SRI及其在浙江的应用前景

一、SRI的基本含义与特征SRI,即水稻强化栽培体系 (SystemofRiceIntensifi cation),是1983年由Henridelaulanie神父在马达加斯加提出的一种水稻高产高效栽培法。SRI的基本观点是 :为使稻株产量更高 ,每株必须有更多的分蘖、更多的有效穗 ,每穗有更多的粒数、更大的籽粒。为了使     

水稻强化栽培体系

水稻强化栽培体系（SRI0是一种新的高产栽培方法，首先在马达加斯加提出和应用，取得了成倍的增产效果，近年来，在印尼、菲律宾等国以及我国都在进行试验，初步显示了较大的增产潜力。对SRI这一新的栽培体系的主要方面作了简要介绍。     

水稻强化栽培体系试验初报

水稻强化栽培体系 (SystemofRiceIntensification,SRI)系20世纪80年代由HenrideLaulanie神父在马达加斯加(Madagascar)提出的一种新的栽培方法 ,其主要技术要点为少株稀植短秧龄。根据袁隆平先生介绍的资料 ,我们于2002年开展相关试验 ,以探索SRI对提高水稻产量的可能性及在本地区的应用前景。一、材料与方法水稻强化栽培体系试验的种植密度设50cm×50cm(处理① )、37.5cm×37.5cm(处理② )、25cm×25cm(处理③ )三种处理 ,均为10天秧龄 ,以25cm×25cm、30天秧龄的常规栽培法为对照 ,随机排列 ,四次重复 ,试验小区面积为1.5m×7.5m=11.…     

水稻强化栽培体系适宜移栽密度探讨

水稻强化栽培体系(SRI)不同移栽密度试验结果显示,以每公顷栽9万穴的处理产量最高,增产效应明显.增产原因是该处理具有穗数优势.     

杂交水稻强化栽培增产效果及经济效益分析

为了探讨水稻强化栽培体系(SRI)应用于杂交水稻的可行性，进行了杂交水稻SRI与一般栽培方法的比较试验。结果表明，杂交水稻强化栽培具有明显的增产效应和经济效益。同时认为杂交水稻强化栽培的栽插密度不宜小于7．5万穴/hm^2；以选择分蘖力中等偏上、株型稍松散的组合为宜。     

杂交晚粳“嘉优1号”SRI秧龄试验

SR I简称水稻强化栽培体系,由美国康乃尔大学首先提出,最早在马达加斯加应用,取得了成倍增产效果。具有增产潜力大,节省育秧和移栽用工,节约灌溉用水,改善土壤理化性状等优势。强化栽培技术是目前浙江省正在试验示范的水稻高产栽培技术推广项目,这项技术也列入海盐县科技项目。     

仙居县水稻强化栽培技术（SRI）试验示范结果初报

水稻强化栽培技术是一种高产高效栽培方法。为探索SRI在仙居县的适用性和增产潜力,2003年我们在横溪镇下陈村建立了一个面积为6．67hm^2的杂交籼稻粤优938 SRI示范方,并在该示范方内和白塔镇高迁村设置了水稻强化栽培秧龄、移栽密度、氮化肥用量及品种对比等4项试验。示范方前作以绿肥为主。     

SRI在寒地水稻生产中的应用

阐述了水稻强化栽培体系(SRI)的形成及其技术特点,介绍了黑龙江省成功研究寒地水稻SRI改进技术内容,以及该项技术应用获得平均增产15％以上,每公顷用种量由70．0 kg降至7．5 kg,增收节支 1 800元／hm2的显著效果。     

SRI在单季晚稻上的应用效果

水稻强化栽培技术体系(SRI)是20世纪80年代起源于马达加斯加的一种水稻高产高效栽培法。该栽培法的核心是：采取幼苗早栽、单本稀植、无水层湿润灌溉、增施有机肥等关键技术措施,强化稻株个体生长环境,强壮根系促进分蘖,充分挖掘个体生产潜力,从而达到大幅度提高产量的目的。2002年组织嘉兴、开化、淳安等地进行大区对比和大田观     

水稻强化栽培技术在台州单季水稻上的应用

水稻强化栽培(SRI)技术可改善稻株个体生长环境,充分挖掘个体生产潜力,植株发根力强,分蘖优势明显,且穗形大,能获得较大幅度增产。SRI还能降低育秧成本,节省灌溉用水(一般节水30%~40%)。介绍了SRI在台州单季水稻上的应用效果及其技术要点。     

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族6个成员的染色体物理定位

MADS-box基因家族广泛分布于真核生物中,巴西橡胶树的MADS-box基因家族主要参与花形态建成,对生殖生长起到重要的调节作用。目前,MADS-box基因家族的26个相关基因已被克隆分析,但它们在染色体上的具体位置还未确定。本研究以巴西橡胶树‘热研7-33-97’品种为材料,将MADS-box基因家族的6个成员（HbAGL8、HbAG15、HbAGL30、HbTT16、HbAP1和HbSVP1）定位在细胞核染色体上,通过双探针荧光原位杂交技术（FISH）对巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族的这6个成员在细胞核染色体上进行物理定位分析。结果表明：MADS-box基因家族的6个基因分别位于不同的染色体上,其中HbAGL15、HbAG8、HbAG30和HbSVP1基因定位在第4、5、7和8号染色体长臂上,其信号位点到着丝粒的平均百分距离是11.85、39.71、48.94和6.70;HbTT16和HbAP1基因定位在第1和13号染色体短臂上,其信号位点到着丝粒的平均百分距离是22.19和18.01。本研究结果揭示了巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族的6个成员在细胞核染色体上的实际位置,展现家族基因之间的分布特点和连锁遗传关系,不仅丰富了橡胶树分子细胞遗传学信息,也为橡胶树的分子辅助育种和比较基因组学研究提供了分子细胞遗传学的科学理论依据。     

Comparison of two methods of PCNB application for control of Rhizoctonia infection of potatoes

A broadcast application of PCNB (Terraclor) resulted in a reasonably uniform distribution of the chemical in the soil with the concentration decreasing in a linear fashion with increasing depth in the soil profile. A banded application resuluted in a considerably higher chemical concentration at the 4–6 inch depth than at the 0–2 or the 2–4 inch depths. The problem of the lack of uniformity of chemical distribution could probably be solved by altering nozzle placement and size and allow use of the band method of application to minimize grower cost. More complete disking in the case of the broadcast treatment would probably result in a relatively uniform distribution of the chemical but at higher cost to the grower. PCNB application rates of 10, 15 and 25 lbs per acre broadcast and 71/2, 10 and 121/2 lbs per acre in a band significantly reduced the severity ofRhizoctonia infection of Russet Burbank potatoes but did not increase potato yields significantly.     

Prediction of the digestibility of the diet of horses: evaluation of faecal indices

Data from in vivo digestibility trial with four to six horses fed twenty-seven forage-based diets are used to calculate prediction equations for the digestibility of dry and organic matter, based on the crude ash (CA), crude protein (CP) and crude fibre (CF) contents of diets and faeces. The most precise prediction of dry-matter digestibility (r.s.d. = 0.032, R²= 0.80) was derived from a multiple regression including faecal (CP, CF) and dietary parameters (CF). Among faecal parameters, CP was the best single predictor of both digestibility (r.s.d) = 0.040, r²= 0.63) and dietary CP content (r.s.d = 0.028, r²= 0.59). For biological reasons we propose a non-linear model that allows prediction of dry- and organic-matter digestibility from faecal CP Content with reasonable Precision (r.s.d = 0.038, 0.036, r²= 0.65, 0.74, respectively). This will be adequate for many studies, especially for free-living animals in rangelands.