低温胁迫下赤霉素对花生萌发特性的影响及转录组分析

低温冷害是吉林省花生全生育期的主要非生物胁迫灾害，生育后期如遇霜冻冷害，会严重影响花生的外观品质、籽仁品质和种子发芽能力。赤霉素是一种广泛存在于植物体中的一种植物激素，能够调节植物各种生长发育过程。本研究以高油酸花生品种吉花25为试验材料，在4℃条件下用赤霉素溶液(50 mg/L)低温浸种处理8 h,以水溶液低温浸种为对照(CK),28℃条件下发芽，统计24 h露白率、48～96 h的发芽率，计算72 h、96 h发芽指数和种子活力指数。对24～96 h的发芽种子进行取样，进行RNA-Seq转录组测序分析。结果表明：低温胁迫后，经赤霉素浸泡处理的花生种子24 h露白率显著高于CK,48～96 h的发芽率极显著高于CK,72 h、96 h的发芽指数和种子活力指数极显著高于CK。通过转录组测序分析可知，低温胁迫后，经赤霉素浸泡处理后的花生种子与CK相比分别有11 737、15 047、4 506、26 522个显著差异表达基因；GO功能注释将差异基因富集到50个功能组，KEGG代谢通路分析将持续差异表达的基因富集到138个代谢通路中，其中植物激素信号转导、氨基酸的生物合成、植物-病原菌互作...     

H2O2浸种对低温胁迫下花生种子萌发的调控作用

为了研究H2O2浸种对低温胁迫下花生种子萌发的调控作用，本研究以白沙1016和花育9122两个花生品 种为材料，通过种子萌发试验，设置（22±1）℃常温对照和（12±1）℃低温处理，首先采用不同浓度的H2O2进行浸种预 处理，分析了H2O2浸种对花生种子低温萌发相关指标的影响，筛选最适H2O2浸种浓度，然后采用最适H2O2浸种处 理后，测定其对发芽花生种子胚中氧化损伤和活性氧含量、脯氨酸代谢相关指标的影响。结果表明，低温显著降低 两个品种花生的相对发芽率、芽长/种长比、发芽指数及种子的活力指数，延长了平均露白时间，H2O2浸种预处理可 显著缓解低温对花生种子萌发的抑制，以1% H2O2浸种效果最好。同时，H2O2浸种预处理还显著降低了H2O2的积累 以及膜脂过氧化程度，促进了脯氨酸的积累，提高了脯氨酸合成酶鸟氨酸转移酶（OAT）和△1-吡咯琳-5-羧酸合成 酶（P5CS）活性，抑制了脯氨酸降解限速酶脯氨酸脱氢酶（ProDH）活性。表明H2O2浸种预处理可通过调控脯氨酸代 谢途径，促进低温条件下萌发花生种子内脯氨酸的积累，缓解氧化损伤，从而增强花生种子的低温萌发能力。     

花生萌发期对低温胁迫的生理生化响应机制

为探讨不同花生品种低温胁迫下的萌发差异成因,为花生耐低温种植及抗冷性研究提供理论依据,本研究以耐低温品种豫花22号和中间耐性品种漯花16号以及低温敏感型品种泉花6号、鲁花11号为材料,测定不同温度处理条件下萌发相关的生理指标.结果显示,与CK相比,低温处理显著降低了各花生品种的露白率、发芽率、相对发芽率,不同抗性品种存...     

早熟大豆发芽期和苗期耐寒性鉴定

对9个大豆品种的发芽和苗期的耐寒性进行了鉴定,在常温(25℃)和低温(10℃)胁迫下分别测定了种子发芽特性及幼苗素质的各项指标.以各性状低温与常温下测定值的比值(相对值)作为耐寒性评价指标..结果表明,在低温逆境下,苗比根对低温更敏感,耐寒品种的根和幼苗总干重未下降.通过聚类分析,解决了由于性状相对值差异微小而难以评价大豆耐寒性的问题,将品种分成了耐寒、中等耐寒和低温敏感3类.相关性分析表明,相对发芽率、相对幼苗全长、相对地上部苗高、相对地上部苗干重及相对根干重之间显著正相关,是较好的耐寒性评价指标.     

利用生理生化指标评价花生种质耐低温性（英文）

本研究的目的是评估低温条件下种子发芽率和幼苗期生理生化指标和植株恢复情况,以了解参试花生基因型对低温的反应。在中国2个省份(吉林和山东)随机抽取69个花生基因型给予2℃预处理后测定发芽率。根据种子发芽数据选取18个基因型用于苗期低温胁迫实验。播种前,用近红外反射光谱(NIRS)分析其种子蔗糖、总可溶性糖(TSS)、维生素E、芥酸、蛋白质、棕榈酸、油分、亚油酸和油酸含量。通过比较低温处理的幼苗和其对照,发现处理后所有基因型的脯氨酸、丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化物酶(POD)含量均增加,而叶绿素含量均减少。种子品质指标与幼苗生理生化胁迫指标之间无显著正相关。据观察,所有基因型幼苗在遭遇低温胁迫处理后都发生不同响应。本研究表明,基因型16C-4、16C-26、16LT-5、16LT-8、ZH1071、ZH1084、ZH1061、ZH1081和ZH1086耐低温胁迫。研究结果提示,花生对低温胁迫的反应随着植物生长阶段的不同而有所区别。     

玉米不同基因型对低温吸胀的响应及幼苗生长分析

以3类耐冷性不同的玉米组合为材料,在萌发期分别进行低温(6℃)和常温(25℃)24 h的浸种处理,测定吸胀时期的吸水速率、电导率、脱氢酶、α-淀粉酶活性以及发芽指标和苗期形态指标的变化,研究不同耐冷基因型对低温吸胀的反应及其对苗期生长的影响。结果表明,不耐冷型玉米的子粒吸胀迅速,造成种子吸胀损伤程度大,其电导率相应增大,脱氢酶活性较低,导致发芽率、发芽指数的降低;耐冷型吸胀缓慢,膜系统恢复的速度较快,上述指标的降低有很大程度的减轻;中耐冷型居中。相关分析表明,发芽率比率、根冠比比率均与电导率比率存在显著负相关关系,与种子脱氢酶比率呈显著或极显著正相关。说明膜的稳定性及脱氢酶活性的增强是耐冷性品种耐吸胀冷害的主要原因。     

自由空气中CO_2浓度和温度增高对水稻种子活力的影响

大气二氧化碳(CO_2)浓度和气温增高是全球气候变化的重要特征,本研究旨在揭示未来气候变化条件下生长的水稻,其种子活力是否受这两个重要环境因子的影响。利用稻田FACE(Free Air CO_2Enrichment)系统,以常规水稻武运粳23为供试材料,设置对照(Ambient,环境空气)、CO_2浓度增高(比Ambient高200μmol/mol)、温度增高(比Ambient高2℃)和CO_2浓度与温度同时增高四个处理,成熟期收获种子进行实验室标准发芽实验。结果表明,与对照相比,单独CO_2浓度增加使成熟种子浸种24h浸出液电导率平均增加16.5%,但使种子露白率、发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数分别下降7.8%、10.0%、17.4%和8.9%。相似地,单独温度增高或CO_2浓度和温度同时增高处理对上述参数影响的方向一致,但影响的幅度变小,多未达显著水平。与环境生长温度相比,高温环境下全生育期CO_2浓度升高使成熟种子浸种24h浸出液电导率、露白率、发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数的影响变小,表现在CO_2浓度与温度处理间存在一定程度的交互作用。种子发芽后芽和根系性状对高CO_2浓度或高温均无显著响应。以上结果说明,大气CO_2浓度增高200μmol/mol环境条件下,常规粳稻武运粳23成熟种子露白率、发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数等指标均明显下降,但在同时适度增温的生长环境下这种负面影响有减弱的趋势。     

种衣剂处理对低温胁迫下花生种子萌发及幼苗生长和生理特性的影响

花生播种期易受低温胁迫,为明确种衣剂处理对低温胁迫下花生种子萌发、幼苗生长和生理特性的影响,以常温(25℃)处理为对照(CK),设8℃和10℃两个低温胁迫处理,各温度下设种衣剂包衣和清水浸润对照两种处理方式,研究种衣剂处理对低温胁迫下花生种子活力、幼苗干物质积累、根系形态特征和光合生理的影响。结果表明,相对于常温处理,8℃低温胁迫处理显著降低了花生种子发芽势(5.9%)、发芽率(7.7%)、发芽指数(11.0%)、种子活力指数(6.9%)和幼苗叶片SPAD值(11.4%),同时对幼苗根系生长产生抑制作用,其根长、根表面积和根体积较25℃常温和10℃低温胁迫处理分别显著降低50.0%～50.2%、44.9%～48.1%、48.2%～48.5%,但8℃低温胁迫处理对花生幼苗地上部和地下部干物质积累、最大光化学效率及胞间二氧化碳浓度、气孔导度、净光合速率和蒸腾速率等光合参数均无显著影响;种衣剂处理显著提高了8℃低温胁迫下花生种子的发芽势(8.2%)、活力指数(10.9%)和花生幼苗根长(45.1%)及根表面积(38.4%),但对10℃低温胁迫和常温处理均无显著影响,同时,种衣剂处理还显著提高...     

杀菌剂对花生发芽期低温冷害的防控效果

低温常造成南方春花生烂种缺苗而减产,大籽花生减产尤为严重。为研究低温对花生种子的伤害,利用人工气候箱模拟低温环境,选用甲基硫菌灵、福美双、恶霉灵3种杀菌剂对花生种子进行拌种,分析杀菌剂对花生种子低温冷害的防控效果。结果表明:10℃低温对花生种子发芽造成严重影响,杀菌剂拌种后发芽率无明显改善。15℃低温下,杀菌剂拌种处理显著提高了花生发芽率,以恶霉灵拌种效果最好,发芽率提高41%~48.7%,至20℃以恶霉灵拌种效果更好。杀菌剂处理的花生种子的SOD活性高于对照;15℃低温处理,均以甲基硫菌灵拌种的CAT活性最高。甲基硫菌灵拌种处理,小籽花生MDA含量降低。说明杀菌剂拌种能增强低温冷害条件下花生种子的抗逆性,从而提高发芽率。     

丹东杂草稻种子的耐冻能力和低温发芽特性研究

为了解丹东杂草稻种子冬季在野外能存活的原因,将丹东杂草稻和对照品种越光的干种子在水中浸不同时间,后在-20℃下处理7 d,在25℃下发芽。对照品种越光在浸种1 h后冷冻处理,其种子的发芽率从98％降为4％,浸种时间延长到1.5 h已不能成苗,而丹东杂草稻种子在1 h浸种处理后,其发芽基本不受影响,甚至在3 h浸种处理后成苗率仍达2.3％。在不同低温下发芽试验中发现丹东杂草稻在11℃能发芽,杂草稻的发芽临界温度要比对照越光低。讨论了杂草稻种子抗冻的潜在价值。      

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族6个成员的染色体物理定位

MADS-box基因家族广泛分布于真核生物中,巴西橡胶树的MADS-box基因家族主要参与花形态建成,对生殖生长起到重要的调节作用。目前,MADS-box基因家族的26个相关基因已被克隆分析,但它们在染色体上的具体位置还未确定。本研究以巴西橡胶树‘热研7-33-97’品种为材料,将MADS-box基因家族的6个成员（HbAGL8、HbAG15、HbAGL30、HbTT16、HbAP1和HbSVP1）定位在细胞核染色体上,通过双探针荧光原位杂交技术（FISH）对巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族的这6个成员在细胞核染色体上进行物理定位分析。结果表明：MADS-box基因家族的6个基因分别位于不同的染色体上,其中HbAGL15、HbAG8、HbAG30和HbSVP1基因定位在第4、5、7和8号染色体长臂上,其信号位点到着丝粒的平均百分距离是11.85、39.71、48.94和6.70;HbTT16和HbAP1基因定位在第1和13号染色体短臂上,其信号位点到着丝粒的平均百分距离是22.19和18.01。本研究结果揭示了巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族的6个成员在细胞核染色体上的实际位置,展现家族基因之间的分布特点和连锁遗传关系,不仅丰富了橡胶树分子细胞遗传学信息,也为橡胶树的分子辅助育种和比较基因组学研究提供了分子细胞遗传学的科学理论依据。     

Comparison of two methods of PCNB application for control of Rhizoctonia infection of potatoes

A broadcast application of PCNB (Terraclor) resulted in a reasonably uniform distribution of the chemical in the soil with the concentration decreasing in a linear fashion with increasing depth in the soil profile. A banded application resuluted in a considerably higher chemical concentration at the 4–6 inch depth than at the 0–2 or the 2–4 inch depths. The problem of the lack of uniformity of chemical distribution could probably be solved by altering nozzle placement and size and allow use of the band method of application to minimize grower cost. More complete disking in the case of the broadcast treatment would probably result in a relatively uniform distribution of the chemical but at higher cost to the grower. PCNB application rates of 10, 15 and 25 lbs per acre broadcast and 71/2, 10 and 121/2 lbs per acre in a band significantly reduced the severity ofRhizoctonia infection of Russet Burbank potatoes but did not increase potato yields significantly.     

Prediction of the digestibility of the diet of horses: evaluation of faecal indices

Data from in vivo digestibility trial with four to six horses fed twenty-seven forage-based diets are used to calculate prediction equations for the digestibility of dry and organic matter, based on the crude ash (CA), crude protein (CP) and crude fibre (CF) contents of diets and faeces. The most precise prediction of dry-matter digestibility (r.s.d. = 0.032, R²= 0.80) was derived from a multiple regression including faecal (CP, CF) and dietary parameters (CF). Among faecal parameters, CP was the best single predictor of both digestibility (r.s.d) = 0.040, r²= 0.63) and dietary CP content (r.s.d = 0.028, r²= 0.59). For biological reasons we propose a non-linear model that allows prediction of dry- and organic-matter digestibility from faecal CP Content with reasonable Precision (r.s.d = 0.038, 0.036, r²= 0.65, 0.74, respectively). This will be adequate for many studies, especially for free-living animals in rangelands.