大豆肽的制备及其在养殖业中的应用

大豆肽是大豆蛋白经水解得到的低分子肽混合物,具有比大豆蛋白更优越的理化特性和生理功能,存很多领域引起广泛关注.综述大豆肽的制备方法及其在养殖业中的应用现状,为大豆肽应用于饲料添加剂提供参考.     

大豆蛋白水解酶及产物测定方法研究进展

大豆多肽是大豆蛋白经水解所得的低聚肽混合物,其生产方式多种多样,其中酶法生产大豆多肽以其特有的优势得到了广泛的关注.本文对生产大豆多肽的几类蛋白酶的水解特性,如温度、时间、酶的用量以及产物特点进行阐述,同时对多肽产物的测定方法进行了分析比较.     

大豆多肽生理活性、应用与前景分析

大豆多肽作为一种生物活性肽,具有防辐射、抗疲劳、降血脂、降血压和减肥等生理功能,在食品、化工、医疗等领域有巨大的开发价值。以近年来各种实验证据为依托,简要综述了大豆多肽的生理活性,揭示其广泛的应用前景。     

微小毛霉凝乳酶对大豆蛋白进行组分分离的研究

大豆球蛋白（7S）和β-伴大豆球蛋白（11S）是大豆中两种主要的贮藏蛋白,在结构和功能特性上具有很大的差异,广泛应用于食品及非食品领域。传统分离大豆蛋白组分的方法都需要添加还原剂,其残留成为影响人体健康的安全隐患。利用微量凯氏定氮方法比较了微小毛霉凝乳酶作用于大豆蛋白和牛奶蛋白后产生的凝聚效果,发现其对大豆蛋白和牛奶蛋白有着不同的蛋白沉淀率。进一步试验表明：微小毛霉凝乳酶具有特异性的凝聚大豆蛋白11S组分的特性,且这种分离作用与酶反应降低了蛋白溶液的pH值无关。因此,微小毛霉凝乳酶可以用于大豆蛋白7S和11S组分的分离。     

大豆蛋白热改性及其解离缔合反应研究进展

大豆蛋白的解离缔合行为能够通过热处理使其发生解离缔合反应从而改变大豆蛋白构象来获得理想功能特性,因此蛋白的热解离缔合行为决定了大豆制品的后期加工特性、品质及其应用范围,是目前研究的热点。本文概述了大豆蛋白组分以及大豆蛋白热改性最新研究现状;综述了大豆分离蛋白、大豆球蛋白、伴大豆球蛋白和大豆脂蛋白热解离缔合反应过程最新研究进展,并分析了大豆蛋白组分在热解离缔合过程中的相互作用;为研究大豆蛋白在热处理过程中的蛋白的解离缔合机制及生产应用提供理论支撑。     

大豆深加工产品的应用

以大豆为主料或辅料的深加工产品主要应用于食品、饮品、药品、饲料制品、纺织品、精细化工制品、建材制品及生物制剂等。1　大豆蛋白制品除以豆腐为中心的传统大豆制品外,以大豆蛋白为中心的新型大豆制品也开发出许多种。如:脱脂大豆粉,功能性浓缩大豆蛋白,组织大豆蛋白,分离大豆蛋白,多肽,蛋白发泡剂,大豆蛋白纺织纤维,海绵蛋白。高分子聚合材料。大豆蛋白制品不但蛋白质含量高,氨基酸组成好,含有丰富的钙、磷、铁,而且具有很多功能特性,如与水、脂肪的结合能力,乳化作用及泡沫形成能力,薄膜形成,凝胶作用,黏合作用等,因此被广泛应用…     

大豆功能性成分的研究现状

大豆含有丰富的生理活性物质，包括有大豆蛋白，大豆磷脂，大豆异黄酮，大豆皂甙，大豆甾醇，大豆低聚糖，大豆膳食纤维等。本文综述了目前大豆各功能性成分的生理功能。     

从农业到生物医学:大豆育种研究的新方向

大豆富含多种具有独特生理功能的活性成分,包括大豆异黄酮、大豆多肽、大豆磷脂、大豆低聚糖、大豆皂甙等,具有抗肿瘤、降血脂、预防心血管疾病等作用,在保健食品和医学领域有着极高的潜在应用价值.基于大豆的保健和药用价值,文章综述了大豆活性成分与人体健康的关系、大豆生物医学性状改良以及评估方法,以期鼓励农业与生物医学的密切结合和...     

大豆蛋白乳化性研究进展

大豆蛋白质具有较高的营养价值及功能特性,是某些食品加工中的重要原料。乳化性是蛋白质的一种重要功能性质,它应包括乳化容量和乳化稳定性两种特性。本文探讨了大豆蛋白乳化性的研究进展,分析了我国大豆蛋白乳化性的研究现状。     

大豆分离蛋白的添加量对面包品质的影响

面包中添加大豆分离蛋白,可有效提高其营养价值和功能特性。本实验对向面包粉中单独添加大豆分离蛋白和添加大豆蛋白及乳化剂(硬脂酰乳酸钠,SSL)混合体的面包面团的流变学特性进行了比较研究,结果显示,后者明显优于前者。又对添加最大量大豆分离蛋白的面团进行了流变学特性和焙烤品质的研究,结果显示,添加了5.0%大豆分离蛋白及0.5%SSL的面包的焙烤品质最优。对生产高蛋白和功能性面包产品具有实际指导意义。     

Muscle Protein Hydrolysates and Amino Acid Composition in Fish

Fish muscle, which accounts for 15%–25% of the total protein in fish, is a desirable protein source. Their hydrolysate is in high demand nutritionally as a functional food and thus has high potential added value. The hydrolysate contains physiologically active amino acids and various essential nutrients, the contents of which depend on the source of protein, protease, hydrolysis method, hydrolysis conditions, and degree of hydrolysis. Therefore, it can be utilized for various industrial applications including use in nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals to help improve the health of humans. This review discusses muscle protein hydrolysates generated from the muscles of various fish species, as well as their amino acid composition, and highlights their functional properties and bioactivity. In addition, the role of the amino acid profile in regulating the biological and physiological activities, nutrition, and bitter taste of hydrolysates is discussed.     

基于元分析的大豆含硫氨基酸相关基因挖掘与信息学分析

提高含硫氨基酸组分是大豆品质改良的重要目标之一。本文借助Consensus Map 4.0高密度大豆遗传图谱,整合了33个含硫氨基酸QTL,并采用元分析方法,确定了8个含硫氨基酸Meta-QTL。通过QTL序列共线性区间分析,在Meta-QTL内筛选到7条用于候选基因发掘的基因组序列。利用基因功能注释,得到16个含硫氨基酸相关基因,包括6个氨基酸合成途径酶基因、1个11S大豆球蛋白A5A4B3亚基基因及9个调控基因。其中调控基因分别编码F-Box、PPR及转录因子3种蛋白。13个基因在NCBI数据库中分别有表达谱及SNP信息。大豆含硫氨基酸候选基因分析,可以为功能标记的开发和分子辅助育种提供有用信息。     

Characterization of milkweed (Asclepias spp.) seed proteins

Milkweed (Asclepias spp.) is a crop grown mainly for the production of floss used as hypoallergenic fillers in comforters and pillows. The seeds end up as by-products. Milkweed seed contains 21% oil and 30% crude protein (dry basis). The oil is similar in quality to soybean oil, but there is no information on the properties of milkweed protein. This study determined the MW of major fractions, soluble classes, amino acid composition, and functional properties of milkweed seed protein. Ground milkweed seeds were analyzed for proximate composition and amino acid profile, as well as, subjected to SDS-PAGE and protein functionality tests. Reduced proteins showed eight distinct bands with MW ranging from 6.5 to 59.3 kDa. The dominant protein classes were water-soluble (22%) and salt-soluble (15%). Solubility of milkweed seed protein was lowest (12%) at pH 4, 40% at pH 7, and reached a maximum (60%) at pH 10. The protein produced substantial foam volumes, but foam stability was poor. Its emulsifying capacity was excellent, especially at pH 10, and emulsions formed were stable. Water-holding capacity and surface hydrophobicity index values were higher at pH 7 than at pH 10. These results showed that milkweed seed protein has functional properties that may find use as a thickener, protein extender in adhesives, or emulsifier in paints.     

野生大豆营养成分及生物活性因子的研究进展

野生大豆在我国黄河三角洲地区种植面积较大,其含有丰富的氨基酸、矿物质元素等营养物质,还富有大豆异黄酮、皂苷、花青素、不饱和脂肪酸等功能成分,在食品及医药领域具有十分重要的应用前景。为了明确野生大豆中主要营养成分和生物活性因子的种类和具体功效,进一步促进野生大豆的开发利用,综述了野生大豆中各种营养成分和功能因子的研究进展,为野生大豆的合理开发利用提供一定的依据,并对其发展应用前景进行了展望。     

大豆水解蛋白调味料研制

近年来，大豆水解蛋白作为新一代食品添加剂，用于生产高档调味品和汤料，也作为蛋白质及氨基酸强化剂应用于营养保健品的生产，本文主要是以大豆饼粕为原料用酸水解法制备新型调味料的试验研究，对酸法工艺进行细致的研究。确定，完善水解工艺条件，并以水解物为基料研究出不同风味的调味料，同时给出了四种水解蛋白的产品的理化检测结果，最后对产品的特性进行了讨论与评价。     

大豆蛋白在食品及纺织工业中的应用

大豆是唯一“完全蛋白质”的植物来源,其9种必需氨基酸的含量均能满足人体的需要。近几年,随着加工工艺的改进,添加大豆蛋白的营养食品开始在世界范围内受到消费者的青睐。简要介绍了大豆蛋白的应用现状、特点及在食品中的应用。     

Protein content and amino acid profile of some wild leguminous seeds

Seeds of 28 wild growing legumes of India were analysed for their protein content and amino acid compositions. A wide variation was observed in protein contents (18.3 to 50.9%). The amino acid composition and protein content of some of these seeds were in close proximity to that of soybean; however, some legumes registered a higher level of certain amino acids and protein as compared to the latter.     

栽培措施对高油大豆产量及品质性状的影响

采用4因素4水平正交试验,研究了高油大豆品种、密度、施肥水平、播期对产量和品质的影响。结果表明,高油大豆的脂肪、蛋白质及蛋脂总量主要受品种自身的遗传因素影响,其次是播期的影响;而施肥水平对高油大豆的产量影响较大;17种氨基酸中,除丝氨酸、胱氨酸和蛋氨酸含量受品种因素影响较大外,其它14种氨基酸及氨基酸总量均受播期因素影响较大,而各种脂肪酸含量主要是由品种自身的遗传因素控制的。     

Composition and functional properties of protein isolates obtained from commercial legumes grown in northern Spain

Pea (Pisum sativum), faba bean (Vicia faba) and soybean (Glycine max) seeds were characterized, and protein isolates were prepared following an isoelectric point precipitation procedure. Soybean seeds showed the highest protein content (36.7%) and carbohydrate was the major constituent in the pea (59.4%) and the faba bean seeds (52.1%). Protein contents were higher than 80% in all the protein isolates. The amino acid contents in the protein isolates were, in general, higher than those in their own starting seeds. The antinutritional factor contents were reduced after the protein isolate preparation. The highest reductions achieved for tannins were 95% in the faba bean protein isolate, and for phytates (45%) and trypsin inhibitor activity (46%) in the pea protein isolate. Haemagglutinating activity was not detected in any of the protein isolates. Minimum solubility values were observed at a pH range between 4.0 and 6.0, and maximal solubilities were obtained at basic pH values. The faba bean protein isolate showed the highest water and oil absorption capacities, and the best gelling properties. The soybean protein isolate had the best foam expansion capacity. Thus, the protein isolates had an improvement in some of the characteristics compared to their original seeds with lower contents in tannins, phytates and haemagglutinating activity, but had weak functional properties.     

花生蛋白粉的制取及在食品工业中的应用

研究了低温脱脂花生蛋白粉的生产工艺，并对产品的功能性及营养成分进行测定。结果表明，低温脱脂花生蛋白粉的水溶性蛋白含量、氮的可溶性指数高于其他脱脂方法的花生蛋白粉；脱脂花生蛋白粉的起泡性、吸油性、泡沫稳定性优于大豆蛋白粉，蛋白质、脂肪、含硫氨基酸含量高于大豆蛋白粉，但赖氨酸偏低。花生蛋白粉可用于肉类制品、谷物焙烤制品、饮料、冷食以及副食品、调味品和休闲食品。