干旱半干旱区马铃薯新品种(系)对比试验

为筛选适宜定西市安定区生产种植的高产、优质、抗病的马铃薯新品种,试验引进了9个马铃薯品种(系),以‘陇薯6号’为对照,进行了对比试验。结果表明,‘青薯9号’产量最高,为42 305 kg/hm~2,较对照‘陇薯6号’高7 162 kg/hm~2,增产20.38%,其次是‘冀张薯8号’,产量为37 394 kg/hm~2,较对照增产6.41%。‘农天2号’产量最低,为24 579 kg/hm~2,较对照减产30.06%。参试的9个马铃薯品种(系)中,‘青薯9号’田间长势、抗病性和产量表现突出,其次是‘冀张薯8号’,可在定西市安定区大面积试种。     

张掖市高淀粉马铃薯新品种比较

为筛选出适宜张掖市种植的高产优质高淀粉马铃薯新品种,2014年引进10个马铃薯新品种(系)以‘陇薯3号’为对照进行了品种比较试验。结果表明,‘陇薯9号’、‘青薯10号’田间长势强、商品性好,块茎产量和淀粉产量高。‘陇薯9号’淀粉产量15 328 kg/hm~2,较对照‘陇薯3号’增产49.78%;‘青薯10号’淀粉产量15 188 kg/hm~2,较对照‘陇薯3号’增产48.41%。因此,这2个品种适宜在张掖市推广种植。     

西藏高产优质马铃薯新品种筛选及稳产性研究

西藏马铃薯存在种性退化、品种单一等问题。为筛选出适合拉萨栽培的高产优质马铃薯新品种,开展了马铃薯新品种引进与筛选试验。试验以高产优质品种‘青薯9号’为对照,与引进的10个马铃薯新品种在拉萨市进行了一点两年品种比较试验。结果表明,‘青薯168’平均产量3 360 kg/667m~2,变异度9.317 8,商品薯率60%,属于高产稳产品种;‘丽薯10号’淀粉含量20.31 g/100g,还原糖含量仅0.22 g/100g,属于加工型品种;‘中薯19号’和‘陇薯10号’平均产量分别达3 703和3 287 kg/667m~2,变异度为4.664 5和5.140 3,且品质表现较好,属于高产稳产优质马铃薯品种,适宜在拉萨市推广种植。     

定西市旱作马铃薯主粮化新品种比较试验

为筛选适应马铃薯主粮化战略需求的高产多抗优质马铃薯新品种,以定西市主栽品种‘新大坪’、‘陇薯6号’为对照,对10个引进品种进行比较试验,综合比较分析了各品种的生物学特性、丰产性、抗逆性、商品性和营养品质等性状。结果表明,‘青薯9号’、‘冀张薯8号’和‘陇薯10号’3个品种产量较高,分别为55774,46904和45982 kg/hm^2,较‘新大坪’分别增产21280,12410和11488 kg/hm^2,增产率分别为61.7%,36.0%和33.3%;较‘陇薯6号’分别增产21042,12172和11250 kg/hm^2,增产率分别为60.6%,35.0%和32.4%。这3个品种抗旱抗病性强,商品性、营养品质较好,符合马铃薯主粮化品种要求,具有良好的主粮化开发前景,可在干旱半干旱地区大面积示范种植。     

芒市冬作马铃薯新品种比较试验

为了筛选出适宜德宏州冬季种植的优质、高产、抗病马铃薯新品种,选择了7个马铃薯品种进行田间栽培比较试验。结果表明:‘青薯9号’和‘丽薯6号’的抗病性、商品薯性、经济效益均明显高于其他品种,产值相比对照‘合作88’高出18 968元/hm2和23 740元/hm2,经济效益明显,适宜本地推广种植。     

德宏州地区冬马铃薯新品种比较试验

为筛选出适宜德宏州冬季种植的高产抗病马铃薯新品种,以‘合作88’为对照,比较了11个品种的生育期、特征特性、抗病性和产量。结果表明,‘青薯9号’、‘云薯606’和‘中薯20号’产量显著高于对照品种,可在德宏州地区推广种植;‘中薯18号’、‘云薯605’、‘丽薯14号’和‘冀张薯12号’需进一步的试验;‘丽薯13号’、‘师大4号’、‘昆薯3号’和‘师大6号’宜淘汰。     

四川省冬马铃薯不同生态区品种引进与筛选

为筛选出适宜四川省不同生态区域的冬马铃薯品种,四川马铃薯创新团队在6个不同生态区域开展冬马铃薯品种引进与筛选多年多点试验。结果表明,在成都平原,‘川凉薯9号’和‘凉薯97’表现突出;在川中丘陵区,‘川芋10号’产量最高;在川东地区,产量较高的品种除对照‘费乌瑞它’外,‘中薯2号’和‘中薯3号’产量表现也较高;在川东北山区,引进的新品种‘鄂薯4号’增产显著;龙门山脉地区‘中薯2号’和‘坝薯10号’产量较高;而凉山州安宁河谷地区则以‘青薯9号’高抗晚疫病,产量表现最突出。由此可见,不同生态区域适宜的冬马铃薯品种差异较大,新品种引进与筛选工作应长期坚持。     

临洮县旱作区马铃薯新品种引选试验

为筛选出适宜临洮县种植并且受市场青睐的品种,以临洮县主栽品种‘陇薯10号’为对照,对7个引进的马铃薯新品种进行比较试验。结果表明,‘陇薯14号’‘陇薯9号’‘陇薯16号’和‘华颂7号’综合表现较好,商品薯率高,产量分别为3 726,2 648,2 636和2 607 kg/667m~2,较对照品种‘陇薯10号’分别增产50.75%、7.12%、6.63%、5.46%,建议在临洮县旱作区继续试验示范。     

福州马铃薯新引进品种(系)冬种比较试验

福建省马铃薯品种存在数量较少、多样性程度较低的问题,阻碍福建省马铃薯产业化发展。为了推进福建省马铃薯育种工作,筛选出适宜福建省冬种的马铃薯新品种(系),从国内3个马铃薯育种单位引进9个马铃薯品种(系),以‘紫花851’为对照,在福州地区开展新品种比较试验,并对其主要农艺性状和产量表现进行调查分析。结果表明,‘鄂薯11号’和‘东农311’均无缺苗现象,其中‘鄂薯11号’的商品薯率较对照品种高4.43个百分点,产量较对照品种高17.87%;‘东农311’虽然商品薯率较对照品种低4.27个百分点,但产量表现较突出,较对照品种高33.71%。因此,‘鄂薯11号’和‘东农311’适宜在福州地区种植,可进一步筛选成为适宜福建省冬种的马铃薯新品种(系)。     

2014年广东省冬种马铃薯品种比较试验

对从云南省和甘肃省引进的5个马铃薯品种(系)进行了品种比较试验,结果表明,‘云薯506’和‘陇薯7号’产量为61 495和60 240 kg/hm2,分别居第1位和第2位,与对照‘粤引85-38’(产量44 857 kg/hm2)相比,增产均达到极显著水平;‘S06-1169’产量为51 828 kg/hm2,与对照‘粤引85-38’相比,增产达到显著水平;‘云薯505’产量与对照‘粤引85-38’相当;‘陇薯10号’较对照‘粤引85-38’减产,但差异不显著。通过其他生物学性状的综合评价,初步筛选出‘云薯505’、‘云薯506’和‘陇薯7号’3个优良品种,并建议推荐参加2015年广东省马铃薯区域试验,为筛选适宜广东省冬种的马铃薯新品种提供参考。     

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族6个成员的染色体物理定位

MADS-box基因家族广泛分布于真核生物中,巴西橡胶树的MADS-box基因家族主要参与花形态建成,对生殖生长起到重要的调节作用。目前,MADS-box基因家族的26个相关基因已被克隆分析,但它们在染色体上的具体位置还未确定。本研究以巴西橡胶树‘热研7-33-97’品种为材料,将MADS-box基因家族的6个成员（HbAGL8、HbAG15、HbAGL30、HbTT16、HbAP1和HbSVP1）定位在细胞核染色体上,通过双探针荧光原位杂交技术（FISH）对巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族的这6个成员在细胞核染色体上进行物理定位分析。结果表明：MADS-box基因家族的6个基因分别位于不同的染色体上,其中HbAGL15、HbAG8、HbAG30和HbSVP1基因定位在第4、5、7和8号染色体长臂上,其信号位点到着丝粒的平均百分距离是11.85、39.71、48.94和6.70;HbTT16和HbAP1基因定位在第1和13号染色体短臂上,其信号位点到着丝粒的平均百分距离是22.19和18.01。本研究结果揭示了巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族的6个成员在细胞核染色体上的实际位置,展现家族基因之间的分布特点和连锁遗传关系,不仅丰富了橡胶树分子细胞遗传学信息,也为橡胶树的分子辅助育种和比较基因组学研究提供了分子细胞遗传学的科学理论依据。     

Comparison of two methods of PCNB application for control of Rhizoctonia infection of potatoes

A broadcast application of PCNB (Terraclor) resulted in a reasonably uniform distribution of the chemical in the soil with the concentration decreasing in a linear fashion with increasing depth in the soil profile. A banded application resuluted in a considerably higher chemical concentration at the 4–6 inch depth than at the 0–2 or the 2–4 inch depths. The problem of the lack of uniformity of chemical distribution could probably be solved by altering nozzle placement and size and allow use of the band method of application to minimize grower cost. More complete disking in the case of the broadcast treatment would probably result in a relatively uniform distribution of the chemical but at higher cost to the grower. PCNB application rates of 10, 15 and 25 lbs per acre broadcast and 71/2, 10 and 121/2 lbs per acre in a band significantly reduced the severity ofRhizoctonia infection of Russet Burbank potatoes but did not increase potato yields significantly.     

Prediction of the digestibility of the diet of horses: evaluation of faecal indices

Data from in vivo digestibility trial with four to six horses fed twenty-seven forage-based diets are used to calculate prediction equations for the digestibility of dry and organic matter, based on the crude ash (CA), crude protein (CP) and crude fibre (CF) contents of diets and faeces. The most precise prediction of dry-matter digestibility (r.s.d. = 0.032, R²= 0.80) was derived from a multiple regression including faecal (CP, CF) and dietary parameters (CF). Among faecal parameters, CP was the best single predictor of both digestibility (r.s.d) = 0.040, r²= 0.63) and dietary CP content (r.s.d = 0.028, r²= 0.59). For biological reasons we propose a non-linear model that allows prediction of dry- and organic-matter digestibility from faecal CP Content with reasonable Precision (r.s.d = 0.038, 0.036, r²= 0.65, 0.74, respectively). This will be adequate for many studies, especially for free-living animals in rangelands.