优质高淀粉甘薯新品种莆薯16的选育

甘薯是我国主要淀粉作物．常年种植面积达6×10^6hm2,随着国家甘薯产业化的发展和国际育种目标的改变．高淀粉品种的选育是当前我国甘薯育种的重要育种目标。针对此情况．福建省莆田市农业科学研究所及时转变育种策略,积极开展优质、高淀粉品种的选育工作．并取得突破性进展。莆薯16是莆田农科所运用远缘复合杂交方式选育的优质高淀粉甘薯新品种。     

提高甘薯育种效率的途径

甘薯是我国的主要农作物之一，栽培面积和产量居世界首位。甘薯于１５８４年由国外引进，在我国已有４００多年的栽培历史，而开展育种工作则始于１９４６年，迄今只有短短的５０余年。我国的甘薯生产在５０年代得到快速发展，６０年代达到发展的顶峰，育种工作在主产省区...     

三十年来茶树品种研究的总回顾

一、前言种是农业生产的前提,有了优良品种,即使在不增加劳动力、肥料的情况下,亦能获得较好的收成。因此,选育并推广优良的农作物品种,是直接提高农作物单产、增加农田经济效益的最有效途径。而选育推广优良品种的基础是品种资源。我国自古以农立国,农作物品种资源十分丰富,这是农作物选种、育种与用种的宝贵资源,是我国农业生产的重要财富,应该充分地发掘与利用它。     

河西灌区春小麦超高产品种选育探讨

本文分析了选育和推广优良品种对河西灌区春小麦超高产育种的可行性和育成品种的产量表现及示范面积，提出选育超高产品种的主长方向是提高丰产性与抗倒强度；突破口是处理好高产与稳定产的关系，提出了超高产品种的两处株型模型，探讨了超高产育种以及在试验中存在的问题。     

加快硬粒小麦育种进程的试验

硬粒小麦的原始材料的种非常有限.因此,在硬粒小麦育种中公认的育种方法主要有种内杂交和利用单交、复交进行的种间杂交.我们分别选用了单交和复交两种方法,单交在田间进行,而复交(主要是F_1的复交)是在温室中进行的.温室中供育种的面积为100平方米.室内的架格上放置1050个培养器皿,每一个器皿中栽培6-7个植株.在杂交中选用当地品种及引进的东南农业科研所等苏联八个单位选育的良种,硬粒冬小麦主要来自于全苏育种与遗传研究所和克拉斯诺亚尔斯克农科所.     

河西灌区春小麦超高产品种选育探讨

本文分析了选育和推广优良品种对河西灌区春小麦超高产育种的可行性和育成品种的产量表现及示范面积，提出选育超高产品种的主攻方向是提高丰产性与抗倒强度；突破口是处理好高产与稳产的关系，提出了超高产品种的两种株型模型；探讨了超高产育种以及在试验中存在的问题。     

贵州甘薯地方品种的主要性状分析

甘薯是贵州省重要的旱地作物之一,长期栽培形成了丰富的甘薯品种资源。本文通过田间试验对收集的贵州甘薯地方品种的主要性状进行鉴定,以期筛选性状优良的地方品种,为贵州甘薯育种提供材料及在生产上进行推广。     

浙江省农林局、浙江省生产建设展览馆主办——浙江省农作物优良品种展览——茶树良种参加展出

在毛主席革命路线指引下,浙江省一个以良种为中心的群众性科学实验运动正在蓬勃开展,全省建立了选种、育种科技队伍和良种繁育基地,选育和推广了一批农作物优良品种,促进了农业生产的发展。为了进一步落实毛主席亲自制定的农业“八字宪法”广泛交流开展群众性选育种活动的经验,推     

甘薯新品种莆薯90在莆田城厢区种植表现及高产栽培技术

甘薯新品种莆薯90是莆田市城厢区2009年以来示范推广的优良品种之一。介绍了莆薯90在莆田市城厢区种植表现,总结了其高产栽培技术,以期为甘薯栽培生产提供参考。     

能源甘薯新品种选育探讨

能源甘薯是单位面积生产淀粉量较高的甘薯。根据多年能源甘薯选育的经验．提出了能源甘薯的选育应以单位面积薯干产量为主,其次是干物率．鲜产再次之;品系鉴定的入选率应在20％左右：高产年份和高产地块并不利于优良品种的选择：增加试验田的平整一致性比提高试验田的土壤肥力更重要：干物率的取样误差远大于年际间环境条件的变化：首次提出YKL值代表着一个品种的生产能力．可作为品种鉴定选择的参考依据．     

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族6个成员的染色体物理定位

MADS-box基因家族广泛分布于真核生物中,巴西橡胶树的MADS-box基因家族主要参与花形态建成,对生殖生长起到重要的调节作用。目前,MADS-box基因家族的26个相关基因已被克隆分析,但它们在染色体上的具体位置还未确定。本研究以巴西橡胶树‘热研7-33-97’品种为材料,将MADS-box基因家族的6个成员（HbAGL8、HbAG15、HbAGL30、HbTT16、HbAP1和HbSVP1）定位在细胞核染色体上,通过双探针荧光原位杂交技术（FISH）对巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族的这6个成员在细胞核染色体上进行物理定位分析。结果表明：MADS-box基因家族的6个基因分别位于不同的染色体上,其中HbAGL15、HbAG8、HbAG30和HbSVP1基因定位在第4、5、7和8号染色体长臂上,其信号位点到着丝粒的平均百分距离是11.85、39.71、48.94和6.70;HbTT16和HbAP1基因定位在第1和13号染色体短臂上,其信号位点到着丝粒的平均百分距离是22.19和18.01。本研究结果揭示了巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族的6个成员在细胞核染色体上的实际位置,展现家族基因之间的分布特点和连锁遗传关系,不仅丰富了橡胶树分子细胞遗传学信息,也为橡胶树的分子辅助育种和比较基因组学研究提供了分子细胞遗传学的科学理论依据。     

Comparison of two methods of PCNB application for control of Rhizoctonia infection of potatoes

A broadcast application of PCNB (Terraclor) resulted in a reasonably uniform distribution of the chemical in the soil with the concentration decreasing in a linear fashion with increasing depth in the soil profile. A banded application resuluted in a considerably higher chemical concentration at the 4–6 inch depth than at the 0–2 or the 2–4 inch depths. The problem of the lack of uniformity of chemical distribution could probably be solved by altering nozzle placement and size and allow use of the band method of application to minimize grower cost. More complete disking in the case of the broadcast treatment would probably result in a relatively uniform distribution of the chemical but at higher cost to the grower. PCNB application rates of 10, 15 and 25 lbs per acre broadcast and 71/2, 10 and 121/2 lbs per acre in a band significantly reduced the severity ofRhizoctonia infection of Russet Burbank potatoes but did not increase potato yields significantly.     

Prediction of the digestibility of the diet of horses: evaluation of faecal indices

Data from in vivo digestibility trial with four to six horses fed twenty-seven forage-based diets are used to calculate prediction equations for the digestibility of dry and organic matter, based on the crude ash (CA), crude protein (CP) and crude fibre (CF) contents of diets and faeces. The most precise prediction of dry-matter digestibility (r.s.d. = 0.032, R²= 0.80) was derived from a multiple regression including faecal (CP, CF) and dietary parameters (CF). Among faecal parameters, CP was the best single predictor of both digestibility (r.s.d) = 0.040, r²= 0.63) and dietary CP content (r.s.d = 0.028, r²= 0.59). For biological reasons we propose a non-linear model that allows prediction of dry- and organic-matter digestibility from faecal CP Content with reasonable Precision (r.s.d = 0.038, 0.036, r²= 0.65, 0.74, respectively). This will be adequate for many studies, especially for free-living animals in rangelands.