枯草芽孢杆菌种子包衣对棉花黄萎病抑制作用的研究

通过田间小区试验,研究不同包衣处理防治黄萎病的效果。结果表明:包衣处理出苗时间缩短1~2d,出苗率有所提高,其中枯草芽孢杆菌包衣处理表现最好,株高增长快,利于真叶数、果枝数增加。在黄萎病防治上,40%卫福悬浮种衣剂包衣处理的效果最好,达到了39.2%。产量表现上,枯草芽孢杆菌包衣处理产量最高,为6791kg·hm~(-2),比对照增产36.92%,增产效果明显。     

枯草芽孢杆菌对南疆棉花黄萎病、产量及纤维品质的影响

以中棉所49为供试品种，在新疆阿克苏棉花黄萎病重病地进行枯草芽孢杆菌滴灌处理防治黄萎病试验，并分析了其对产量和纤维品质的影响。结果表明：棉花黄萎病发生初期，枯草芽孢杆菌滴灌处理可使病情指数较未处理区显著降低，对黄萎病的防治效果达到40%；在黄萎病发生高峰期，枯草芽孢杆菌滴灌处理对黄萎病的防治效果不显著。枯草芽孢杆菌滴灌处理较对照，籽棉产量略增加但差异不显著，对纤维品质也无显著影响。因此，枯草芽孢杆菌在新疆阿克苏地区滴灌可以用于棉花黄萎病的防治，但应在发病高峰前施用。     

枯草芽孢杆菌粉剂对棉花的防病与促进生长效果

 对枯草芽孢杆菌粉剂防治棉花枯、黄萎病与促进棉花生长效果进行了田间试验研究。结果表明：枯草芽孢杆菌粉剂对棉花枯、黄萎病有一定的防治效果,苗期施药预防效果明显高于蕾期用药和药剂对照;在促进棉花生长和提高棉花的产量、品质方面有一定的作用,可提高霜前花率;苗期开始灌根施药增产率最高,为7.49%。     

枯草芽孢杆菌Jaas ed1菌剂对棉花黄萎病的防效研究

为探讨枯草芽孢杆菌对棉花黄萎病的防治效果,加快内生拮抗细菌-枯草芽孢杆菌Jaased1菌剂防治棉花黄萎病试验示范进程,利用Jaas ed1菌剂在苗期对棉花进行灌根处理,以及现蕾初期对棉花进行灌根处理。结果表明:新型内生拮抗细菌枯草芽孢杆菌Jaas ed1能抑制棉花黄萎病的发生,特别是苗期以及现蕾初期进行药剂灌根,对预防棉花黄萎病的发生具有较好的效果,防治效果达到53.2%;同时可以促进棉花的生长,提高棉花的产量,籽棉产量、皮棉产量分别比清水对照高7.95%、8.19%。     

枯草芽孢杆菌对马铃薯黑痣病和黄萎病的防效及对土壤酶活性的影响

随着马铃薯主粮化战略的实施,重茬种植现象普遍,黑痣病与黄萎病危害严重。目前主要应用化学药剂进行防治,造成环境污染与食品安全问题。枯草芽孢杆菌菌剂对一些作物土传病害防治效果较好,为明确其对马铃薯黑痣病和黄萎病的田间防治效果与应用方法,在重茬地进行了田间防治和马铃薯根围土壤酶活性的研究。结果表明,枯草芽孢杆菌对马铃薯黑痣病、黄萎病均有较好的防治效果。枯草芽孢杆菌与有机肥混合沟施(每667 m^2沟施枯草芽孢杆菌颗粒剂10 kg+有机肥500 kg)对马铃薯块茎黑痣病防治效果最佳,达到了63.65%,枯草芽孢杆菌与化学药剂混合拌种(每667 m^2种薯用枯草芽孢杆菌粉剂500 g+3%中生菌素43 g+70%甲基硫菌灵107 g拌种)对马铃薯黄萎病的防效达到了38.72%。这2种处理对马铃薯的增产效果也最为明显,分别增产20.00%和22.66%。对不同生育期马铃薯根围土壤酶活性的分析得知,枯草芽孢杆菌能够提高土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和磷酸酶的活性,但对过氧化氢酶活性的增加没有显著效果。化学药剂拌种对土壤蔗糖酶活性有抑制作用。     

枯草芽孢杆菌对棉花黄萎病田间防治效果试验

在河南开封对10亿·g^-1枯草芽孢杆菌干粉种衣剂防治棉花黄萎病与促进棉花生长效果进行了田间试验研究。结果表明：“枯草芽孢杆菌”干粉种衣剂对棉花黄萎病有一定的防治效果,能够促进棉花生长和提高棉花的产量。     

天达牌壮苗剂和增产剂对防治棉花早衰试验

通过在棉花苗期两次喷施棉花专用型壮苗剂和中后期两次喷施棉花专用型增产剂,结果表明：喷施该药剂对棉花株高的影响较大,对其它性状影响不明显;8月30日调查数据显示施药处理小区平均早衰指数明显低于不施药处理（对照）,防治效果为43.2％;施药处理的籽指显著提高,单铃重略增,从而导致处理小区产量的增加,籽棉较对照增产5.4％,但差异不显著。     

南疆中长绒陆地棉高产栽培示范总结

新疆建设兵团第三师农业科学研究所经过2011-2013年对陆地中长绒棉引种和高产栽培示范。采取选好品种、精量播种、合理配施基肥、膜下滴灌、水肥耦合、合理化调、枯草芽孢杆菌防黄萎病、结合常规管理等主要配套技术。取得了大面积连续三年平均籽棉产量达到了7500kg／hm2,皮棉产量达3000kg／hm2。实现了中长绒棉在南疆的增产增效。     

枯草芽孢杆菌粉剂对棉花黄萎病防效初探

棉花黄萎病因缺乏有效药剂防治,一直是棉花种植业当中的一个难题。本试验表明,枯草芽孢杆菌在新疆农三师垦区对棉花黄萎病有比较明显的抑制作用,可显著提高棉花单产。     

枯草芽孢杆菌Jaased1菌剂防治棉花黄萎病效果分析

于2014年和2015年在黄冈市现代农业科技示范园,通过利用新型内生拮抗细菌-枯草芽孢杆菌Jaased1菌剂育苗拌土及在苗期对棉花进行灌根处理。结果表明:枯草芽孢杆菌Jaased1菌剂对预防棉花黄萎病的发生具有一定的效果,可以促进棉花的生长,提高棉花的产量。     

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族6个成员的染色体物理定位

MADS-box基因家族广泛分布于真核生物中,巴西橡胶树的MADS-box基因家族主要参与花形态建成,对生殖生长起到重要的调节作用。目前,MADS-box基因家族的26个相关基因已被克隆分析,但它们在染色体上的具体位置还未确定。本研究以巴西橡胶树‘热研7-33-97’品种为材料,将MADS-box基因家族的6个成员（HbAGL8、HbAG15、HbAGL30、HbTT16、HbAP1和HbSVP1）定位在细胞核染色体上,通过双探针荧光原位杂交技术（FISH）对巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族的这6个成员在细胞核染色体上进行物理定位分析。结果表明：MADS-box基因家族的6个基因分别位于不同的染色体上,其中HbAGL15、HbAG8、HbAG30和HbSVP1基因定位在第4、5、7和8号染色体长臂上,其信号位点到着丝粒的平均百分距离是11.85、39.71、48.94和6.70;HbTT16和HbAP1基因定位在第1和13号染色体短臂上,其信号位点到着丝粒的平均百分距离是22.19和18.01。本研究结果揭示了巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族的6个成员在细胞核染色体上的实际位置,展现家族基因之间的分布特点和连锁遗传关系,不仅丰富了橡胶树分子细胞遗传学信息,也为橡胶树的分子辅助育种和比较基因组学研究提供了分子细胞遗传学的科学理论依据。     

Comparison of two methods of PCNB application for control of Rhizoctonia infection of potatoes

A broadcast application of PCNB (Terraclor) resulted in a reasonably uniform distribution of the chemical in the soil with the concentration decreasing in a linear fashion with increasing depth in the soil profile. A banded application resuluted in a considerably higher chemical concentration at the 4–6 inch depth than at the 0–2 or the 2–4 inch depths. The problem of the lack of uniformity of chemical distribution could probably be solved by altering nozzle placement and size and allow use of the band method of application to minimize grower cost. More complete disking in the case of the broadcast treatment would probably result in a relatively uniform distribution of the chemical but at higher cost to the grower. PCNB application rates of 10, 15 and 25 lbs per acre broadcast and 71/2, 10 and 121/2 lbs per acre in a band significantly reduced the severity ofRhizoctonia infection of Russet Burbank potatoes but did not increase potato yields significantly.     

Prediction of the digestibility of the diet of horses: evaluation of faecal indices

Data from in vivo digestibility trial with four to six horses fed twenty-seven forage-based diets are used to calculate prediction equations for the digestibility of dry and organic matter, based on the crude ash (CA), crude protein (CP) and crude fibre (CF) contents of diets and faeces. The most precise prediction of dry-matter digestibility (r.s.d. = 0.032, R²= 0.80) was derived from a multiple regression including faecal (CP, CF) and dietary parameters (CF). Among faecal parameters, CP was the best single predictor of both digestibility (r.s.d) = 0.040, r²= 0.63) and dietary CP content (r.s.d = 0.028, r²= 0.59). For biological reasons we propose a non-linear model that allows prediction of dry- and organic-matter digestibility from faecal CP Content with reasonable Precision (r.s.d = 0.038, 0.036, r²= 0.65, 0.74, respectively). This will be adequate for many studies, especially for free-living animals in rangelands.