转基因抗虫棉产量构成因素的相关性研究

对11个转基因抗虫棉新品系的产量构成要素进行典型相关分析,结果表明,环境因素不同,影响皮棉产量的关键因素不同;皮棉产量构成要素之间相互联系,相互影响。单纯地过高选择某一因素,会影响其他产量构成要素的动态平衡,限制产量的提高;转基因抗虫棉的皮棉产量构成要素间存在动态平衡关系。不同的组成模型,其皮棉产量有一定差异;单株铃数、铃重、衣分都有适宜的选择范围,在适宜的范围内选择各因素的动态平衡有利于形成优化组合模型。     

大麦株高构成指数的遗传分析

为给啤酒大麦高产育种提供参考依据,选用7个株高构成指数存在一定差异的啤酒大麦品种(系),连续两年按照Griffing双列杂交方法II配制21个杂交组合,对大麦株高构成指数的遗传特性及其与产量性状的相关性进行分析。结果表明,株高构成指数IL、I1、I2、I3、I4在基因型间差异达到极显著水平,在年份间和年份×基因型互作间只有I4存在显著的差异;7个大麦亲本和21个杂种F1的株高构成指数的平均值均接近黄金分割值0.618;株高构成指数IL、I1、I4的遗传符合加性-显性模型,以加性效应为主,显性程度IL和I1为部分显性,I4为完全显性至部分显性,具有较高的狭义遗传力;I2和I3遗传符合加性-显性-上位性模型;控制IL和I4的减效等位基因为显性,控制I1的增效等位基因为显性;株高构成指数可能受1对或2对主基因控制。相关分析表明株高构成指数与株高和千粒重均无显著相关,I2与穗长呈显著正相关,IL、I1与穗粒数呈显著正相关,I1与籽粒产量呈显著正相关。     

不同灌溉方式对枣树间作长绒棉生育期和产量的影响

 通过调查不同灌溉方式对枣树间作长绒棉的生育期和产量影响,结果表明：滴灌方式下,1～2年树龄枣树间作长绒棉的生育期比单作滴灌长绒棉延长4 d,子棉和皮棉单产分别降低17.0%和16.0%;3～4年树龄枣树间作长绒棉的生育期比单作滴灌长绒棉延长12 d,子棉和皮棉单产分别降低30.1%和30.4%。常规灌溉方式下,1～2年树龄枣树间作长绒棉的生育期比单作滴灌长绒棉延长1 d,子棉和皮棉单产分别降低24.1%和24.4%,3～4年树龄枣树间作长绒棉的生育期比单作滴灌长绒棉延长7 d,子棉和皮棉单产分别降低44.7%和45.5%。     

杂交抗虫棉主要性状对产量形成的影响

利用河南省抗虫杂交棉区域试验多个试验点的数据,采用Excel统计分析处理,把株铃数、密度、铃重等产量性状与纤维品质及抗病性等13个性状综合在一起进行相关和通径分析,旨在更客观合理地找出影响抗虫杂交棉皮棉产量形成的主要因素和次要因素,为选育抗虫杂交棉新品种提供依据。1产量与其它因素相关分析抗虫杂交棉产量构成因素中,株铃数、密度、霜前花率与皮棉产量相关分别达到极显著和显著水平,且为正相关;黄萎病株率、株高与皮棉产量呈显著负相关,铃重、枯萎病株率、生育期呈不显著负相关;纤维长度、果枝数与皮棉产量呈不显著正相关,比强度…     

不同裸燕麦品种抗倒能力及产量差异分析

为筛选抗倒伏能力强的高产裸燕麦品种,对16个裸燕麦品种的抗倒伏能力和产量进行比较,利用主成分分析和通径分析对与抗倒伏相关的7个性状进行分析。结果表明,裸燕麦品种间地上部生物量构成、主要农艺性状、茎秆基部第二节间形态及倒伏指数、产量及其构成因素均存在差异。通过主成分分析和通径分析,株高和穗位高是评价裸燕麦抗倒伏能力的关键。产量较高的白燕2号、白燕18号、花早2号的株高、穗位高较低,倒伏指数较小且田间未发现倒伏;坝莜14号、晋燕17号虽具有较高产量,但其株高、穗位高较高,倒伏指数较大,且田间分别表现为7级易倒伏和5级中抗倒伏。白燕2号、白燕18号、花早2号抗倒伏综合表现良好,产量高,适宜在内蒙古乌兰察布地区及类似地区推广种植。     

新陆中8号高产棉田产量结构与栽培技术

新陆中 8号 (91 - 1 9)作为南疆棉花主栽品种 ,产量优势明显 ,每公顷皮棉产量达到 2 2 50～2 70 0 kg,1 997～ 1 999年连续 3年对新陆中 8号高产棉田进行调研 ,并对相关资料进行统计分析。现将结果报告如下。1产量结构1 .1产量构成因素及其相关性通过对高产棉田产量构成因素统计分析 ,得出 :新陆中 8号皮棉产量与果枝数、有效果枝数、单株成铃数、铃重呈显著相关关系 ,而与密度相关性不显著 .其中单株成铃数在产量构成因素中的增产效应最大 (r=0 .7998* * ) ,说明 :新陆中 8号产量主要是依靠单株产量的形成来获得的。根据资料分析结果 ,新陆…     

对13个杂交棉品种的产量与性状间逐步回归分析

运用逐步回归、通径分析和相关性分析方法,研究了13个杂交棉品种中6个农艺性状对皮棉产量的影响。以及产量与产量性状间的相关性性。结果表明：单株果枝数、铃重和铃数对皮棉产量有显著的负向直接贡献,株高、衣分和籽指对皮棉产量均表现为显著的正向贡献。衣分与皮棉产量间的相关系数最大。     

杂交棉与常规棉在江苏区试中的产量因素分析

应用1996～2006年期间江苏省杂交棉及常规棉区域试验资料,采用通径分析和偏相关分析等方法对杂交棉与常规棉在皮棉产量表现、产量构成因素的贡献率及其相互关系进行了统计分析。结果表明,杂交棉的皮棉产量、单株结铃数、铃重均显著高于常规棉,衣分显著低于常规棉。杂交棉与常规棉产量构成因素对皮棉产量的贡献率顺序均为株铃数〉铃重〉衣分,但杂交棉各产量构成因素与皮棉产量的关系更密切,单株结铃数、铃重和衣分之间的偏相关关系也更显著。     

小麦株高及其构成指数与产量及品质的相关性

为了给小麦栽培和品质育种提供参考,以15个小麦品种为材料,分析了不同基因型小麦品种株高及各节间长度、株高构成指数与产量及产量构成因素、蛋白质、湿面筋、淀粉含量的关系.结果表明,株高及各节间长度除穗下节间外与产量均呈负相关,除穗下节间外与蛋白质、湿面筋含量均呈正相关;穗下节间长度/节间总长、(穗下节间长+穗长)/株高与产量呈正相关,与穗粒数、单穗重呈极显著正相关,与蛋白质、湿面筋含量呈负相关;千粒重与株高、各节间长、穗下节间长度/节间总长、(穗下节间长度+穗长)/株高均呈负相关;株高构成指数与结实粒数、粒重、产量均呈正相关,与蛋白质、湿面筋含量呈二次曲线关系,节间构成指数与产量、蛋白质、湿面筋含量呈负相关,株高及节间构成指数与穗粒数、单穗重均呈正相关.穗下节间长度/节间总长、(穗下节间长+穗长)/株高、株高构成指数可以作为产量和品质协调的育种选择指标,强筋、中筋小麦应选择株高适中、抗倒性好、穗下节间不宜过长、株高构成指数IL<0.54的植株;弱筋小麦应选择株高偏矮、穗下节间较长、株高构成指数IL为0.56～0.58的植株.     

一批棉花品系农艺性状与产量的相关和通径分析

对28个棉花新品系的10个农艺性状进行评价,并对主要农艺性状与皮棉产量进行相关和通径分析。结果表明,衣分、单株铃数、株高与皮棉产量的相关性达极显著水平,相关系数分别为0.59、0.57和0.53,果枝数与皮棉产量显著相关,相关系数为0.46。通径分析表明,衣分、籽指、单铃重和株高4个性状对皮棉产量的影响较大。结合回归方程,确定单铃重和衣分为影响皮棉产量的主要因素,可作为棉花新品系高产育种的重要指标。     

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族6个成员的染色体物理定位

MADS-box基因家族广泛分布于真核生物中,巴西橡胶树的MADS-box基因家族主要参与花形态建成,对生殖生长起到重要的调节作用。目前,MADS-box基因家族的26个相关基因已被克隆分析,但它们在染色体上的具体位置还未确定。本研究以巴西橡胶树‘热研7-33-97’品种为材料,将MADS-box基因家族的6个成员（HbAGL8、HbAG15、HbAGL30、HbTT16、HbAP1和HbSVP1）定位在细胞核染色体上,通过双探针荧光原位杂交技术（FISH）对巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族的这6个成员在细胞核染色体上进行物理定位分析。结果表明：MADS-box基因家族的6个基因分别位于不同的染色体上,其中HbAGL15、HbAG8、HbAG30和HbSVP1基因定位在第4、5、7和8号染色体长臂上,其信号位点到着丝粒的平均百分距离是11.85、39.71、48.94和6.70;HbTT16和HbAP1基因定位在第1和13号染色体短臂上,其信号位点到着丝粒的平均百分距离是22.19和18.01。本研究结果揭示了巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族的6个成员在细胞核染色体上的实际位置,展现家族基因之间的分布特点和连锁遗传关系,不仅丰富了橡胶树分子细胞遗传学信息,也为橡胶树的分子辅助育种和比较基因组学研究提供了分子细胞遗传学的科学理论依据。     

Comparison of two methods of PCNB application for control of Rhizoctonia infection of potatoes

A broadcast application of PCNB (Terraclor) resulted in a reasonably uniform distribution of the chemical in the soil with the concentration decreasing in a linear fashion with increasing depth in the soil profile. A banded application resuluted in a considerably higher chemical concentration at the 4–6 inch depth than at the 0–2 or the 2–4 inch depths. The problem of the lack of uniformity of chemical distribution could probably be solved by altering nozzle placement and size and allow use of the band method of application to minimize grower cost. More complete disking in the case of the broadcast treatment would probably result in a relatively uniform distribution of the chemical but at higher cost to the grower. PCNB application rates of 10, 15 and 25 lbs per acre broadcast and 71/2, 10 and 121/2 lbs per acre in a band significantly reduced the severity ofRhizoctonia infection of Russet Burbank potatoes but did not increase potato yields significantly.     

Prediction of the digestibility of the diet of horses: evaluation of faecal indices

Data from in vivo digestibility trial with four to six horses fed twenty-seven forage-based diets are used to calculate prediction equations for the digestibility of dry and organic matter, based on the crude ash (CA), crude protein (CP) and crude fibre (CF) contents of diets and faeces. The most precise prediction of dry-matter digestibility (r.s.d. = 0.032, R²= 0.80) was derived from a multiple regression including faecal (CP, CF) and dietary parameters (CF). Among faecal parameters, CP was the best single predictor of both digestibility (r.s.d) = 0.040, r²= 0.63) and dietary CP content (r.s.d = 0.028, r²= 0.59). For biological reasons we propose a non-linear model that allows prediction of dry- and organic-matter digestibility from faecal CP Content with reasonable Precision (r.s.d = 0.038, 0.036, r²= 0.65, 0.74, respectively). This will be adequate for many studies, especially for free-living animals in rangelands.