浅论清代紫砂壶艺术

紫砂壶是人们日常生活中用以沏茶和饮茶的一种实用器具,起始于宋,盛于明清,流传至今.我国紫砂壶艺术的发展至今已有八百多年的历史,经历了古朴、华丽和淡雅的历史演变,明代中叶以后尤其是清代,逐渐形成了融文学、书法、绘画、篆刻、雕塑为一体的紫砂陶土艺术品,成为世界上无与伦比的陶中瑰宝而载人史册.……     

明清时期茶诗的美学思想及艺术包容

明清是中国古代茶文化发展的最后一个鼎盛时期,其间曾涌现出大量的以"茶"为吟咏对象的诗作,即茶诗。明清时期的茶诗蕴含着一定的美学思想及艺术内容,也是研究明清茶艺术发展的一个重要载体。本文从茶诗的角度,简要分析了明清的茶诗创作,在此基础上,从多方面对明清时期茶诗的美学思想及艺术包容进行了探索。     

影响中国紫砂史的历代名壶

中国茶文化源远流长，与之相伴相生的紫砂文化，历来受到人们的喜爱和追捧。紫砂壶是中国特有的，集诗词、绘画、雕刻、手工制造于一体的陶土工艺品，是悠久中华文明孕育出来的独特产物。千百年来，一代又一代壶艺家将自己匠心独具的审美情趣，注入其中，使紫砂壶从煮水冲茶的普通器具，变身为文人雅赏、世人珍藏的艺术珍品，广受人们的喜爱。     

紫砂壶上的镌刻

紫砂壶上刻款、题识,是壶外艺术。最早制壶人的初衷,可能是想做个记号,记上自己的名字、制作年月。也可能是受书画家把自己的名款写在作品上的影响,     

紫砂壶的雕塑艺术

装饰工艺是提高传统陶瓷质量和艺术价值的极为重要的手段。尤其是宜兴紫砂壶,因里外不施釉,就需要有较高的制作水准及装饰,以满足不同层次使用者的需求。另一方而,装饰本身还具有时代性,它是当时社会、政治、经济、文化的反映;     

闲话紫砂茶壶

"紫瓯烹团月,香茗涤新源."紫砂壶与茶文化不可分离.宜兴紫砂壶艺的发展,与当地产茶有着密切关系.宜兴产茶历史悠久,三国时期就著称于江南一带,到了唐代,阳羡茶更是名闻华夏.紫砂壶沏茶的妙处,明代李渔曾这样写道:"茗注莫妙于砂,壶之精者又莫过于阳羡.""茶壶以砂者为上,盖既不难看又无熟汤气,故用以泡茶,不失原味,色香味皆蕴."     

茶壶设计的适用实用之美——以紫砂壶为例

茶壶作为茶叶泡制和斟茶所用的必备器具,是茶具的重要组成部分之一。随着茶文化的不断发展,以茶壶为代表的茶具在设计上的实用美也逐渐突现出来。本文以紫砂壶为例介绍了我国茶壶的起源与发展,从艺术形态上分析了紫砂壶的形态特点,并对紫砂壶的实用之美进行了深层次的评析。     

影响中国紫砂史的历代名壶(一)

中国茶文化源远流长,与之相伴相生的紫砂文化,也越来越受到人们的喜爱和追捧。紫砂壶是中国特有的,集诗词、绘画、雕刻、手工制造于一体的陶土工艺品,是悠久中华文明孕育出来的独特产物。千百年来,一代又一代壶艺家将自己匠心独具的审美情趣,注入其中,使紫砂壶从煮水冲茶的普通器具,变身为文人雅赏、世人珍藏的艺术珍品,广受人们的喜爱。紫砂壶的起源一直可以上溯到2400多年前春秋时代的越国大夫范蠡,就是那位功成身退的与     

紫砂壶设计中的茶文化底蕴之我见

紫砂壶,作为茶文化的有效物质载体与文化表现,从造型设计到装饰效果,无不体现着茶文化博大精深的精神底蕴,与茶文化水乳交融,成为茶文化艺术物质体现不可分割的一个有机组成部分。     

茶文化视野下的紫砂壶艺术设计探究

紫砂壶在我国茶文化当中扮演重要角色,其能够使品茶过程更具有美感。紫砂壶是实用性与艺术性相结合的艺术品,整体造型大方雅致,同时还蕴含着深厚的文化底蕴,受到国内外人士的称赞,同时也受到收藏家的青睐以及收藏。本文简要地阐述了紫砂壶在制作工艺上的三大特色,从茶文化的角度出发,详细分析了设计师在茶文化的影响之下的设计理念,深入地探讨了紫砂壶在造型和色彩这两方面的设计工艺,以便深入地研究茶文化,发掘紫砂壶的艺术价值。     

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族6个成员的染色体物理定位

MADS-box基因家族广泛分布于真核生物中,巴西橡胶树的MADS-box基因家族主要参与花形态建成,对生殖生长起到重要的调节作用。目前,MADS-box基因家族的26个相关基因已被克隆分析,但它们在染色体上的具体位置还未确定。本研究以巴西橡胶树‘热研7-33-97’品种为材料,将MADS-box基因家族的6个成员（HbAGL8、HbAG15、HbAGL30、HbTT16、HbAP1和HbSVP1）定位在细胞核染色体上,通过双探针荧光原位杂交技术（FISH）对巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族的这6个成员在细胞核染色体上进行物理定位分析。结果表明：MADS-box基因家族的6个基因分别位于不同的染色体上,其中HbAGL15、HbAG8、HbAG30和HbSVP1基因定位在第4、5、7和8号染色体长臂上,其信号位点到着丝粒的平均百分距离是11.85、39.71、48.94和6.70;HbTT16和HbAP1基因定位在第1和13号染色体短臂上,其信号位点到着丝粒的平均百分距离是22.19和18.01。本研究结果揭示了巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族的6个成员在细胞核染色体上的实际位置,展现家族基因之间的分布特点和连锁遗传关系,不仅丰富了橡胶树分子细胞遗传学信息,也为橡胶树的分子辅助育种和比较基因组学研究提供了分子细胞遗传学的科学理论依据。     

Comparison of two methods of PCNB application for control of Rhizoctonia infection of potatoes

A broadcast application of PCNB (Terraclor) resulted in a reasonably uniform distribution of the chemical in the soil with the concentration decreasing in a linear fashion with increasing depth in the soil profile. A banded application resuluted in a considerably higher chemical concentration at the 4–6 inch depth than at the 0–2 or the 2–4 inch depths. The problem of the lack of uniformity of chemical distribution could probably be solved by altering nozzle placement and size and allow use of the band method of application to minimize grower cost. More complete disking in the case of the broadcast treatment would probably result in a relatively uniform distribution of the chemical but at higher cost to the grower. PCNB application rates of 10, 15 and 25 lbs per acre broadcast and 71/2, 10 and 121/2 lbs per acre in a band significantly reduced the severity ofRhizoctonia infection of Russet Burbank potatoes but did not increase potato yields significantly.     

Prediction of the digestibility of the diet of horses: evaluation of faecal indices

Data from in vivo digestibility trial with four to six horses fed twenty-seven forage-based diets are used to calculate prediction equations for the digestibility of dry and organic matter, based on the crude ash (CA), crude protein (CP) and crude fibre (CF) contents of diets and faeces. The most precise prediction of dry-matter digestibility (r.s.d. = 0.032, R²= 0.80) was derived from a multiple regression including faecal (CP, CF) and dietary parameters (CF). Among faecal parameters, CP was the best single predictor of both digestibility (r.s.d) = 0.040, r²= 0.63) and dietary CP content (r.s.d = 0.028, r²= 0.59). For biological reasons we propose a non-linear model that allows prediction of dry- and organic-matter digestibility from faecal CP Content with reasonable Precision (r.s.d = 0.038, 0.036, r²= 0.65, 0.74, respectively). This will be adequate for many studies, especially for free-living animals in rangelands.