马铃薯高垄双行整薯覆膜栽培技术研究

在平肥地与坡地条件下对不同垄形、株穴距、密度马铃薯生长发育和产量表现进行了研究。研究结果表明,植株田间配置方式对马铃薯生长发育没有显著影响,可选择便于农事操作的配置方式。坡地比平肥地更适宜较高的种植密度。整薯做种薯栽培是马铃薯高产的关键措施,在平肥地上可提高块茎产量16%以上,坡地上提高20%以上。     

宁夏中南部地区马铃薯双垄全膜覆盖沟播栽培密度试验

宁夏中南部地区是宁夏主要的马铃薯种植基地,近年来该区由于马铃薯产业的不断发展和环境气候的逐渐改变,马铃薯双垄全膜覆盖沟播栽培已开始较大面积推广。因此,针对宁夏中南部地区不同土壤肥力及气候条件,不同地区选用当地的主栽品种(南部山区为‘陇薯3号’,中部干旱带为‘虎头’),布置了马铃薯不同种植密度试验。结果表明,宁夏中南部地区马铃薯双垄全膜覆盖种植密度的高低与其生育期、商品薯率及产量间均存在较大的关系。从马铃薯生育期、商品薯率和产量综合因素来看,宁夏南部山区和中部干旱带马铃薯适宜栽培的密度分别为3 500～4 000株/667 m2和2 000～2 500株/667 m2,通过函数拟合发现,宁夏南部山区马铃薯种植高产的密度为3 612株/667 m2,中部干旱带为2 564株/667 m2。     

不同种植方式对马铃薯生长及产量的影响

为筛选适合凉山州不同生态区适宜的大春马铃薯种植方式,采用先播种后起垄与先起垄后播种两种不同的种植方式多点试验。结果表明:凉山州大春马铃薯种植,宜采用先播种后起垄的种植方式,它比先起垄后播种的出苗早5.7d,生育期长4d,平均出苗率高13.31%,增产17.8%,商品率提高10.44个百分点。     

干旱半干旱区旱地黑色全膜马铃薯垄上微沟高产栽培技术规程

近几年,定西市安定区农业技术推广服务中心技术人员在普及推广黑色全膜双垄垄侧种植马铃薯技术的同时,积极研究探索旱地黑色全膜马铃薯垄上微沟高产栽培技术。该技术改弓型垄面为"M"型垄面,解决了大垄中间部位始终较干的问题,实现了降雨资源的最大化集纳保蓄和高效利用;改侧播为垄上脊播,增加了土壤熟土层厚度及薯块有效生长空间,使薯块生长均匀,有效提高了马铃薯商品薯率。     

江苏徐淮地区春播马铃薯品种(系)引进及比较试验

江苏徐淮地区马铃薯品种种植结构单一,品种退化严重,导致病害加剧、产量及品质下降,严重制约了当地马铃薯产业发展,引进并筛选适宜当地栽种的高产、优质、抗病马铃薯新品种迫在眉睫。对新选育的4个马铃薯品种(系)进行了连续2年的比较试验,以‘中薯3号’为对照,对参试品种(系)生育期、植株性状、丰产性和抗病性等进行调查分析。结果表明,‘中薯215’高产且稳产,生育期短,商品薯性高,晚疫病、早疫病抗性较强,适宜江苏徐淮地区推广种植;‘中薯148’产量较高,生育期较短,商品薯性较高,晚疫病抗性强,适宜江苏徐淮地区种植,但稳产性还需进一步验证。     

稻田粉垄冬种马铃薯试验

利用粉垄栽培技术在国内首次进行稻田粉垄冬种马铃薯试验,探索粉垄栽培技术对马铃薯的增产效应。以荷兰15为试验材料,进行在稻田粉垄栽培和传统栽培冬种对比试验,粉垄整地稻田耕层深度为20 cm、松土厚度达30 cm,分别比传统整地增加5 cm和10 cm。试验结果显示:与传统栽培方式(CK)相比,粉垄栽培的马铃薯株高增加33.03%,根系数量和长度分别增加37.56%、52.04%;产量增加25.05%,商品薯率增加3.7个百分点。表明粉垄栽培技术可以增加马铃薯的产量,并提高商品薯的比例。     

半干旱区不同种植模式对覆膜马铃薯产量及水分利用效率的影响

为了确定适合陇中干旱半干旱条件下马铃薯高产高效的种植模式,通过田间试验,以‘陇薯10号’为材料,在相同的施肥条件下,研究不同种植模式和种植密度对马铃薯生长的影响。结果表明,不同种植模式对马铃薯出苗率、SPAD(Soil and plant analyzer development,SPAD)值、冠层温度没有显著影响;在同一种植模式下,密度为5 000株/667m~2处理的叶面积指数(Leaf area index,LAI)、块茎数大于4 000株/667m~2处理,而水分利用效率、地上部和根鲜重以及盛花期、块茎膨大期和成熟期单株块茎重小于4 000株/667m~2处理;在同一密度不同种植模式的条件下,LAI、地上部和根鲜重、单株块茎重以及水分利用效率均随着垄宽的变宽和垄沟的变窄而变小;马铃薯块茎产量和商品薯率均是4 000株/667m2、50 cm垄宽和50 cm垄沟以及垄上微沟种植最高。综上所述,垄上微沟种植、4 000株/667m~2以及50 cm垄宽、50 cm垄沟是陇中干旱半干旱条件下马铃薯高产高效的最佳种植模式。     

江汉平原地区马铃薯冬春季适应性及丰产性鉴定试验

为筛选出适应在江汉平原地区种植的高产型品种,将近年来选育的6个马铃薯新品种在荆州进行生态适应性及丰产性鉴定,试验采用当地冬春季起垄覆双膜的方式种植马铃薯。试验结果表明,鄂马铃薯3号具有生育期较短、产量高及商品薯率高的特点,与其它品种相比生态适应性强、丰产性高,最适应在江汉平原地区种植。     

早熟菜用马铃薯栽培模式与产量产值的关系

为了探索出既高产、商品薯率又高的早熟鲜食菜用马铃薯的适宜栽培模式,特在甘谷县渭河川道高水肥、高产栽培区设置栽培模式与产量产值的关系试验。在株距均为0.3 m的条件下,比较不同垄距的单垄单行种植(0.7、0.6、0.5 m)与常规单垄(垄距0.93 m)双行种植对早熟鲜食菜用马铃薯的经济性状和产量产值的影响。结果表明:单垄单行栽培,可减少种薯用量,节约成本,商品薯率、单位面积产值均有不同程度提高,其中以垄距0.7 m模式增值明显。     

马铃薯种植方式的研究

马铃薯是建平县种植业结构调整中的优势作物，常年栽培面积都在1.5万hm^2左右，建平是辽宁省马铃薯生产第一大县。传统的低垄单行切块栽培方法，马铃薯产量低而不稳；采用高垄双行整薯栽培方式显著地提高了大薯率，降低了小薯率，从而提高了马铃薯产量。在山坡地通过加大种植密度，不仅可以提高马铃薯产量，而且有利于获得更多的适合做种的小整薯。     

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族6个成员的染色体物理定位

MADS-box基因家族广泛分布于真核生物中,巴西橡胶树的MADS-box基因家族主要参与花形态建成,对生殖生长起到重要的调节作用。目前,MADS-box基因家族的26个相关基因已被克隆分析,但它们在染色体上的具体位置还未确定。本研究以巴西橡胶树‘热研7-33-97’品种为材料,将MADS-box基因家族的6个成员（HbAGL8、HbAG15、HbAGL30、HbTT16、HbAP1和HbSVP1）定位在细胞核染色体上,通过双探针荧光原位杂交技术（FISH）对巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族的这6个成员在细胞核染色体上进行物理定位分析。结果表明：MADS-box基因家族的6个基因分别位于不同的染色体上,其中HbAGL15、HbAG8、HbAG30和HbSVP1基因定位在第4、5、7和8号染色体长臂上,其信号位点到着丝粒的平均百分距离是11.85、39.71、48.94和6.70;HbTT16和HbAP1基因定位在第1和13号染色体短臂上,其信号位点到着丝粒的平均百分距离是22.19和18.01。本研究结果揭示了巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族的6个成员在细胞核染色体上的实际位置,展现家族基因之间的分布特点和连锁遗传关系,不仅丰富了橡胶树分子细胞遗传学信息,也为橡胶树的分子辅助育种和比较基因组学研究提供了分子细胞遗传学的科学理论依据。     

Comparison of two methods of PCNB application for control of Rhizoctonia infection of potatoes

A broadcast application of PCNB (Terraclor) resulted in a reasonably uniform distribution of the chemical in the soil with the concentration decreasing in a linear fashion with increasing depth in the soil profile. A banded application resuluted in a considerably higher chemical concentration at the 4–6 inch depth than at the 0–2 or the 2–4 inch depths. The problem of the lack of uniformity of chemical distribution could probably be solved by altering nozzle placement and size and allow use of the band method of application to minimize grower cost. More complete disking in the case of the broadcast treatment would probably result in a relatively uniform distribution of the chemical but at higher cost to the grower. PCNB application rates of 10, 15 and 25 lbs per acre broadcast and 71/2, 10 and 121/2 lbs per acre in a band significantly reduced the severity ofRhizoctonia infection of Russet Burbank potatoes but did not increase potato yields significantly.     

Prediction of the digestibility of the diet of horses: evaluation of faecal indices

Data from in vivo digestibility trial with four to six horses fed twenty-seven forage-based diets are used to calculate prediction equations for the digestibility of dry and organic matter, based on the crude ash (CA), crude protein (CP) and crude fibre (CF) contents of diets and faeces. The most precise prediction of dry-matter digestibility (r.s.d. = 0.032, R²= 0.80) was derived from a multiple regression including faecal (CP, CF) and dietary parameters (CF). Among faecal parameters, CP was the best single predictor of both digestibility (r.s.d) = 0.040, r²= 0.63) and dietary CP content (r.s.d = 0.028, r²= 0.59). For biological reasons we propose a non-linear model that allows prediction of dry- and organic-matter digestibility from faecal CP Content with reasonable Precision (r.s.d = 0.038, 0.036, r²= 0.65, 0.74, respectively). This will be adequate for many studies, especially for free-living animals in rangelands.