缓控释氮肥种类和用量对南方粳稻产量和收益的影响

为探明南方丘陵区粳稻种植中适宜的缓控释氮肥种类和合理的用量,本研究以普通尿素为对照,分析比较了2种包膜尿素(树脂包膜尿素和水溶性聚合物包膜尿素)不同用量下粳稻产量和肥料利用率的变化,并结合成本投入评估了不同处理的收益。结果表明,与普通尿素相比,施用缓控释肥显著提高了南方丘陵区粳稻产量、氮肥农学效率和收益,其中水溶性聚合物包膜尿素是较好的缓控释肥种类,适宜用量为195 kg/hm2(纯N)。     

控释氮肥对寒地粳稻产量及氮肥利用率的影响

控释氮肥因其具有比普通肥料养分释放慢的优势越来越受到重视,但控释氮肥在黑龙江省水稻生产上应用的研究报道较少.笔者在庆安县对控释肥在水稻生产上的应用效果进行了研究,结果表明,在等氮量条件下,在水稻上施用控释尿素都比施用普通尿素增产,在70%氮量条件下,施用控释尿素处理产量比施用普通尿素增产1.13%～1.88%,在100...     

苗期渍水对直播冬油菜产量和农学利用率的影响及油菜在不同氮肥施用下的响应

在轻简化施肥背景下，为减少渍害损失，解决长江流域冬油菜产区生产面临的重要问题，开展氮肥施用 对油菜渍害的缓解作用研究。设置三因素田间试验，分别为不同氮肥用量（0、60、120、180、240和300 kg N/hm2）、氮 肥类型（油菜专用控释尿素和普通尿素）和水分处理（苗期渍水和正常排水），测定各处理产量和氮肥农学利用率， 明确苗期渍水对不同氮素供应水平油菜的影响，并比较油菜专用控释尿素一次性施用和普通尿素分次施用下油菜 对苗期渍水的响应。结果表明，直播冬油菜产量随氮肥施用量增加而提高，至240 kg N/hm2时不再增加。油菜专用 控释尿素一次性施用，在氮肥用量为60～180 kg N/hm2时产量高于普通尿素分次施用；在氮肥用量为240～300 kg N/hm2时，两种氮肥类型产量基本相当。氮肥施用通过增加收获密度、单株角果数和每角粒数提高产量。苗期渍水 导致直播冬油菜产量损失1.1%～41.9%，随氮肥用量增加，渍水引起的产量损失率呈先增加后降低趋势。0～60 kg N/hm2处理时，渍水使收获密度显著降低（降幅达29.4%~45.0%），单株角果数增加；施氮量为120~180 kg N/hm2时， 渍水导致收获密度和单株角果数分别降低19.5%~33.7%和1.4%~17.7%；施氮高于180 kg N/hm2时，收获密度和单 株角果数降幅减小（降幅分别为5%~30.9%和3.6%~9.5%）。普通尿素分次施用和油菜专用控释尿素一次性施用， 分别在施氮量为120和180 kg N/hm2时产量损失率最高，分别达29.8%和41.9%。相同氮肥用量下油菜专用控释尿 素一次性施用的产量损失率大于普通尿素分次施用。渍水显著降低氮肥农学利用率，降幅为8.4%～51.9%，施氮充 足（240～300 kg N/hm2）时氮肥农学利用率降幅低于氮素用量较低处理（120～180 kg N/hm2），油菜专用控释尿素一 次施用处理的农学利用率平均降幅（36.5%）高于普通尿素分次施用（17.3%）。综上可知，苗期渍水时，油菜专用控 释尿素一次施用，会加重油菜受渍影响；土壤氮素供应能力较低时，渍害逆境解除后，适量追施速效氮肥可有效缓 解产量损失，实现油菜稳产。     

脲酶抑制剂在甘蔗中的应用研究

通过五地点不同脲酶抑制剂处理,结果表明甘蔗施用混脲酶抑制剂的尿素可达到延长尿素肥效,使土壤的供肥与需肥同步的目的,可增产7.1%.其用量为尿素的2%～3%.     

控释氮肥拔节期施用对冬小麦产量及干物质、氮素积累与分配的影响

为比较控释尿素和普通尿素作为冬小麦拔节肥的施用效果,2015-2016年通过在安徽省太和县及宿州市两地布置冬小麦拔节肥控释尿素机施、普通尿素机施和普通尿素撒施田间大区试验,研究拔节期追施控释尿素和普通尿素对冬小麦产量、氮素含量、SPAD值、贮存物质再分配及经济效益的影响。结果表明,在降水条件较好的太和试验点,控释尿素处理的小麦产量比普通尿素撒施和机施分别显著增加7.2%和12.5%,氮素吸收量分别显著增加16.5%和22.6%,经济效益分别显著增加8.3%和11.5%。拔节期控释尿素施用30d后小麦旗叶SPAD值和氮素含量高于普通尿素处理。控释尿素处理的花后干物质和氮素积累量均显著高于普通尿素处理。在降水条件相对较差的宿州试验点,拔节期施用控释尿素的效果不明显。在降水量丰沛或者灌溉条件好的情况下,拔节期施用控释尿素较普通尿素能显著促进小麦花后干物质和氮素积累,提高产量和经济效益,施用效果较佳。     

金正大控释尿素在玉米上的应用试验

摘要：通过控释尿素不同用量和不同掺混比例试验结果表明,在等氮量条件下,控释尿素比普通尿素提高氮肥表观利用率13.3％-21.5％,增产8.0％-18.2％。减量30％的控释尿素与两次性施用全量的普通尿素产量接近。控释尿素与普通尿素掺混使用效果更好,可以提高氮肥利用率。施用70％的控释尿素掺混30％的普通尿素比单纯施用等氮量的普通尿素玉米增产18.2％,氮肥表观利用率提高20.7％;比单纯施用等氮量的控释尿素玉米增产9.5％,氮肥表观利用率提高7.4％。施用控释尿素玉米主要通过增加穗粒数和百粒重提高产量,同时提高了籽粒粗脂肪含量。     

2015年稻田人工释放赤眼蜂防治水稻二化螟应用技术试验

开展了稻田人工释放赤眼蜂防治水稻二化螟的寄生和控害效果试验,结果表明:由于方正县2015年二化螟虫源基数低,二化螟危害轻,赤眼蜂防治田和农民自防区在水稻二化螟卵孵初期施用防效分别为70.15％和88％.经过大面积放蜂,培养自然种群,对于保持生态平衡,减少农药用量和施药次数,保护环境具有重要意义.     

施肥对苋菜硝酸盐及亚硝酸盐含量的影响

在小区试验条件下,研究不同氮肥品种、不同氮素水平以及有机肥和无机肥不同比例配施,对苋菜硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐及维生素C(Vc)等含量的影响。结果表明:不同氮肥品种施用复合肥最易增加苋菜硝酸盐的累积,而施用尿素最易增加苋菜亚硝酸盐的积累;苋菜硝酸盐含量随着氮素用量的增加而增加,氮肥用量与苋菜硝酸盐含量呈显著正相关,但对Vc等含量没有明显影响;有机肥和无机肥合理配施可减少苋菜硝酸盐的累积。     

控释肥对大豆产量影响的研究

在黑龙江省中部黑土区对控释肥在大豆生产上的应用效果进行了研究,结果表明：控释尿素与普通尿素搭配施用,与等养分普通复合肥比较,可使大豆增产20．1％～27．0％,搭配比例以控释尿素占总氮量的50％-70％为好,可满足大豆生育期氮素的营养;控释大豆专用BB肥比等养分普通复合肥增产26．1％。     

农业科研单位绩效考核的实证与思考

以上海青为试验材料,研究在沙壤土条件下,用缓效氮素和普通尿素对上海青的肥料效应。结果表明：(1)上海青生物量随施用普通尿素用量的增加而增加,随施用缓效氮肥用量的增加而减少,处理4的上海青生物量最高;(2)上海青体内硝态氮含量都低于国家蔬菜熟食标准,符合国家蔬菜安全生产要求,随纯氮(N)用量的增加,上海青体内硝态氮积累也增加,以处理4的硝态氮含量较高;(3)不同氮肥处理所吸收氮的量都比空白高,对氮肥利用率最高是处理5,各处理间氮肥的利用率均有明显差异。本研究探讨通过普通尿素和缓效尿素处理,对上海青产量、硝态     

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族6个成员的染色体物理定位

MADS-box基因家族广泛分布于真核生物中,巴西橡胶树的MADS-box基因家族主要参与花形态建成,对生殖生长起到重要的调节作用。目前,MADS-box基因家族的26个相关基因已被克隆分析,但它们在染色体上的具体位置还未确定。本研究以巴西橡胶树‘热研7-33-97’品种为材料,将MADS-box基因家族的6个成员（HbAGL8、HbAG15、HbAGL30、HbTT16、HbAP1和HbSVP1）定位在细胞核染色体上,通过双探针荧光原位杂交技术（FISH）对巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族的这6个成员在细胞核染色体上进行物理定位分析。结果表明：MADS-box基因家族的6个基因分别位于不同的染色体上,其中HbAGL15、HbAG8、HbAG30和HbSVP1基因定位在第4、5、7和8号染色体长臂上,其信号位点到着丝粒的平均百分距离是11.85、39.71、48.94和6.70;HbTT16和HbAP1基因定位在第1和13号染色体短臂上,其信号位点到着丝粒的平均百分距离是22.19和18.01。本研究结果揭示了巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族的6个成员在细胞核染色体上的实际位置,展现家族基因之间的分布特点和连锁遗传关系,不仅丰富了橡胶树分子细胞遗传学信息,也为橡胶树的分子辅助育种和比较基因组学研究提供了分子细胞遗传学的科学理论依据。     

Comparison of two methods of PCNB application for control of Rhizoctonia infection of potatoes

A broadcast application of PCNB (Terraclor) resulted in a reasonably uniform distribution of the chemical in the soil with the concentration decreasing in a linear fashion with increasing depth in the soil profile. A banded application resuluted in a considerably higher chemical concentration at the 4–6 inch depth than at the 0–2 or the 2–4 inch depths. The problem of the lack of uniformity of chemical distribution could probably be solved by altering nozzle placement and size and allow use of the band method of application to minimize grower cost. More complete disking in the case of the broadcast treatment would probably result in a relatively uniform distribution of the chemical but at higher cost to the grower. PCNB application rates of 10, 15 and 25 lbs per acre broadcast and 71/2, 10 and 121/2 lbs per acre in a band significantly reduced the severity ofRhizoctonia infection of Russet Burbank potatoes but did not increase potato yields significantly.     

Prediction of the digestibility of the diet of horses: evaluation of faecal indices

Data from in vivo digestibility trial with four to six horses fed twenty-seven forage-based diets are used to calculate prediction equations for the digestibility of dry and organic matter, based on the crude ash (CA), crude protein (CP) and crude fibre (CF) contents of diets and faeces. The most precise prediction of dry-matter digestibility (r.s.d. = 0.032, R²= 0.80) was derived from a multiple regression including faecal (CP, CF) and dietary parameters (CF). Among faecal parameters, CP was the best single predictor of both digestibility (r.s.d) = 0.040, r²= 0.63) and dietary CP content (r.s.d = 0.028, r²= 0.59). For biological reasons we propose a non-linear model that allows prediction of dry- and organic-matter digestibility from faecal CP Content with reasonable Precision (r.s.d = 0.038, 0.036, r²= 0.65, 0.74, respectively). This will be adequate for many studies, especially for free-living animals in rangelands.