不同氮、磷、钾肥配施对辽单565光合特性和产量的影响

以耐密型玉米辽单565为试验材料,研究不同氮、磷、钾肥配施对其光合特性和产量的影响。结果表明,氮肥试验中,辽单565穗上叶和穗位叶叶面积、穗位叶和穗下叶光合速率均以施氮量为135 kg/hm2时达到较高值,叶面积指数较高,穗位层叶片消光系数较小,产量较高;磷肥试验中,辽单565穗上叶和穗位叶叶面积、穗下叶光合速率均以施磷量为120 kg/hm2时达到较高值,穗位层叶片消光系数较小,产量较高;钾肥试验中,辽单565穗上叶光合速率和穗下叶叶面积均以施钾量为90 kg/hm2时处理较高,穗位层叶片消光系数较小,产量较高。不同氮、磷、钾肥配施试验中,以施氮量180 kg/hm2、施磷量75 kg/hm2、施钾量为90 kg/hm2时辽单565的产量最高。相关分析表明,穗上叶和穗位叶叶面积、穗下叶光合速率与产量均呈极显著正相关,穗位层消光系数与产量呈负相关。     

甘蔗不同基因型伸长盛期冠层特征比较

对14个甘蔗基因型伸长盛期冠层特征和产量进行比较研究。结果表明，甘蔗不同基因型的冠层特征存在显著或极显著差异。蔗茎产量与叶面积指数呈不显著负相关，与辐射透过系数呈极显著负相关，与平均叶倾角和平均消光系数呈负相关；消光系数与叶面积指数呈不显著负相关，与平均叶倾角、辐射透过系数呈显著或极显著正相关。从甘蔗群体的受光能力和群体内光分布看，桂糖94—119、粤农91—600，赣南95—108群体结构合理，产量高。     

小黑麦群体冠层结构及产量构成差异分析

为了解不同类型小黑麦冠层结构及产量构成差异,以加工型品种东农8809、饲用型品种东农5305和粮饲兼用型品种东农96026为材料,采用随机区组设计,探讨了三种类型小黑麦主要生育阶段的平均叶倾角、天空散射辐射透过率、太阳直射辐射透过率、消光系数和叶面积指数的特点。结果表明,加工型品种东农8809的消光系数小,生育后期叶倾角过大,出现漏光现象,这种不合理的冠层结构造成太阳辐射的浪费,使籽粒产量形成受到限制;饲用型品种东农5303的平均叶倾角在营养生长阶段最大,孕穗期降低,营养生长阶段较合理的冠层结构成为其较高叶面积指数形成的基础;粮饲兼用型品种东农96026的平均叶倾角、天空散射辐射透过率和直接辐射透过率均小,消光系数大,冠层结构合理,对光的截获能力强,籽粒产量最高。     

黑龙江省寒地不同种植密度下高产春玉米冠层结构及光辐射特征

研究不同种植密度下黑龙江省寒地春播郑单958和丰禾1的冠层结构及光辐射特征。结果表明,两个玉米品种在中密度下冠层结构及光分布均较优,产量最高。冠层内光合有效辐射、直射辐射透过系数随密度增加而减小。高密度下叶片分布的极差较大、平均叶倾角最大,其中,吐丝期郑单958叶片分布的极差及平均叶倾角分别达0.35和78.48;丰禾1分别达0.33和61.25。低密度下玉米生育后期叶面积指数最小、叶片分布的极差及光合有效辐射值最大。中密度下郑单958和丰禾1群体平均消光系数最高,吐丝期和灌浆中期分别为0.69～0.74、0.62～0.67;单株叶面积指数吐丝期至成熟期衰退最低,群体内光环境较优,利于玉米叶片的光合生产及最终产量的增加。     

无机与有机肥配施对小麦籽粒产量和淀粉糊化特性的影响

为了阐明天田条件下无机与有机肥配施对小麦籽粒产量和品质的调控效应,以中筋型小麦品种豫麦49-198为供试材料,研究了施用有机肥、无机与有机肥配施以及施用尿素处理对小麦籽粒产量和淀粉糊化特性的影响.结果表明,无杌与有机肥配施不仅可以显著提高小麦籽粒产量、蛋白质含量及蛋白质产量.还可以改善小麦淀粉糊化特性.综合各处理结果,施用有机肥以鸡粪处理、无机与有机肥配施以鸡粪+尿素处理对提高小麦籽粒产量、改善小麦淀粉糊化特性的效果较好.     

宽幅带播对大穗型冬小麦冠层特征及产量的影响

为了解宽幅带播在小麦种植上的应用效果,在大田条件下,以兰考矮早八为材料,研究了宽幅带播种植对大穗型冬小麦冠层特征及产量的影响.结果表明,与常规条播比较,宽幅带播的小麦群体叶面积指数、冠层光截获量和相对湿度较高,而冠层温度较低,穗数显著增加,产量提高0.47％～13.70％.宽幅带播下随着行距增大,叶面积指数、光截获量和湿度降低,而冠层温度升高,穗数和穗粒数减少,千粒重增加,最终产量降低.宽幅带播下15 cm行距可作为大穗型冬小麦品种的适宜行距配置.     

小麦冠层不同光质透光率与叶面积指数的定量关系研究

为探究小麦叶面积指数（LAI）的空间分布及与不同光质透光率间的关系,通过三年田间试验,设置不同品种、氮肥水平和灌水次数,测定分析了小麦拔节期至灌浆后期冠层不同空间层次的透射光及叶面积指数（LAI）,并对不同光质透光率与LAI间进行回归分析。结果表明,小麦LAI随生育时期的推进呈单峰动态变化,最高值出现在抽穗-开花期,且随灌水和施氮水平的增加而增大;光合有效辐射（PAR）透光率随生育时期呈先降后升趋势,且随灌水和施氮水平的增加而减小。LAI与PAR透光率均存在时空异质性,叶面积的垂直分布直接影响冠层内光分布。水氮处理对植株上层LAI影响较小,而对下层影响较大;40 cm处透光率递变明显,低水高氮以及高水低氮处理对透光率递减的影响较大。不同光质透光率均随冠层高度的下降均出现不同程度消减,透光率与向下累积LAI间均呈显著指数相关,相关性由强到弱依次为红边、蓝光、光合有效辐射（PAR）、绿光、近红外和红光。经回归分析,红边和蓝光透光率与LAI的定量关系表现较好,拟合性均优于PAR,尤其是红边透光率（R=0.749）,因此可以利用红边透光率建立模型,以监测小麦冠层 LAI。     

双重化控对春玉米不同密度群体冠层结构的影响

在大田栽培条件下,以京单28和先玉335为试验材料,设置5个密度梯度,分别于6叶期和9叶期叶面喷施膦酸胆碱合剂(ECK)和聚糠萘合剂(PKN),研究双重化控对春玉米群体冠层结构的影响.结果表明,随密度的增加,叶面积指数(LAI)、平均叶倾角(MTA)、株高、穗位高上升,透光率降低,冠层结构恶化.双重化控显著降低了高密度下(7.5万～10.5万株/hm²)LAI、穗下叶面积百分比,增加了MTA,提高了下层的通风透光性;缩短了穗下节间长,拉伸穗上节间长,改善了中上部的冠层结构;改善了玉米的穗部性状,显著提高了高密度下的玉米产量,京单28和先玉335产量增幅分别为9.76%～13.00%和10.95%～12.08%.研究表明,双重化控使玉米群体冠层结构得到合理优化,通风透光增强,使高密条件下植株个体维持较高的光合生理活性,产量同步提高.     

不同产量潜力小麦品种冠层光截获特性及产量的差异

为探讨超高产条件下不同产量潜力小麦品种冠层光截获特性及产量差异,于2016-2017年小麦生长季,以烟农1212、济麦22和良星99三个产量潜力不同的小麦品种为材料,在山东省兖州市小孟镇史家王子村超高产田进行试验,研究三个小麦品种群体动态、叶面积指数、冠层光截获特性、花后旗叶光合速率及产量的差异。结果表明:(1)烟农1212的分蘖成穗率及开花后28d和35d的叶面积指数、冠层PAR(光合有效辐射)截获率均显著高于济麦22和良星99,而花后14～35d,PAR透射率表现为良星99济麦22烟农1212。(2)开花后0d和7d,烟农1212和济麦22的旗叶光合速率无显著差异,均显著高于良星99;花后14～35d烟农1212的旗叶光合速率显著高于济麦22和良星99。(3)品种间单位面积穗数无显著差异,烟农1212的穗粒数和籽粒产量均显著高于济麦22和良星99,千粒重显著高于良星99。在本试验条件下,烟农1212是冠层光截获特性最优、籽粒产量最高的小麦品种。     

生育后期冠层结构对超高产小麦品种(系)光能利用及产量的影响

为了研究超高产小麦品种冠层结构时产量的影响,以鲁原301、潍麦8号和山农62G三个超高产小麦新品种(系)和对照品种鲁麦14为材料,采用"大田切片法"研究其在生育后期的冠层结构和产量变化.结果表明,与鲁麦14相比,三个超高产小麦品种(系)在生育后期旗叶、倒二叶和倒三叶都具有较高的光合速率,而且各品种下层的叶面积指数、群体的透光率和光能利用率明显高于鲁麦14;鲁原301、潍麦8号和山农62G品种的产量分别比鲁麦14提高8.6%、17.0 %、16.7%,差异均达到显著水平.说明超高产小麦具有较合理的群体结构,有利于叶片对光能的吸收、保持群体中下部叶片较高的光合能力、积累更多的有机物质,最终提高籽粒产量.     

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族6个成员的染色体物理定位

MADS-box基因家族广泛分布于真核生物中,巴西橡胶树的MADS-box基因家族主要参与花形态建成,对生殖生长起到重要的调节作用。目前,MADS-box基因家族的26个相关基因已被克隆分析,但它们在染色体上的具体位置还未确定。本研究以巴西橡胶树‘热研7-33-97’品种为材料,将MADS-box基因家族的6个成员（HbAGL8、HbAG15、HbAGL30、HbTT16、HbAP1和HbSVP1）定位在细胞核染色体上,通过双探针荧光原位杂交技术（FISH）对巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族的这6个成员在细胞核染色体上进行物理定位分析。结果表明：MADS-box基因家族的6个基因分别位于不同的染色体上,其中HbAGL15、HbAG8、HbAG30和HbSVP1基因定位在第4、5、7和8号染色体长臂上,其信号位点到着丝粒的平均百分距离是11.85、39.71、48.94和6.70;HbTT16和HbAP1基因定位在第1和13号染色体短臂上,其信号位点到着丝粒的平均百分距离是22.19和18.01。本研究结果揭示了巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族的6个成员在细胞核染色体上的实际位置,展现家族基因之间的分布特点和连锁遗传关系,不仅丰富了橡胶树分子细胞遗传学信息,也为橡胶树的分子辅助育种和比较基因组学研究提供了分子细胞遗传学的科学理论依据。     

Comparison of two methods of PCNB application for control of Rhizoctonia infection of potatoes

A broadcast application of PCNB (Terraclor) resulted in a reasonably uniform distribution of the chemical in the soil with the concentration decreasing in a linear fashion with increasing depth in the soil profile. A banded application resuluted in a considerably higher chemical concentration at the 4–6 inch depth than at the 0–2 or the 2–4 inch depths. The problem of the lack of uniformity of chemical distribution could probably be solved by altering nozzle placement and size and allow use of the band method of application to minimize grower cost. More complete disking in the case of the broadcast treatment would probably result in a relatively uniform distribution of the chemical but at higher cost to the grower. PCNB application rates of 10, 15 and 25 lbs per acre broadcast and 71/2, 10 and 121/2 lbs per acre in a band significantly reduced the severity ofRhizoctonia infection of Russet Burbank potatoes but did not increase potato yields significantly.     

Prediction of the digestibility of the diet of horses: evaluation of faecal indices

Data from in vivo digestibility trial with four to six horses fed twenty-seven forage-based diets are used to calculate prediction equations for the digestibility of dry and organic matter, based on the crude ash (CA), crude protein (CP) and crude fibre (CF) contents of diets and faeces. The most precise prediction of dry-matter digestibility (r.s.d. = 0.032, R²= 0.80) was derived from a multiple regression including faecal (CP, CF) and dietary parameters (CF). Among faecal parameters, CP was the best single predictor of both digestibility (r.s.d) = 0.040, r²= 0.63) and dietary CP content (r.s.d = 0.028, r²= 0.59). For biological reasons we propose a non-linear model that allows prediction of dry- and organic-matter digestibility from faecal CP Content with reasonable Precision (r.s.d = 0.038, 0.036, r²= 0.65, 0.74, respectively). This will be adequate for many studies, especially for free-living animals in rangelands.