纤维亚麻新品种云亚1号选育报告

纤维亚麻新品种云亚1号(原代号YY-1)是从引入材料8323-11的自然变异后代中经系统选育而成的云南省首个自主知识产权的亚麻新品种.该品种两年多点试验结果:平均原茎产量11772.0k9/hm2,较对照增产3.04%;全麻率29.61%,较对照提高1.46个百分点;平均纤维产量2679.8kg/hm2,较对照增产9.11%.纤维断裂强力值为225N.     

甘肃武威国外甜菜引种试验

对引自德国的10个糖用甜菜品种进行比较试验,结果表明综合性状具有较强优势的品种有3个,ST21015块根产量99079kg/hm2,较对照品种甘糖7号增产16%,平均含糖率18.7%,较对照提高1.7度,产糖量18612 kg/hm2,较对照增加26%;KWS2463块根产量95375 kg/hm2,较对照增产12%,平均含糖率18.0%,较对照提高1.0度,产糖量17154 kg/hm2,较对照增加16%;KWS1197块根产量83337 kg/hm2,较对照减产2%,平均含糖率19.5%,较对照提高2.5度,产糖量16205kg/hm2,较对照增加10%。     

亚麻新品种“双亚13号”的选育

双亚13号是以211×Diane的F2代花药为材料,通过花药培养育成.经所内、异地、区域和生产试验表明该品种具有高纤、优质、抗病、抗旱、抗倒伏能力强等优点.两年区域试验平均公顷产量原茎5468.5 kg、长麻889.0 kg、全麻1353.1 kg、种子473.3 kg,比对照品种黑亚11号分别增产9.9%、13.9%、14.9%、4.9%;2007年生产试验,原茎、长麻、全麻、种子产量分别为5776.4kg/hm2、947.2 kg/hm2、1363.7 kg/hm2、621.4kg/hm2,分别比对照黑亚11号增产7.2%、21.0%、15.9%、9.5%.长麻率21.0%,全麻率30.3%,均比对照高2.4个百分点,纤维强度258.17N.     

优质高产多抗苎麻新品种“川苎10号”选育报告

川苎10号(原代号川9505)是以地方品种为基础材料,与多个推广优良品种杂交,采用轮回选择而成的优质高产多抗新品种,在四川省苎麻区域试验中平均原麻产量2283.75kg/hm 2,较对照川苎4号增产23.68%,平均单纤维细度2015.67m/g。品比试验中平均原麻产量2505.0kg/hm 2,较对照川苎4号增产31.02%,平均单纤维细度2038m/g。生产试验中平均原麻产量2583.0kg/hm 2,较对照川苎4号增产22.06%。经农业部麻类产品质量监督检验测试中心检测平均纤维细度2056m/g,纤维强力45.82cN。该品种为深根散生型中偏晚熟品种,抗风力强,雌花极少,高抗苎麻花叶病和苎麻炭疽病。     

优质高产杂交苎麻新组合“川苎11”选育报告

"川苎11"(原代号川杂9832)是我所用自育的优良雄不育系"C9451"和优良恢复系"R79-20"配制而成的两系杂交苎麻品种.在2002-2004年四川省苎麻区域试验中平均原麻产量2323.5kg/hm2,较对照川苎4号增产25.8%,平均单纤维细度1934m/g.在组合比较试验中平均原麻产量2000kg/hm2,较对照川苎4号增产41.03%,平均单纤维细度1979.1m/g.生产试验中平均原麻产量2629.95g/hm2,较对照川苎4号增产24.3%.经四川省纤维检验检测局测定,川杂9832平均单纤维细度2174 m/g,纤维强力40.89cN.该品种采用种子繁殖,植株整齐、均匀、高大、粗状、经济性状优良,蔸型、株型理想,高抗苎麻花叶病毒病和苎麻炭疽病,抗旱、抗风力强.     

定西市全膜双垄沟播马铃薯连作养分补给研究

通过对不同连作年份全膜双垄沟播马铃薯产量与土壤养分变化分析,开展了养分补给研究试验。结果表明,为缓解产量下降幅度,第2年连作时,施肥量应为N 225.0 kg/hm~2,P_2O_5 187.5 kg/hm~2,K_2O 150.0 kg/hm~2,较对照(N 180 kg/hm~2,P_2O_5 150 kg/hm~2,K_2O 120 kg/hm~2)商品薯率提高5.9个百分点,产量提高14.9%;第3年连作时,施肥量应为N 270.0 kg/hm~2,P_2O_5 225.0 kg/hm~2,K_2O 180.0 kg/hm2,较对照商品薯率提高13.8个百分点,产量提高28.0%。     

大麻新品种"龙大麻1号"的选育

龙大麻1号是以山东省优质、高纤、抗逆性强的大麻地方品种鲁麻1号为母本,黑龙江省大麻地方品种五常40为父本进行杂交,通过单性选择育成.所内和异地鉴定、区域和生产试验表明该品种优质、高产、熟期适中、抗病、抗倒伏能力强等优点.2010年生产试验,原茎、长麻、全麻、种子产量分别达到9015.3kg/hm2、1259.2kg/hm2、1638.3kg/hm2和508.7kg/hm2,分别比对照增产11.0%、15.8%、14.7%和17.5%.长麻率18.0%,比对照高1.3个百分点;全麻率23.4%,比对照高1.6个百分点:纤维强度269N.     

高产、抗病、适应性广的红麻新品种"中红麻11号"的选育

中红麻11号(原名"KB11")系利用国外优良红麻种质"EV41"与国内抗病材料"72-3"有性杂交选育而成的不早花裂叶型红麻新品种.在1993-1994年湖南省区域试验中平均纤维产量4332.75kg/hm2,比对照湘红麻1号(7804)3723.00kg/hm2增产16.4%(春播);在1997-1998年全国红麻区试中平均纤维产量3732.75kg/hm2,比新对照粤74-3增产15.9%,居首位;干茎产量比对照青皮三号平均增产23.6%,其增产幅度均达极显著水平.KB11的韧皮含量和硫酸盐纸浆得率比对照青皮三号提高3.3和0.22个百分点,也高于74-3;束纤维品质、单纤维长度和抗炭疽病性亦优于对照品种,抗倒性明显强于对照,表明"KB11"是一个集高产、抗病、抗倒、优质、适应性广于一体的纺织、造纸兼用的红麻优良新品种,经在全国示范试种,深受麻农欢迎.     

亚麻新品种“双亚17号”的选育

双亚17号是通过(Hermes×9612F1)杂交育成的纤维亚麻品种。生产试验的原茎、全麻和种子产量分别为6221.2 kg/hm2、1576.5 kg/hm2和637.8 kg/hm2,分别比对照品种增产12.3%、20.8%和11.4%。该品种具有高产、优质、抗逆性强的优点,全麻率30.3%,比对照高1.7个百分点,纤维强度265N。     

甜菜遗传单粒型多倍体杂交种甜单303的选育

甜单303是甜菜遗传单粒型多倍体杂交种.该品种在2002～2003年的黑龙江省甜菜品种区域试验中,16点次的平均块根产量为39877.8kg/hm2,比对照种甜研303和甜单二号平均高12.16%;平均含糖率16.47%,比对照低0.46度;平均理论产糖量为6667.5 kg/hm2,比对照高8.77%.在2003年的黑龙江省甜菜品种生产示范试验中,4个试验点平均块根产量为41273.9 kg/hm2,比对照种甜单二号提高17.88%;平均含糖率16.89%,比对照低0.52度;平均理论产糖量为7135.6 kg/hm2,比对照高14.18%.该品种抗褐斑病性与对照种相仿.2004年初通过黑龙江省农作物品种审定委员会审定命名.     

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族6个成员的染色体物理定位

MADS-box基因家族广泛分布于真核生物中,巴西橡胶树的MADS-box基因家族主要参与花形态建成,对生殖生长起到重要的调节作用。目前,MADS-box基因家族的26个相关基因已被克隆分析,但它们在染色体上的具体位置还未确定。本研究以巴西橡胶树‘热研7-33-97’品种为材料,将MADS-box基因家族的6个成员（HbAGL8、HbAG15、HbAGL30、HbTT16、HbAP1和HbSVP1）定位在细胞核染色体上,通过双探针荧光原位杂交技术（FISH）对巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族的这6个成员在细胞核染色体上进行物理定位分析。结果表明：MADS-box基因家族的6个基因分别位于不同的染色体上,其中HbAGL15、HbAG8、HbAG30和HbSVP1基因定位在第4、5、7和8号染色体长臂上,其信号位点到着丝粒的平均百分距离是11.85、39.71、48.94和6.70;HbTT16和HbAP1基因定位在第1和13号染色体短臂上,其信号位点到着丝粒的平均百分距离是22.19和18.01。本研究结果揭示了巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族的6个成员在细胞核染色体上的实际位置,展现家族基因之间的分布特点和连锁遗传关系,不仅丰富了橡胶树分子细胞遗传学信息,也为橡胶树的分子辅助育种和比较基因组学研究提供了分子细胞遗传学的科学理论依据。     

Comparison of two methods of PCNB application for control of Rhizoctonia infection of potatoes

A broadcast application of PCNB (Terraclor) resulted in a reasonably uniform distribution of the chemical in the soil with the concentration decreasing in a linear fashion with increasing depth in the soil profile. A banded application resuluted in a considerably higher chemical concentration at the 4–6 inch depth than at the 0–2 or the 2–4 inch depths. The problem of the lack of uniformity of chemical distribution could probably be solved by altering nozzle placement and size and allow use of the band method of application to minimize grower cost. More complete disking in the case of the broadcast treatment would probably result in a relatively uniform distribution of the chemical but at higher cost to the grower. PCNB application rates of 10, 15 and 25 lbs per acre broadcast and 71/2, 10 and 121/2 lbs per acre in a band significantly reduced the severity ofRhizoctonia infection of Russet Burbank potatoes but did not increase potato yields significantly.     

Prediction of the digestibility of the diet of horses: evaluation of faecal indices

Data from in vivo digestibility trial with four to six horses fed twenty-seven forage-based diets are used to calculate prediction equations for the digestibility of dry and organic matter, based on the crude ash (CA), crude protein (CP) and crude fibre (CF) contents of diets and faeces. The most precise prediction of dry-matter digestibility (r.s.d. = 0.032, R²= 0.80) was derived from a multiple regression including faecal (CP, CF) and dietary parameters (CF). Among faecal parameters, CP was the best single predictor of both digestibility (r.s.d) = 0.040, r²= 0.63) and dietary CP content (r.s.d = 0.028, r²= 0.59). For biological reasons we propose a non-linear model that allows prediction of dry- and organic-matter digestibility from faecal CP Content with reasonable Precision (r.s.d = 0.038, 0.036, r²= 0.65, 0.74, respectively). This will be adequate for many studies, especially for free-living animals in rangelands.