山东滨州市机采棉试点情况、制约因素分析及对策

滨州市地处黄河三角洲地区,是山东省第二植棉大市,常年植棉面积在13万hm2左右。2012年和2013年连续2年进行机采棉试点、示范、推广。2013年全市共示范机采棉面积140hm2,其中在沾化县利国乡南五棉花种植专业合作社示范面积73．33hm2,在无棣县佘家镇观音堂村示范面积66．67hm2。     

玉米套种棉花的效果及配套栽培技术

<正>湖北省仙桃市是全国优质商品棉生产基地县(市)之一,常年植棉面积2.5万hm2左右,皮棉总产3万t上下。近年来,由于植棉效益低,特别是2014年,在国家连续3年临时收储政策取消后,植棉面积骤减。全市植棉面积2013年减幅达13.5%,2014年达30.52%,现有植棉面积在1.579万hm2左右;而现有棉纺加工设备的耗棉量可达9.1万t。如何防止植棉面积继续骤减,尽量降低     

石首市棉花枯黄萎病发生规律及防治

近几年来,随着抗虫棉种植面积逐年扩大,调种引种频繁,种植品种多乱杂,导致棉花枯黄萎病扩散速度加快,为害程度十分严重.就石首地区而言,2001年植棉面积9467 hm2,黄枯萎病的发病面积为4667 hm2,占植棉面积的49.3%,减收皮棉1120 t,经济损失1344万元,其中因病死苗20%以上的棉田有1000 hm2;种植品种8个,其中抗虫棉品种1个,种植面积为667公顷.2002年植棉面积7600 hm2,黄枯萎病发生面积5667 hm2,占植棉面积的74.6%,减收皮棉1870 t,经济损失2244万元,其中因病死苗20%以上棉田有1333 hm2;种植品种12个,其中抗虫棉品种3个,种植面积为1333hm2.2003年植棉面积为9200 hm2,黄枯萎病的发病面积为8000 hm2,占植棉面积的86.9%,减收皮棉3000t,经济损失3600万元,其中因病死苗20%以上棉田有2000 hm2;种植品种为24个,其中抗虫棉品种8个,种植面积为3333 hm2,笔者就此问题进行了探索.     

毛豆—棉花—荠菜高效栽培技术

江苏省射阳县地处沿海棉区，常年植棉3．5万hm2，是省级高品质棉生产基地县和纺织强县。为调整种植结构，促进农民增收，2006-2009年本县陈洋、合德等邻近县城的镇（区）进行了“毛豆-棉花-荠菜”栽培模式的试验、示范，2009年示范面积达到85hm2，取得了较高的经济效益。     

华容县的棉花生产及棉铃虫的发生与防治

20 0 1年全县计划植棉 2万 hm2 ,实际移栽2 .1 7万 hm2 ,其中湘杂棉系列 2 .1 3万 hm2 ,杂种一代占 1 8% ,抗虫棉 2 66hm2。植棉面积过万亩的有团洲、幸福、注滋口、插旗、新河、北景港、操军、梅田湖、塔市驿、宋家嘴、护城和南山 1 2个乡镇。全县植棉村场 3 50个 ,其中千亩以上的占 3 9.5%。棉田间作面积 0 .48万 hm2 ,其中棉瓜间作 0 .1 5万 hm2 ,棉椒间作 0 .1 4万 hm2 ,棉豆间作 0 .1 2万 hm2。另有湘杂棉 2号制种面积6.6hm2 ,F2 代繁殖面积 1 3 3 hm2。1　棉铃虫发生情况县植保站定点观察区调查 ,二代棉铃虫 6月 1 2日始见蛾 ,比上年…     

唐河县麦茬棉种植情况及高产经验总结

唐河是南阳盆地的重点植棉大县．年种植面积2．5万～3万hm2,种植模式以麦套棉为主。近年来,随着农村劳力外出务工人数的增加和小麦机收面积的不断扩大．麦套棉不利小麦机收的矛盾日益突出。另外．麦套棉移栽后易出现麦“烤”苗（棉苗）、蕾花期枯（黄）萎病发病比较严重、后期易早衰等技术问题。从2006年开始．劳力少、地头窄、预留棉田面积小的农户,开始试种麦茬棉．试图解决以上问题。     

析石首市棉花枯黄萎病发生规律及防治

近几年来 ,随着抗虫棉种植面积逐年扩大 ,调种引种频繁 ,种植品种多乱杂 ,导致棉花枯黄萎病扩散速度加快 ,为害程度十分严重。就石首地区而言 ,2 0 0 1年植棉面积 9467hm2 ,黄枯萎病的发病面积为 4667hm2 ,占植棉面积的 49.3% ,减收皮棉1 1 2 0 t,经济损失 1 344万元 ,其中因病死苗 2 0 %以上的棉田有 1 0 0 0 hm2 ;种植品种 8个 ,其中抗虫棉品种 1个 ,种植面积为 667公顷。 2 0 0 2年植棉面积760 0 hm2 ,黄枯萎病发生面积 5 667hm2 ,占植棉面积的 74.6% ,减收皮棉 1 870 t,经济损失 2 2 4 4万元 ,其中因病死苗 2 0 %以上棉田有 1 333hm2 ;…     

新疆兵团农五师棉花品种应用问题及“十二五”改进方向

“十一五”期间,新疆兵团农五师棉花面积相对稳定,保持在3．3万hm＾2左右,占兵团植棉面积的6％～7％,是兵团重要的棉花生产基地之一。农五师植棉面积占耕地面积的60％,皮棉产量每公顷已超过2250kg,棉花产业是农五师经济发展的优势产业和支柱产业。优良的生态条件和成熟的植棉技术决定了“强棉、优棉”仍然是农五师“十二五”农业发展的重点。     

商丘市睢阳区棉花生产实现恢复性增长的途径

商丘市睢阳区是国家确定的优质棉基地县（区）之一，棉花是该区的主要经济作物，又是农民收入的重要来源。 2008年以前，该区常年植棉面积约20000hm^2，皮棉单产近1200kg。2008年棉花丰收后，由于国内棉花价格较低（最低时子棉只有3．8元·kg^-1），农民植棉收入大幅下降，个别甚至出现亏本，严重挫伤了农民的植棉积极性，从而导致了2009年睢阳区植棉面积大幅减少，     

2010年美国植棉意愿调查结果

据美国NCC植棉意愿调查：2010年美国陆地棉播种面积约为401．3万hm2，比上年增10．1％。其中，东南部、中南部、西南部、西部陆地棉面积分别为85．9万、71.4万、231．4万、12．6万hm2，分别比上年增加12．2％、8．4％、9.1％、26．6％。     

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族6个成员的染色体物理定位

MADS-box基因家族广泛分布于真核生物中,巴西橡胶树的MADS-box基因家族主要参与花形态建成,对生殖生长起到重要的调节作用。目前,MADS-box基因家族的26个相关基因已被克隆分析,但它们在染色体上的具体位置还未确定。本研究以巴西橡胶树‘热研7-33-97’品种为材料,将MADS-box基因家族的6个成员（HbAGL8、HbAG15、HbAGL30、HbTT16、HbAP1和HbSVP1）定位在细胞核染色体上,通过双探针荧光原位杂交技术（FISH）对巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族的这6个成员在细胞核染色体上进行物理定位分析。结果表明：MADS-box基因家族的6个基因分别位于不同的染色体上,其中HbAGL15、HbAG8、HbAG30和HbSVP1基因定位在第4、5、7和8号染色体长臂上,其信号位点到着丝粒的平均百分距离是11.85、39.71、48.94和6.70;HbTT16和HbAP1基因定位在第1和13号染色体短臂上,其信号位点到着丝粒的平均百分距离是22.19和18.01。本研究结果揭示了巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族的6个成员在细胞核染色体上的实际位置,展现家族基因之间的分布特点和连锁遗传关系,不仅丰富了橡胶树分子细胞遗传学信息,也为橡胶树的分子辅助育种和比较基因组学研究提供了分子细胞遗传学的科学理论依据。     

Comparison of two methods of PCNB application for control of Rhizoctonia infection of potatoes

A broadcast application of PCNB (Terraclor) resulted in a reasonably uniform distribution of the chemical in the soil with the concentration decreasing in a linear fashion with increasing depth in the soil profile. A banded application resuluted in a considerably higher chemical concentration at the 4–6 inch depth than at the 0–2 or the 2–4 inch depths. The problem of the lack of uniformity of chemical distribution could probably be solved by altering nozzle placement and size and allow use of the band method of application to minimize grower cost. More complete disking in the case of the broadcast treatment would probably result in a relatively uniform distribution of the chemical but at higher cost to the grower. PCNB application rates of 10, 15 and 25 lbs per acre broadcast and 71/2, 10 and 121/2 lbs per acre in a band significantly reduced the severity ofRhizoctonia infection of Russet Burbank potatoes but did not increase potato yields significantly.     

Prediction of the digestibility of the diet of horses: evaluation of faecal indices

Data from in vivo digestibility trial with four to six horses fed twenty-seven forage-based diets are used to calculate prediction equations for the digestibility of dry and organic matter, based on the crude ash (CA), crude protein (CP) and crude fibre (CF) contents of diets and faeces. The most precise prediction of dry-matter digestibility (r.s.d. = 0.032, R²= 0.80) was derived from a multiple regression including faecal (CP, CF) and dietary parameters (CF). Among faecal parameters, CP was the best single predictor of both digestibility (r.s.d) = 0.040, r²= 0.63) and dietary CP content (r.s.d = 0.028, r²= 0.59). For biological reasons we propose a non-linear model that allows prediction of dry- and organic-matter digestibility from faecal CP Content with reasonable Precision (r.s.d = 0.038, 0.036, r²= 0.65, 0.74, respectively). This will be adequate for many studies, especially for free-living animals in rangelands.