大麦间作蚕豆高效栽培研究

通过大麦间作蚕豆高效栽培试验,探索大麦间作蚕豆的增产控病规律和优势.结果表明,大麦间作蚕豆的增产优势强,与净种大麦和净种蚕豆比,经济效益分别增加了22%和2.59%,对蚕豆斑潜蝇的相对防效达57.60%,土地当量比为1.18﹥1,大大提高了土地利用率.     

小春生物多样性优化种植控病增产试验

为充分比较大麦、蚕豆净栽,大麦+蚕豆的产量和效益,保山市农科所承担云南农业大学小春生物多样性优化种植同田对比试验.结果表明,大麦+蚕豆比净栽大麦每公顷增产265.8 kg,增3.96%,其中,大麦+蚕豆与净栽大麦相比,在同等面积下,每公顷可增收蚕豆600kg,能有效地控制病虫的危害.     

施肥模式对渭北旱地小麦产量及效益的影响

为探讨渭北旱塬地区小麦生产中减肥增效技术,于2012-2014年在陕西省长武县巨家镇巨家村以长旱58为材料,比较分析了5种施肥处理 ［不施肥（对照）、农户施肥模式、推荐施肥模式、高产施肥模式和高产减氮施肥模式］下小麦的产量及其结构和经济效益。结果表明,推荐施肥模式、高产施肥模式和高产减氮施肥模式下小麦籽粒产量显著提高,比对照和农户施肥模式分别增产4.3%~32.3%和0.2%~21.1%;成穗数比对照和农户施肥模式分别增加13.0%~45.4%和1.1%~27.1%;穗粒数比对照和农户施肥模式分别降低2.9%~16.2%和0.3%~11.2%;千粒重比对照降低0.6%~7.8%,与农户施肥模式比较有增有减。高产减氮施肥模式经济效益两年均比对照增加,其中2013-2014年达到显著水平;其他模式经济效益两年均不同程度下降,其中2012-2013年达到显著水平。因此,建议在渭北旱塬地区小麦生产中,在农户施肥模式的基础上减施氮肥、增施磷钾肥,或在推荐施肥模式基础上增施磷钾肥,以利于产量和经济效益同时提高。     

食用型甘薯新品种鄂薯7号的选育与栽培要点

鄂薯7号两年省区试12点次综合鲜薯平均产量44 064.0 kg/hm2,比对照南薯88增产23.95%,居参试品种第一位;薯干产量11 640.0 kg/hm2,比对照南薯88增产11.8%,居参试品种第二位.研究表明,鄂薯7号高产的主要原因是干物质转化快、净同化率高.     

短果枝棉棉田间作高产高效种植模式研究

本研完对短果枝棉棉田不同间作模式进行了研究，结果表明间作模式，对棉花的生育性状和衣分率无明显影响，对单铃重影响较小，单株结铃数略有下降，虽然棉花产量和产值略低于净作，但总产值均明显高于净作处理，以短果枝棉间作花生的处理棉花和间作产值均最高，总产值比净作增加35.37%，是短果枝棉棉男单作的最佳模式，花生的密度以157500株/hm^2为宜，间作早，迟生姜和黄豆的三个处理，棉花和间作的总产值比净作处理增加20%以上，仅次于间作花生的处理，在大面积生产上具有一定的利用价值。     

甘蔗新品种筛选试验初报

2006年广西南宁东亚糖业集团与广西甘蔗研究所合作在扶南、驮卢、崇左、宁明、海棠五个糖厂进行甘蔗新品种筛选试验.参试品种8/个,以新台糖22号为对照品种,结果表明:园林6号平均甘蔗产量为107080t/hm2、桂糖26号为105085t/hm2、桂糖21号为103503t/hm2、比对照种新台糖22号的101418 t/hm2分别增产5.58%、3.61%、2.05%.其它各品种分别比对照种新台糖22号减产0.23%-26.78%;平均蔗糖分除园林3号为12.16%比对照种新台糖22号的12.28%下降外,其它各品种的蔗糖分都比对照种新台糖22号有所提高,提高幅度在0.58%-2.64%;平均含糖量桂糖21号为15308t/hm2、桂糖26号为14228t/hm2,桂引9号为14034t/hm2、园林6号为13767 t/hm2、粤糖96/86为13568 t/hm2,比对照种新台糖22号的12454t/hm2分别增糖为22.91%、14.24%、12.68.54%和8.94%,只有园林3号比对照种新台糖22号含糖量减糖10.03%.     

蚕豆病害研究简介

蚕豆是温带地区的重要豆科作物,在我国是主要杂粮作物之一。据联合国粮农组织统计,1979～1985年全世界蚕豆种植面积368.5万公顷,到1985～1987年为324.1万公顷,下降12%。我国同期由226.7万公顷降为170万公顷,减少25%。专家们公认,各蚕豆主产国种     

大宽行桉树人工林混农系统中桉树生物量特征比较研究

采用分层切割法和标准枝法对尾巨桉单株和林分生物量、生物量结构特征和林分生产力进行研究。结果表明:不同种植模式中,桉树的枝、叶量均随着带距的增加而增加;同一种带距中,则随着株距的增大而增大。各种种植模式中桉树树冠与对照相比,均呈现较严重的"偏冠"现象,带外树冠生物量比带内树冠大25.35%～308.45%,但随株距的加大而减小。宽带行桉树的最低枝下高与对照相比,明显偏低,证明宽带行桉树的树冠长度大于对照。桉树平均单株的生物量也随着带距的增加而增加。除8 m带距比对照小2.5%～10.9%,其余模式均大于对照10.2%～23.07%。干材生物量所占比例随带距增大而减小,同种带距随株距增大而减小。林分生物量整体上株距8 m14 m16 m对照;平均比对照分别大42.1%、11.8%、15.7%。从生物量结构特征中可知,14 m和16 m带距的4种模式林分较为稳定。8 m带距的3种种植模式林分差异较大。不同种植模式间桉树的生产力存在明显差异,均随着株行距增大呈增大趋势。其中,8 m带距的种植模式最高,总量比对照高33.42%～56.13%。     

早熟高产优质多抗糖果兼用蔗新品种川蔗23号选育研究报告

在61点(次)省区试和生产试验中,川蔗23号新植、宿根的平均单产为150885kg/hm2,比对照种增产23.52%;平均甘蔗蔗糖分达14.07%,比对照高1.70%(绝对值.下同);甘蔗含糖量平均达21369.15kg/hm2,比对照高41.30%.在22点(次)全国区试和生产试验中,川蔗23号新植、宿根平均单产达115495kg/hm2,比全国对照种增产18.53%,甘蔗蔗糖分平均达14.49%,比对照高0.39%(绝对值,下同)甘蔗含糖量达16209kg/hm2,比对照种高18.40%.该品种还高抗黑穗病、花叶病和赤腐病;并具有某些果蔗特征和优良的商品性状.     

树脂包膜缓释肥与尿素配施对稻茬冬小麦产量、氮肥利用率与效益的影响

为了探究树脂包膜缓释肥在稻茬冬小麦生产上的高效施肥方式,以含氮45%树脂包膜缓释肥(PCU)和含氮46.3%普通尿素(U)设计五种施肥模式:100%PCU全部基施(M1);60%PCU基施,40%U拔节期追施(M2);60%PCU基施,40%PCU返青期追施(M3);30%PCU与30%U基施,20%PCU与20%U返青期追施(M4);常规尿素施肥模式(全部为尿素,基肥∶分蘖肥∶拔节肥∶孕穗肥为50%∶10%∶20%∶20%)为对照(CK),研究不同施肥模式对稻茬冬小麦群体质量、产量及其构成因素、氮效率和经济效益等的影响。结果表明,四种PCU施肥模式产量均高于对照,其中M3和M4模式的增产效果最显著,分别较对照增产15.11%和17.44%,增产的原因主要在于穗数和千粒重的增加;M3和M4模式的茎蘖成穗率分别较对照高4.15%和3.88%,干物质积累量分别高25.86%和25.91%,LAI在开花期和乳熟期均显著高于对照,更有利于延缓花后叶片衰老,促进籽粒充实。M3和M4模式氮肥表观利用率和氮肥农学效率也显著高于对照;以M4模式成本较低,净效益最高,达12 223.99元·hm~(-2),分别比对照和M3模式高29.05%和6.58%。故生产上推荐30%树脂包膜缓释肥与30%尿素基施、20%树脂包膜缓释肥与20%尿素返青期追施的施肥模式,此模式有利于构建适宜群体、协调产量构成因素、提高产量、降低人工成本、增加经济效益、提高氮肥利用率。     

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族6个成员的染色体物理定位

MADS-box基因家族广泛分布于真核生物中,巴西橡胶树的MADS-box基因家族主要参与花形态建成,对生殖生长起到重要的调节作用。目前,MADS-box基因家族的26个相关基因已被克隆分析,但它们在染色体上的具体位置还未确定。本研究以巴西橡胶树‘热研7-33-97’品种为材料,将MADS-box基因家族的6个成员（HbAGL8、HbAG15、HbAGL30、HbTT16、HbAP1和HbSVP1）定位在细胞核染色体上,通过双探针荧光原位杂交技术（FISH）对巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族的这6个成员在细胞核染色体上进行物理定位分析。结果表明：MADS-box基因家族的6个基因分别位于不同的染色体上,其中HbAGL15、HbAG8、HbAG30和HbSVP1基因定位在第4、5、7和8号染色体长臂上,其信号位点到着丝粒的平均百分距离是11.85、39.71、48.94和6.70;HbTT16和HbAP1基因定位在第1和13号染色体短臂上,其信号位点到着丝粒的平均百分距离是22.19和18.01。本研究结果揭示了巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族的6个成员在细胞核染色体上的实际位置,展现家族基因之间的分布特点和连锁遗传关系,不仅丰富了橡胶树分子细胞遗传学信息,也为橡胶树的分子辅助育种和比较基因组学研究提供了分子细胞遗传学的科学理论依据。     

Comparison of two methods of PCNB application for control of Rhizoctonia infection of potatoes

A broadcast application of PCNB (Terraclor) resulted in a reasonably uniform distribution of the chemical in the soil with the concentration decreasing in a linear fashion with increasing depth in the soil profile. A banded application resuluted in a considerably higher chemical concentration at the 4–6 inch depth than at the 0–2 or the 2–4 inch depths. The problem of the lack of uniformity of chemical distribution could probably be solved by altering nozzle placement and size and allow use of the band method of application to minimize grower cost. More complete disking in the case of the broadcast treatment would probably result in a relatively uniform distribution of the chemical but at higher cost to the grower. PCNB application rates of 10, 15 and 25 lbs per acre broadcast and 71/2, 10 and 121/2 lbs per acre in a band significantly reduced the severity ofRhizoctonia infection of Russet Burbank potatoes but did not increase potato yields significantly.     

Prediction of the digestibility of the diet of horses: evaluation of faecal indices

Data from in vivo digestibility trial with four to six horses fed twenty-seven forage-based diets are used to calculate prediction equations for the digestibility of dry and organic matter, based on the crude ash (CA), crude protein (CP) and crude fibre (CF) contents of diets and faeces. The most precise prediction of dry-matter digestibility (r.s.d. = 0.032, R²= 0.80) was derived from a multiple regression including faecal (CP, CF) and dietary parameters (CF). Among faecal parameters, CP was the best single predictor of both digestibility (r.s.d) = 0.040, r²= 0.63) and dietary CP content (r.s.d = 0.028, r²= 0.59). For biological reasons we propose a non-linear model that allows prediction of dry- and organic-matter digestibility from faecal CP Content with reasonable Precision (r.s.d = 0.038, 0.036, r²= 0.65, 0.74, respectively). This will be adequate for many studies, especially for free-living animals in rangelands.