刈割期对多棱饲料大麦饲草及籽粒产量与品质的影响

为探明大麦饲草与籽粒双收的适宜刈割期,以六棱皮大麦皖饲麦2号为材料,设不刈割(T0)及分蘖期(T1)、拔节期(T2)、孕穗期(T3)分别进行一次刈割4个处理,比较了两年度不同刈割期大麦饲草、籽粒产量及品质的差异。结果表明,随刈割期后移,皖饲麦2号饲草产量显著增加;饲草粗蛋白、粗灰分、钙、磷含量显著下降,粗纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、中性洗涤纤维含量显著增加,即饲草品质显著下降。籽粒产量受刈割期影响大,与T0相比,两年度T1期刈割籽粒产量无显著变化,T2、T3期刈割则籽粒产量显著下降;而品质受影响小。说明T1期刈割,可达到饲草与籽粒双收目标,且饲草品质好;在生产中要保障一定的籽粒产量,T2期后应停止刈割。     

甬优系列籼粳杂交稻中熟高产品系的株型特征

以甬优系列籼粳杂交稻中熟类型品系为试材,常规粳稻宁粳3号和武运粳29、杂交籼稻丰两优香1号和新两优6380为对照,比较各类型在穗部特征、叶片形态以及茎秆特性上的差异。结果表明,1)依据甬优系列籼粳杂交稻两年中的产量表现,将其分成高产品系(产量>10.5 t/hm²)和中产品系(产量<10.5 t/hm²)。两年中,甬优系列籼粳杂交稻高产品系为甬优2638、甬优2640、甬优1610、甬优1612和甬优1640,中产品系为甬优1851、甬优1852、甬优7753、甬优1763和甬优 5854。产量构成因素方面,不同类型品种单株穗数、结实率和千粒重以常规粳稻最高,每穗粒数以高产品系最高。2)穗长以杂交籼稻最高,单穗重和着粒密度以高产品系最高;除穗下部二次枝粳籽粒数以杂交籼稻最高外,穗部其余5部位籽粒数均以高产品系、中产品系显著高于常规粳稻和杂交籼稻,且籽粒数以上部二次枝粳和中部二次枝粳的增加最为明显。3)上三叶的叶长和叶宽为中产品系>杂交籼稻>高产品系>常规粳稻,高产品系上三叶的卷曲率高于对应的中产品系;上部第1、2叶的叶基角和披垂角以高产品系最低。4)高产品系株高为118.7cm,高于常规粳稻(96.6cm),低于杂交籼稻(132.9cm)和中产品系(144.1cm);上部第1、2、3节间长度以中产品系最高、常规粳稻最低;穗长与穗下节间长占株高比例、穗下节间占秆长比例均以高产品系最低。单茎干质量、单茎鞘干质量、茎秆单位节间干质量以高产品系最高。提出了甬优籼粳交中熟高产品系的株型选育指标及配套高产栽培措施。     

高产优质小黑麦新品种--新小黑麦3号

小黑麦是小麦与黑麦经远缘杂交育成的一种新作物。小黑麦因其蛋白质、赖氨酸含量高及籽粒与茎叶生物产量高等的优点 ,已成为一种重要的粮食与饲料作物。新小黑麦 3号就是我们选育出的一个高产优质的春性饲用型小黑麦新品种。1　品种来源新小黑麦 3号 (原代号 SH0 1 -2 )是由石河子大学和东北农业大学农学院合作选育而成。石河子大学 2 0 0 0年从东北农业大学引进其选育的小黑麦后代材料 ,经对分离材料连续多次单株选择 ,结合南繁北育 ,入选品系表现饲草产量高、农艺性状优良 ,表现突出 ,2 0 0 4年由新疆农作物品种登记委员会讨论准予登记 ,…     

PEG模拟干旱胁迫处理对青稞幼苗生长和生理特性的影响

为选育具有抗旱性的青稞品种及明晰其抗旱机制,以819份青稞品系(种)为材料,通过PEG模拟干旱胁迫,重点考察青稞种子的发芽率、株高、地上生长量、地下生长量、地上鲜干质量、地下鲜干质量等形态指标以及在胁迫环境下不同抗性材料的生理特性变化。结果表明:在21%质量分数的PEG 6000溶液胁迫处理下,不同青稞品系(种)的生长和生理特性具有显著性差异(P0.05)。筛选出具耐旱特性的品系(种)15份:喜拉16、ZDM4372、ZDM4581、ZDM4312、ZDM4412、ZDM4521、ZDM4516、喜拉3号、ZDM4456、WDM01467、ZDM4568、ZDM4572、ZDM4267、ZDM4530、藏0559;对干旱敏感的材料15份:ZDM4279、ZDM4505、WDM04080、ZDM4401、迪庆黑元桂、藏1312、ZDM4367、ZDM4381、ZDM4397、ZDM4409、ZDM4445、北青1号、WDM00787、藏0976、2010区04。经过PEG 6000胁迫处理后,具有抗旱性的喜拉16号等材料的生长量要显著优于旱敏感材料,而胁迫处理后旱敏感材料体内的丙二醛(MDA)有显著的积累;过氧化物酶(POD)在受胁迫后,其含量均要高于对照组材料;过氧化氢酶(CAT)在经过胁迫处理后,在旱敏感材料中的含量要显著低于对照组材料,而在抗旱材料中则具有显著积累。     

不同种植密度对饲用大豆品系15农艺性状及产量的影响

为探讨不同种植密度对饲用大豆品系15草产量、农艺性状及籽粒产量的影响,筛选出品系15在通辽产区的最佳种植密度,为品系15的栽培及生产提供理论依据,试验采用行距(A)和株距(B)双因素裂区设计,研究不同种植密度对品系15产量及农艺性状的影响。结果表明:种植密度对品系15的鲜草产量和干草产量均有显著影响,在种植密度(行距×株距)为60 cm×40 cm时,草产量最高。不同种植密度对品系15的农艺性状有显著影响,在种植密度为60 cm×30 cm时,品系15株高较高,分枝较多,主茎较粗,单株地上生物量较大。主茎粗和单株地上生物量与鲜草产量及干草产量呈极显著正相关关系。在种植密度为60 cm×30 cm时,品系15的单株粒重及籽粒产量最大。若品系15作为牧草应用,行距×株距为60 cm×40 cm是最佳的密度设置,若品系15作为籽实饲料或繁殖种子,行距×株距为60 cm×30 cm是最佳的密度设置。     

头季稻刈割时间对饲草产量、品质和再生稻产量的影响

为研究头季水稻的刈割时间对青贮饲草产量、品质和再生稻产量的影响，以黄华占、渝香203和渝香优8133为材料开展大田试验，设置头季稻倒4叶期、倒2叶期和齐穗期3个刈割时间处理，分析各处理头季稻饲草产量、青贮饲草营养化学和饲用品质及再生季水稻产量表现。结果表明，头季全株青贮饲草产量和干饲草产量随刈割时间推迟呈显著增加趋势，至齐穗期达到最大值，各品种饲草产量由高到低分别为渝香优8133、渝香203、黄华占。推迟刈割时间，黄华占体外干物质消化率显著降低，而渝香203和渝香优8133呈增加趋势，至齐穗期达到51.3%～52.7%。推迟刈割时间，头季饲草粗蛋白含量呈降低趋势，中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量先增加后降低，灰分含量呈增加趋势。再生稻产量表现为倒4叶期刈割处理最高，齐穗期刈割处理最低，各品种产量表现为渝香优8133>渝香203>黄华占。综上所述，如以收获再生稻稻谷为主，头季稻宜在倒4叶期刈割，如以提高饲草—再生稻两季总体效益为目标，头季稻宜在齐穗期刈割。     

大豆籽粒品质对干豆腐加工特性的影响及适用性评价

选用来自黑龙江和吉林两省区的25个大豆品种(品系),进行干豆腐加工,对大豆品种原料理化指标、干豆腐品质特性指标等进行测定、分析,并对不同大豆品种的干豆腐加工适用性进行评价。结果表明:不同大豆品种理化指标及干豆腐品质指标均呈现了较大的差异。大豆品种籽粒品质指标与干豆腐品质指标之间存在复杂的相关关系,籽粒蛋白含量、水溶性蛋白含量与干豆腐品质指标存在显著或极显著正相关关系,籽粒脂肪含量、7S的含量与干豆腐品质指标呈显著或极显著负相关关系。通过基于因子分析的大豆品种加工干豆腐适用性评价,筛选出东农42、吉育204、东农48、2010-60和2003-342-24-4共5个干豆腐加工品质优良的大豆品种(品系)。     

小麦异源（黑麦）重组系籽粒蛋白质分析

以选自10-A/88-1643//川育12号的60个小麦异源(黑麦)重组系为供试材料,对籽粒蛋白质含量进行了检测,并分析了籽粒蛋白质含量与农艺及产量性状的相关性质与程度。结果表明,重组系籽粒蛋白质含量存在着明显的变异,超过高亲川育12号（15.0%）的后代品系占60%。蛋白质含量高达17.0%以上的高蛋白品系占被测品系的13.3%。蛋白质含量仅与株高呈显著正相关,而与小穗数、穗粒数、千粒重和穗粒重等产量性状的相关不显著,说明在该三交组合中容易克服蛋白质含量与产量的不良相关。本文还对蛋白质含量的超亲遗传现象进行了讨论。     

野生大豆与青贮玉米混作对饲草产量及品质的影响

通过在辽宁地区对2个野生大豆品系与青贮玉米进行混作栽培,研究其对饲草产量和营养成分的影响。结果表明:野生大豆与青贮玉米混作可显著提高饲草产量,二者混作收获物青贮后营养成分较玉米单播均有所增加,野生大豆品系LYD140116与青贮玉米在混播密度6.75万株/hm2条件下,饲草产量和品质可达较佳水平。     

春小麦碳同位素分辨率与冠层温度的相关性研究

为寻找碳同位素分辨率(△13C)的替代指标,以宁春4号×宁春27号的F7代品系为供试材料,研究了有限灌溉和雨养2种生态条件下春小麦△13C、冠层温度、籽粒产量之间的关联性.结果表明,有限灌溉条件下,灌浆期冠层温度与成熟期籽粒△13C呈极显著负相关(r=-0.400 4**);雨养条件下,灌浆期冠层温度与成熟期籽粒及成熟期基部秸秆△13C均呈极显著负相关(r=-0.540 2**和-0.425 5**).有限灌溉条件下灌浆期冠层温度及△13C与产量相关均不显著,雨养条件下灌浆期冠层温度与产量呈极显著负相关(r=-0.566 9**),成熟期籽粒△13C与产量呈显著正相关(r=0.311 7*).说明灌浆期的冠层温度作为碳同位素分辨率的替代指标具有较强的可靠性.     

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族6个成员的染色体物理定位

MADS-box基因家族广泛分布于真核生物中,巴西橡胶树的MADS-box基因家族主要参与花形态建成,对生殖生长起到重要的调节作用。目前,MADS-box基因家族的26个相关基因已被克隆分析,但它们在染色体上的具体位置还未确定。本研究以巴西橡胶树‘热研7-33-97’品种为材料,将MADS-box基因家族的6个成员（HbAGL8、HbAG15、HbAGL30、HbTT16、HbAP1和HbSVP1）定位在细胞核染色体上,通过双探针荧光原位杂交技术（FISH）对巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族的这6个成员在细胞核染色体上进行物理定位分析。结果表明：MADS-box基因家族的6个基因分别位于不同的染色体上,其中HbAGL15、HbAG8、HbAG30和HbSVP1基因定位在第4、5、7和8号染色体长臂上,其信号位点到着丝粒的平均百分距离是11.85、39.71、48.94和6.70;HbTT16和HbAP1基因定位在第1和13号染色体短臂上,其信号位点到着丝粒的平均百分距离是22.19和18.01。本研究结果揭示了巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族的6个成员在细胞核染色体上的实际位置,展现家族基因之间的分布特点和连锁遗传关系,不仅丰富了橡胶树分子细胞遗传学信息,也为橡胶树的分子辅助育种和比较基因组学研究提供了分子细胞遗传学的科学理论依据。     

Comparison of two methods of PCNB application for control of Rhizoctonia infection of potatoes

A broadcast application of PCNB (Terraclor) resulted in a reasonably uniform distribution of the chemical in the soil with the concentration decreasing in a linear fashion with increasing depth in the soil profile. A banded application resuluted in a considerably higher chemical concentration at the 4–6 inch depth than at the 0–2 or the 2–4 inch depths. The problem of the lack of uniformity of chemical distribution could probably be solved by altering nozzle placement and size and allow use of the band method of application to minimize grower cost. More complete disking in the case of the broadcast treatment would probably result in a relatively uniform distribution of the chemical but at higher cost to the grower. PCNB application rates of 10, 15 and 25 lbs per acre broadcast and 71/2, 10 and 121/2 lbs per acre in a band significantly reduced the severity ofRhizoctonia infection of Russet Burbank potatoes but did not increase potato yields significantly.     

Prediction of the digestibility of the diet of horses: evaluation of faecal indices

Data from in vivo digestibility trial with four to six horses fed twenty-seven forage-based diets are used to calculate prediction equations for the digestibility of dry and organic matter, based on the crude ash (CA), crude protein (CP) and crude fibre (CF) contents of diets and faeces. The most precise prediction of dry-matter digestibility (r.s.d. = 0.032, R²= 0.80) was derived from a multiple regression including faecal (CP, CF) and dietary parameters (CF). Among faecal parameters, CP was the best single predictor of both digestibility (r.s.d) = 0.040, r²= 0.63) and dietary CP content (r.s.d = 0.028, r²= 0.59). For biological reasons we propose a non-linear model that allows prediction of dry- and organic-matter digestibility from faecal CP Content with reasonable Precision (r.s.d = 0.038, 0.036, r²= 0.65, 0.74, respectively). This will be adequate for many studies, especially for free-living animals in rangelands.