南方大豆核心种质主要农艺及产量性状的表型多样性评价

对南方大豆150份核心种质的15个主要农艺及产量性状进行表型多样性分析.结果表明:底荚高度、株高、有效分枝数的变异系数均在30%以上,单株粒数、单株荚数、百粒重、单株粒重、单位面积产量的变异系数均在20%以上;主成分分析结果表明,前5个主成分对变异的累计贡献率达88.432%,而其数量性状的差异主要是由生育期结构性状引起的;不同性状的多样性指数不同,同一性状在不同生态区种群中的多样性也不同;经聚类分析,南方大豆核心种质7个生态区域种群可划分为3组;随着纬度的升高,不同来源地大豆种质平均单位面积产量呈先增加后降低的趋势;筛选到大豆优异种质12份,并提出了其在生产和育种上的应用前景.     

薏苡农艺性状和产量的关系研究

为了分析薏苡农艺性状变异特征,探索决定薏苡单株产量的主要农艺性状,为优选薏苡高产品种提供参考,以贵薏1号、兴仁小白壳和云南师宗小黑壳为研究对象,在成熟期对薏苡株高、分枝数、各节位分枝粒数等20个主要农艺性状进行田间考察,采用相关分析和通径分析等方法分析薏苡主要农艺性状之间的关系,以明确薏苡单株产量形成的主要决定因子.结...     

早熟与中熟油菜品种的性状差异比较

为了明确早熟与中熟油菜品种农艺和产量性状的差异,利用参加国家油菜品种区域试验的早熟和中熟品种的区试结果,对早熟与中熟油菜品种间的各性状进行差异分析比较。结果显示:在农艺性状方面,早熟与中熟油菜品种的生育期、株高、一次有效分枝数存在极显著的差异,其中生育期的差异最明显,有效分枝部位和主花序长差异不显著;在产量性状上,主花序角果数、单株有效角果数、千粒重存在极显著的差异,其中主花序角果数的差异最显著,每角粒数差异不显著;在抗逆性方面两者差异不显著;在品质性状方面,硫苷和含油量存在显著的差异性,介酸含量差异不显著。     

胡麻种质资源表型性状的鉴定与分析

为了精准鉴定胡麻种质的表型,为种质创新和品种选育奠定基础,在4个环境下,对269份胡麻种质资源产量和品质相关14个表型性状进行鉴定统计分析,结果表明,胡麻产量和品质相关性状存在广泛的表型变异,其中单株粒重变异系数最大(24.33%),全生育日数变异系数最小(2.66%)。产量相关性状表型变异系数依次排序为单株粒重单株果数千粒重工艺长度分枝数株高果粒数全生育日数,品质性状表型变异系数依次排序为硬脂酸油酸棕榈酸亚油酸亚麻酸粗脂肪,14个表型性状均呈现正态分布的趋势。4个环境下亚麻酸的广义遗传力最大,达到了85.91%,工艺长度的广义遗传力最小,为52.38%。产量性状的广义遗传力依次排序为千粒重果粒数单株粒重株高全生育日数单株果数分枝数工艺长度,品质性状的广义遗传力依次排序为亚麻酸粗脂肪硬脂酸油酸棕榈酸硬脂酸。     

我国三熟制早熟油菜品种产量构成特点及育种对策

为提高三熟制地区油菜育种效率,本文研究了三熟制地区不同熟性油菜农艺性状对产量的影响。以2016-2020国家冬油菜品种区试中衡阳和宜春地区试验结果为基础数据,利用相关分析及通径分析研究了两个区域的油菜品种产量构成特点。结果发现,中熟组和早熟组株高、有效分枝数、菌核病发病率、病情指数、单株有效角果数、每角粒数、千粒重、密度、全生育期、含油量及产量差异显著。中熟油菜每角粒数、密度、菌核病抗性与产量呈极显著正相关,菌核病发病率、病情指数、生育期与产量极显著负相关,密度对产量的直接影响最大。早熟油菜株高、有效分枝数、单株有效角果数、每角粒数、密度、含油量与产量极显著正相关,菌核病发病率与产量显著负相关;对产量直接影响最大的是有效分枝数。认为育种策略中,两种油菜都应选育抗菌核病和适合高密度种植的品种,中熟油菜应提高单株有效角果数,而早熟油菜要增加有效分枝数。     

湖南省主推甘蓝型油菜品种种植密度与农艺性状及产量的相关性

选取6个试验基地(长沙、溆浦、醴陵、浏阳、沅江、南县) 2013～2017年的考种数据,进行油菜种植密度与株型性状及产量等因素的综合分析。结果表明:油菜种植密度与株高、有效分枝数、单株角果数和单株产量均呈极显著负相关,与分枝起点高度呈极显著正相关;株高、有效分枝数、单株角果数等农艺性状及产量指标随着种植密度的增加而下降,并在各密度梯度间达到显著差异,分枝起点高度则呈相反趋势,而每角果粒数、千粒重在各密度梯度间差异未达显著水平。结合品种、年份和种植密度在各性状间的分析发现,品种间的农艺性状和产量差异显著,年份间的差异主要表现在有效分枝数、分枝起点高度和单株产量上。适度提高油菜种植密度(至少大于15万株/公顷),有效降低植株高度,减少分枝数,推进机械化种植,能降低生产成本,实现增产增收。     

21个花生地方品种的数量性状分析和聚类分析

对贵州省21个花生地方品种和主要农艺性状的田间调查和室内考种数据的平均值进行性状比较、相关系数分析和聚类分析。结果表明，有效枝长、分枝数、单株荚果数、百果重、单株荚果产量变异系数较大，可用于杂交和选择育种，单株荚果产量与百果重、单株结果数呈极显著正相关，21个地方品种可分为3大类。     

贵州省黔西南州21个花生地方品种的数量性状分析和聚类分析

以贵州省黔西南州21个花生地方品种和主要农艺性状的田间调查和室内考种数据的平均值作性状比较、相关系数的分析和聚类分析.结果表明,有效枝长、分枝数、单株荚果数、百果重、单株荚果产量变异系数较大,可利用于杂交和选择育种单株荚果产量与百果重、单株结果数呈极显著正相关;21个地方品种可分为3大类.     

春大豆EMS诱变M1、M2代主要农艺性状的遗传变异及相关性

利用0.5％甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)溶液处理7个春大豆品种种子,并对M1和M2代主要农艺性状的遗传变异及相关性进行分析.结果表明:M1代主要是化学物质扰乱了植株生理而产生生理损伤发生了形态变异.M2代分枝数、单株荚数、单株粒数和单株粒重的变异系数较大.M2代各性状的广义遗传力以株高、主茎节数较高,而分枝数、单株粒数、单株...     

甘蓝型油菜主要农艺和产量性状的杂种优势及其分离世代的分析

利用1个细胞质雄性不育恢复系垦C1为父本,与2个不同来源的保持系配置杂交种F1,并构建了F2和F2∶3家系,对重要农艺和产量性状的杂种优势及其在分离世代的分离情况进行分析。对2个群体杂交种F1两年的杂种优势分析结果表明,单株产量、单株角果总数、一次分枝角果数等具有显著的正向杂种优势。在单株产量的3个构成因素中,单株角果总数杂种优势最强,而且不同群体、不同年份结果一致;每角粒数、千粒重的优势较小,而且不同群体、不同年份结果一致。对F2和F2∶3家系杂种优势的分析结果表明,重要农艺和产量性状如单株产量、小区产量、单株角果总数、一次分枝角果数等比杂种F1杂种优势显著降低,出现严重的分离现象。另一方面,各重要农艺性状的杂种优势同样存在丰富的变异,最大值与最小值间相差显著。在分离群体中还出现了超优亲现象,这为育种选择提供了丰富的遗传变异材料。     

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族6个成员的染色体物理定位

MADS-box基因家族广泛分布于真核生物中,巴西橡胶树的MADS-box基因家族主要参与花形态建成,对生殖生长起到重要的调节作用。目前,MADS-box基因家族的26个相关基因已被克隆分析,但它们在染色体上的具体位置还未确定。本研究以巴西橡胶树‘热研7-33-97’品种为材料,将MADS-box基因家族的6个成员（HbAGL8、HbAG15、HbAGL30、HbTT16、HbAP1和HbSVP1）定位在细胞核染色体上,通过双探针荧光原位杂交技术（FISH）对巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族的这6个成员在细胞核染色体上进行物理定位分析。结果表明：MADS-box基因家族的6个基因分别位于不同的染色体上,其中HbAGL15、HbAG8、HbAG30和HbSVP1基因定位在第4、5、7和8号染色体长臂上,其信号位点到着丝粒的平均百分距离是11.85、39.71、48.94和6.70;HbTT16和HbAP1基因定位在第1和13号染色体短臂上,其信号位点到着丝粒的平均百分距离是22.19和18.01。本研究结果揭示了巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族的6个成员在细胞核染色体上的实际位置,展现家族基因之间的分布特点和连锁遗传关系,不仅丰富了橡胶树分子细胞遗传学信息,也为橡胶树的分子辅助育种和比较基因组学研究提供了分子细胞遗传学的科学理论依据。     

Comparison of two methods of PCNB application for control of Rhizoctonia infection of potatoes

A broadcast application of PCNB (Terraclor) resulted in a reasonably uniform distribution of the chemical in the soil with the concentration decreasing in a linear fashion with increasing depth in the soil profile. A banded application resuluted in a considerably higher chemical concentration at the 4–6 inch depth than at the 0–2 or the 2–4 inch depths. The problem of the lack of uniformity of chemical distribution could probably be solved by altering nozzle placement and size and allow use of the band method of application to minimize grower cost. More complete disking in the case of the broadcast treatment would probably result in a relatively uniform distribution of the chemical but at higher cost to the grower. PCNB application rates of 10, 15 and 25 lbs per acre broadcast and 71/2, 10 and 121/2 lbs per acre in a band significantly reduced the severity ofRhizoctonia infection of Russet Burbank potatoes but did not increase potato yields significantly.     

Prediction of the digestibility of the diet of horses: evaluation of faecal indices

Data from in vivo digestibility trial with four to six horses fed twenty-seven forage-based diets are used to calculate prediction equations for the digestibility of dry and organic matter, based on the crude ash (CA), crude protein (CP) and crude fibre (CF) contents of diets and faeces. The most precise prediction of dry-matter digestibility (r.s.d. = 0.032, R²= 0.80) was derived from a multiple regression including faecal (CP, CF) and dietary parameters (CF). Among faecal parameters, CP was the best single predictor of both digestibility (r.s.d) = 0.040, r²= 0.63) and dietary CP content (r.s.d = 0.028, r²= 0.59). For biological reasons we propose a non-linear model that allows prediction of dry- and organic-matter digestibility from faecal CP Content with reasonable Precision (r.s.d = 0.038, 0.036, r²= 0.65, 0.74, respectively). This will be adequate for many studies, especially for free-living animals in rangelands.