协调发展

1 我国麻纺织工业发展现状及差距 我国的麻纺织工业包括苎麻纺织、亚麻纺织、黄（红）麻纺织，以及大麻、竹原纤维、罗布麻、剑麻等韧皮纤维和叶纤维纺织业。具有完整的生产体系和相当的规模，成为世界麻纺织大国，苎麻纺织、亚麻纺织的生产和贸易居世界首位。主要麻纺织品产销量。麻纱线、织物、制成品及服装出口持续增长。     

我国麻纺织业发展面临五大任务

2002年我国麻纺织业经济运行保持稳定增长。据中国麻纺行业协会分析,2003年麻纺织业的发展将面临以下五大任务:一、国内外麻纺织市场将保持稳定,出口及国内市场需求将会持续增长。协会预计2003年我国主要麻纺产品,包括苎麻纱线、苎麻织物、亚麻纱线、亚麻织物等的出口将继续保持较大幅度的增长,国内市场需求也将出现明显的增长。据浙江主要亚麻企业市场销售结构的比较调查,产品内销的比重在60%以上,产销率超过100%。协会建议麻纺织企业应围绕市场需求,不断改进贸易方式及手段,保持传统市场份额,拓展新的贸易渠道和机会,争取更大的市场发展空…     

中国纺织工程学会麻纺织专业委员会2001年学术交流会在山东烟台召开

２００１年１０月１５日至１８日，中国纺织工程学会麻纺织专业委会２００１年学术交流会在山东烟台召开。此次会议共有４１名来自麻纺企业、行业协会、大专院校及科研院所的代表参加。中国麻纺行业协会理事长张世平在会议上做了重要讲话，对前一阶段麻纺行业的科研、生产及经营状况进行了回顾与总结，并对今后行业的发展进行了展望。此次会议共有２０名代表宣读了科研论文及工作报告，论文质量高，涉及“贸、工、科、农”等诸多领域，在与会代表中引起较大反响。通过交流与沟通，代表普遍认为，麻类行业是我国极具民族特色的产业，但长期以…     

对我国麻类生产质量安全的探讨

我国是世界上麻类生产、贸易大国.目前我国麻类生产加工中存在的主要问题质量监控检测体系不健全,原料市场较乱,良种区域化程度低,初加工技术落后,麻纺织加工水平低.所以加强麻类质量监督检测体系建设,提高类麻检测手段,规范市场行为,加强优质育种,实行良种区域化,采用先进的加工技术,加强横向联合等是提高我国麻类生产质量水平和市场竞争力的主要对策.     

我国麻纺工业的现状及发展方向

1 基本概况 中国麻纺织工业是以韧皮纤维和叶纤维为原料的特色纺织加工业,按其原料和工艺设备特征划分主要有 : 苎麻纺织、亚麻纺织、黄麻纺织,还有大麻、罗布麻、剑麻、菠萝麻、椰壳纤维等十多种其他麻类纤维资源.     

我国麻纺工业的现状及发展方向

１基本概况中国麻纺织工业是以韧皮纤维和叶纤维为原料的特色纺织加工业，按其原料和工艺设备特征划分主要有：苎麻纺织、亚麻纺织、黄麻纺织，还有大麻、罗布麻、剑麻、菠萝麻、椰壳纤维等十多种其他麻类纤维资源。传统的麻纺织工艺在中国历史悠久，苎麻纺织距今已有４７００多年的历史，早在唐朝，苎麻夏布的生产就非常普及。机器加工始于十九世纪末，从１８９０年建立第一个机器加工的麻纺织厂到１９４９年的６０年间，仅发展了１１家麻纺织厂，主要的黄麻、苎麻企业，亚麻企业基本空白。新中国成立后，特别是改革开放以来的２０多年里，…     

对茶叶行业信用体系建设的探讨

作为社会信用的重要组成部分,行业信用是市场经济发展的基石,对市场经济的发展具有重要作用。然而我国茶叶行业信用缺失、法律意识淡薄等现象严重影响了我国茶叶行业形象和信誉。本文以行业信用体系及对茶叶行业重要性为切入点,分析了我国茶叶行业信用体系发展现状,探讨如何促进我国行业信用体系的发展。     

发刊词

为满足麻类科技不断发展的需要,顺应行业对刊物的更高需求,作为麻业知识和技术的传播载体,理应顺民意,顾大局,与时俱进,确保反映麻业科技发展的最新动态.<中国麻业科学>的问世,是我国麻类行业的大事,也是该行业日益兴旺的标志.     

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族6个成员的染色体物理定位

MADS-box基因家族广泛分布于真核生物中,巴西橡胶树的MADS-box基因家族主要参与花形态建成,对生殖生长起到重要的调节作用。目前,MADS-box基因家族的26个相关基因已被克隆分析,但它们在染色体上的具体位置还未确定。本研究以巴西橡胶树‘热研7-33-97’品种为材料,将MADS-box基因家族的6个成员（HbAGL8、HbAG15、HbAGL30、HbTT16、HbAP1和HbSVP1）定位在细胞核染色体上,通过双探针荧光原位杂交技术（FISH）对巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族的这6个成员在细胞核染色体上进行物理定位分析。结果表明：MADS-box基因家族的6个基因分别位于不同的染色体上,其中HbAGL15、HbAG8、HbAG30和HbSVP1基因定位在第4、5、7和8号染色体长臂上,其信号位点到着丝粒的平均百分距离是11.85、39.71、48.94和6.70;HbTT16和HbAP1基因定位在第1和13号染色体短臂上,其信号位点到着丝粒的平均百分距离是22.19和18.01。本研究结果揭示了巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族的6个成员在细胞核染色体上的实际位置,展现家族基因之间的分布特点和连锁遗传关系,不仅丰富了橡胶树分子细胞遗传学信息,也为橡胶树的分子辅助育种和比较基因组学研究提供了分子细胞遗传学的科学理论依据。     

Comparison of two methods of PCNB application for control of Rhizoctonia infection of potatoes

A broadcast application of PCNB (Terraclor) resulted in a reasonably uniform distribution of the chemical in the soil with the concentration decreasing in a linear fashion with increasing depth in the soil profile. A banded application resuluted in a considerably higher chemical concentration at the 4–6 inch depth than at the 0–2 or the 2–4 inch depths. The problem of the lack of uniformity of chemical distribution could probably be solved by altering nozzle placement and size and allow use of the band method of application to minimize grower cost. More complete disking in the case of the broadcast treatment would probably result in a relatively uniform distribution of the chemical but at higher cost to the grower. PCNB application rates of 10, 15 and 25 lbs per acre broadcast and 71/2, 10 and 121/2 lbs per acre in a band significantly reduced the severity ofRhizoctonia infection of Russet Burbank potatoes but did not increase potato yields significantly.     

Prediction of the digestibility of the diet of horses: evaluation of faecal indices

Data from in vivo digestibility trial with four to six horses fed twenty-seven forage-based diets are used to calculate prediction equations for the digestibility of dry and organic matter, based on the crude ash (CA), crude protein (CP) and crude fibre (CF) contents of diets and faeces. The most precise prediction of dry-matter digestibility (r.s.d. = 0.032, R²= 0.80) was derived from a multiple regression including faecal (CP, CF) and dietary parameters (CF). Among faecal parameters, CP was the best single predictor of both digestibility (r.s.d) = 0.040, r²= 0.63) and dietary CP content (r.s.d = 0.028, r²= 0.59). For biological reasons we propose a non-linear model that allows prediction of dry- and organic-matter digestibility from faecal CP Content with reasonable Precision (r.s.d = 0.038, 0.036, r²= 0.65, 0.74, respectively). This will be adequate for many studies, especially for free-living animals in rangelands.