福建林业职业技术学院

福建林业职业技术学院阳2003年2月经福建省人民政府批准设立的一所全日制公办普通高等院校，其前身为创建于1953年的国家级重点中专福建林业学校。     

福建芸香科观赏植物资源调查分析

通过对福建芸香科17个属43个种进行系统调查,结果表明福建芸香科植物单种属的所占比率较大,其他所占比例小。福建省芸香科植物大多都是小乔木、灌木,这决定了比较适宜用作一般的室内绿化、林丛等;而其在经济用途方面主要以药用和果木方面为主。     

福建对年桐的研究

福建对年桐是闽地优良的油桐早熟农家品种。本文就福建对年桐与全国几个主要地理种源的对年桐,从形态特征、生物学特性、生态习性及经济性状进行了比较分析,拟从学术上进一步论证和阐明对年桐作为三年桐的一个变种,所具有的共同性状及经济价值。     

福建森林资源现状和林业可持续发展建议

本文概述了福建森林资源发展所具备的基础；评述了制约福建森林资源良性发展和优势发挥的５个主要问题；提出福建林业可持续发展的５点建议：（１）把扩大森林资源放在首要位置；（２）重视林业的特殊地位，稳定投入，加大扶持；（３）提倡林工结合，优化结构，加强行业管理；（４）依靠科技进步，促进林业可持续发展；（５）加强领导，健全政策，增强全民林业可持续发展意识。     

BBP1201型移动式枝丫材剥皮机、BX6106型移动式枝丫材削片机通过鉴定

1982年12月16日～19日在福建省南平市召开了移动式枝丫材剥皮机和削片机鉴定会,会议由福建省科委主持,参加会议的有南京林产工业学院、林业部哈尔滨林机所、福建林学院、江西上饶木材公司、福建林科所、福建林机厂、福建林业设计院及南平造纸厂等26个单位共39名代表。移动式枝丫材剥皮机和削片机是1976年由福建省科委下达给南平市科委研制的,几年来市科委组织以大横农械厂为主,成立技术协作组,经过几轮样机的改进研制,基本上达到设计要求。其主要技     

不同种源地杉木良种选择与评价

为了给优质杉木资源的选择、培育和推广提供科学参考,以亚热带地区30年林分的183个杉木种源为研究对象,基于其生长量指标等基础数据,采用性状聚类分析法筛选出其中生长比较优良的地理种源和本地种源的木蕊,并进行年轮分析。结果表明:(1)筛选出生长比较优良的45个地理种源和2个本地种源。(2)通过对杉木不同生长发育阶段的方差F值进行比较可以得出,差异显著程度由大到小依次是中龄期、幼龄期、近熟期、成熟期。(3)结合年轮宽度均值比较分析4个年龄段现实增益,杉木幼龄阶段的增益明显小于后3个生长发育阶段的现实增益。在所列出的10个种源中,幼龄期的增益均值仅为9.64%,而中龄期、近熟期和成熟期的现实增益的均值则分别达到了65.59%、103.31%和96.30%。(4)比较4个年龄段年轮宽度均值,可合理地优选出后期速生型种源。其中福建三明、福建祟安、福建顺昌、福建建阳这4个产地的种源从幼龄期到成熟期属于全期速生型种源。广西融水四荣、湖南会同、贵州榕江、福建大田、福建永安5个产地的种源,在幼龄期增产能力表现优良,这5个种源和江西分宜与江西安福2个本地种源一样,都属于前期速生型种源。福建尤溪、贵州黎平、福建沙县、福建建瓯、广西三江、福建南平6个产地的种源,属于后期速生型种源。     

福建省短周期工业原料林发展战略研究

通过分析福建省发展短周期工业原料林所具备的有利条件,总结福建省短周期工业原料林的发展现状,存在问题及其制约因素,提出发展战略对策,为福建短周期工业原料林基地建设提供参考。     

对福建林业建设的调查与思考

福建林业人敢为天下先。福建林业人造就了中国林业第一支股票———永安林业。如今的福建林业人又在进行着怎样的创举呢?文章通过对福建林业的实地考察发现,福建省大力调整林业生产关系,着力消除制约林业发展的体制性、政策性障碍,林业建设发生了一系列可喜的变化,带动福建林业呈现出跨越式发展的良好态势。福建的林业改革卓有成效,福建的经验与做法十分值得借鉴。     

华东区林业科技信息委员会第二届第六次常委扩大会暨现代林业建设学术研讨会在安徽潜山召开

华东区林业科技信息委员会第二届第六次常委扩大会暨现代林业建设学术研讨会于2003年9月23～26日在安徽省潜山县召开。来自福建、江西、江苏、浙江、安徽、南京林业大学和浙江林学院等有关单位的60余名代表参加了会议。出席会议的还有中国林业科学研究院科技信息所副所长李卫东、中国林业科学研究院亚林所党委书记马力林、安徽省林业厅副厅长程鹏、潜山县委书记、县长和林业局的领导。 委员会主任傅懋毅致开幕词,中国林学会林业情报专业委员会秘书长张作芳致祝贺词,安徽省林业厅副厅长程鹏介绍了安徽省的林业建设情况。会上邀请了福建、江西…     

福建壳斗科经济植物资源调查研究

文章对福建壳斗科6个属60个种进行了系统分析。结果表明,福建壳斗科植物含11～20种的属和2～4种的属所占比率较大;以热带亚洲和北温带分布属类型为主,这与世界、中国、省内分布中分别以日本、朝鲜、越南、印度、广西、崇安的分布最多是一致的。福建壳斗科植物叶型以中型叶为主,叶质则以硬革质、革质为主,其花相似簇生花序为主,花色以白色系为主,花期多在春季,果期多在秋季,果色以褐色为主。福建省壳斗科植物主要为独赏树,这决定了其在园林绿化方面的作用,比较适宜用作一般的观赏、绿化和造林等。福建壳斗科植物有部分抗性树种,经济用途价值主要是以木材和淀粉类为主。     

Decomposition and nutrient loss from prunings of different contour hedgerow species in tea plantations in the sloping highlands of Sri Lanka

Contour hedgerows of multipurpose tree species in the sloping tea lands of Sri Lanka are expected to reduce soil erosion and also add significant amounts of plant nutrients to the soil via periodic prunings. The objective of this experiment was to characterize the biomass decomposition pattern and quantify the amount of nutrients added through prunings of six tree species (Calliandra calothyrsus, Senna spectabilis, Euphatorium innulifolium, Flemingia congesta, Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia) currently being used in hedgerows associated with tea. Withered leaf and stem prunings (50 g) were enclosed in 2-mm litter bags, placed at 5-cm depth and retrieved after one, three, six, nine and 12 weeks. Loss of initial dry weight, N, P and K was measured. Single exponential decay function adequately described both dry weight and nutrient loss. Tree species differed significantly in their rate of breakdown with decomposition constants (k) varying from 0.0299 to 0.2006 week⁻¹ for leaves and from 0.0225 to 0.0633 week⁻¹ for stems. Gliricidia showed the highest k for leaves with the rest in the following descending order: Senna > Tithonia ≥ Euphatorium > Calliandra > Flemingia. A similar pattern was observed for loss of all nutrients with Calliandra and Flemingia always having lower k values than the rest. Although N immobilization was not observed, immobilization of P and K was observed during the first week of incubation in some species, particularly in stem prunings. Annual biomass of prunings differed significantly between tree species in the following descending order: Calliandra > Senna > Flemingia > Tithonia > Gliricidia > Euphatorium. Calliandra added the greatest amount of nutrients annually to the soil with Euphatorium adding the least. Calliandra prunings provided the annual total K requirement and 49% of the N requirement of mature tea. However, none of the species provided more than 5% of the P requirement. It is concluded that among the tree species tested, Calliandra and Flemingia are the most suitable for contour hedgerows in tea plantations of this agroclimatic region because of their higher soil nutrient enrichment capacity and slower decomposition rates which would minimize leaching losses. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Effects of Seed Weight and Seed Type on Early Seedling Growth of Pinus sylvestris under Harsh and Optimal Conditions

The effects of seed weight and seed type on seedling growth of Pinus sylvestris (L.) were studied by seeding individually weighed orchard and stand seed in different mixtures under harsh (direct seeding in field) and optimal (seeding in nursery) conditions. In the nursery experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased the seedling height by 10-27% and total weight by 27-113%, and decreased the height/diameter ratio by 5-6% after 2 yrs. With elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 2% taller than stand seedlings in year 2. Without elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller. In the field experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased seedling height by 18-65%, stem volume by 81-274% and the number of top-buds by 23-34% in year 5. After elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller than stand seedlings and without elimination of seed weight effects 20-21% taller after 5 yrs. Even after elimination of both seed weight and genetic effects orchard seedlings were 3-9% larger than stand seedlings in the field experiment. In conclusion, the influence of seed weight and seed type on growth traits and slenderness is highly significant and the influence seems to be greater in harsh conditions.     

Modelling of adequate pretwist for obtaining straight timber

Abstract

Wood in general and wooden studs in particular are often distorted owing to uneven shrinkage during the drying process in the sawmill. Twist is often the most detrimental of all types of distortion, and it is caused by spiral grain in combination with variations in moisture content. For sawmills, the objective is to produce dried, straight boards, and one method of dealing with boards with excessive spiral grain is to sort them out and then dry them in a pretwisted position to obtain straight boards after drying. A model using the finite element (FE) method for the simulation of drying twist distortions was first calibrated against laboratory experiments in which boards were dried with and without restraints and pretwists. After the calibration, the FE results were compared with industrial test results for boards that were dried without restraints or with restraints with zero pretwist, i.e. straight restraints. The FE model used an elastic–ideally plastic material model to obtain permanent deformations. The calibration was to set the yield stresses so that there was a good match between FE results and results from the laboratory experiments. The comparison between the industrial test results and the FE results showed that the FE model is capable of realistic simulations of drying boards with and without restraints and presumably also pretwists.     

Potential to harness superior nutritional qualities of exotic baobabs if local adaptation can be conferred through grafting

Baobab leaves form an important part of the local diet in Sahel countries and elsewhere in Africa. Existing leaf nutritional data and agroforestry performance information are based solely on Adansonia digitata L., the baobab of continental Africa. The introduction potential of Adansonia species from the center of diversity in Madagascar and from Australia remains untapped. To assess this potential, the mineral contents and B₁ and B₂ vitamin levels of dried baobab leaves were determined for five-year old trees of A. digitata, A. gibbosa (A. Cunn.) Guymer ex D. Baum, A. rubrostipa Jum. & H. Perrier (syn. A. fony Baill.), A. perrieri Capuron and A. za Baill. grown in an introduction trial in Mali. Nutritional data were evaluated against survival and vigor to identify promising germplasm. Leaf vitamin and crude protein contents were highest in the Madagascar species, especially A. rubrostipa (B₁ 88 mg 100 g⁻¹, B₂ 187 mg 100 g⁻¹, protein 20.7% dry weight). However, the local species far outperformed the introductions in survival, tree height, basal diameter and resistance to termites. We suggest grafting as a way of harnessing the vigor of well-adapted local baobab varieties to the superior nutritional profiles of A. rubrostipa and others. Cross-species grafting tests in Adansonia were successful, thus creating new agroforestry possibilities with different scion/rootstock combinations.     

Biogeochemical impacts of clearfelling and reforestation on blanket-peatland streams: II. major ions and dissolved organic carbon

Streams and drains in blanket-peatland forest in western Ireland were sampled weekly over 5 years, 1996–2000, using continuous, depth-proportional passive sampling. Analysis was for pH, alkalinity by Gran titration, anions by IC, metals by ICP, aluminium speciation by loaded-resin exchange, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) by absorbance at 320 nm.

Effects of felling are identified graphically from two forest drains whose catchments (both about 1 ha) were clearfelled, and partial clearfelling of one larger catchment (somewhat over 1 km²), in summer 1999. Calcium concentrations and alkalinity were increased in the drain- and streamwater from the felled areas. The pH was increased in drains, while in the larger stream, pH range decreased while the mean increased. Phosphorus increased markedly with clearfell, in the absence of recent fertilising, and also increased with fertilising; these results are reported in an accompanying paper. Ammonium-nitrogen concentrations were increased in the two drains with felling, and temporarily decreased in the larger stream. Nitrate increased in some cases. Potassium and manganese concentrations also increased. Concentrations of DOC and organic monomeric aluminium increased gradually, subject to a continuing strong annual cycle. There were no clearfelling effects on concentrations of solphate, suspended solids or inorganic monomeric aluminium. In the two drains (fully clearfelled), concentrations of sodium, chloride and magnesium, and conductivity, were all reduced after felling. Fertilising effects other than for phosphorus were indistinct.

Effects of the combined clearfell–reforestation treatment were testable statistically, using randomised intervention analysis, between two larger streams (1 km²) as a treatment–control comparison. There were statistically significant positive responses in streamwater concentrations of nitrate, potassium, calcium, DOC and aluminium fractions. The implications for management practice depend on whether the loss of nutrients is sustainable for future crop productivity, and whether critical limits and loads of receiving ecosystems are exceeded.     

Effect of Drought on Growth and Mortality of Actively Growing Norway Spruce Container Seedlings Planted in Summer

Survival, root egress and height growth of 13-month-old actively growing Norway spruce ( Picea abies (L.) Karst.) container seedlings exposed to preplanting drying treatments (0, 4, and 8 days) and postplanting drought periods (1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks) were studied in the field between 5 July and 18 August 1999. The mortality of seedlings increased and the height growth and root egress decreased throughout the postplanting drought period. Postplanting performance was also affected by preplanting drying treatments. The results indicate that no risk of excessive mortality and growth restrictions occurs when actively growing seedlings are planted in summer, provided that seedlings are well watered before planting and the drought period does not exceed 3 weeks.     

Rehabilitation of diseased cacao fields in Peru through shade regulation and timing of biocontrol measures

The objective of this case study was to test the effectiveness of biocontrol for the rehabilitation of abandoned, diseased (moniliasis, witches' broom and black pod) cocoa and to develop testable hypotheses regarding the effect of shade and biocontrol timing. Three trial fields differed in their shade regimes. Biocontrol was administered starting either at flowering or pod filling. Disease incidence and yield were compared with cultural control alone. Biocontrol reduced moniliasis from 49% to 25%, independent of the shading regime and application time. Witches' broom was most severe without shade and unaffected by biocontrol. No significant effects on black pod were observed. Although biocontrol increased percentage healthy fruit independent of shading and timing, only the shaded plot with biocontrol from flowering onwards responded with increased yield. Our hypothesis is: 'In the rehabilitation of abandoned cacao, only fields under sustainable shade management and early onset of biocontrol can realise their production potential.' This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Growth of Phlebiopsis gigantea in wood of seven conifer species

Heterobasidion parviporum and Heterobasidion annosum are widely distributed root‐rot fungi that infect conifers throughout Europe. Infection of conifer stumps by spores of these pathogens can be controlled by treating fresh stumps with a competing non‐pathogenic fungus, Phlebiopsis gigantea. In this study, growth of three Latvian strains of P. gigantea and the biological control agent ‘Rotstop’ strain was evaluated in stem pieces of Norway spruce, Scots pine, lodgepole pine, Douglas‐fir, Weymouth pine, Siberian larch and Sitka spruce. The growth rates of one H. parviporum and one H. annosum isolate were also measured in the same stem pieces. The growth rate of P. gigantea varied greatly in wood of different conifer species. It was higher in the three pine species, lower in Norway spruce and lowest in Sitka spruce and Siberian larch, and in Douglas‐fir, this fungus did not grow. The largest area of wood occupied by P. gigantea was in lodgepole pine. Growth of Latvian isolates of P. gigantea in the wood of Pinus and Picea species was comparable to that of the Rotstop isolate. Consequently, stump treatment with local P. gigantea isolates should be recommended. However, our results suggest that Douglas‐fir stump treatment against Heterobasidion by P. gigantea may be ineffective and other stump treatment methods should be considered.     

Growth of Mixed Birch-Coniferous Stands in Relation to Pure Coniferous Stands at Similar Sites in South-eastern Norway

Mean age, mean and top heights and yield were studied in 20 mixed stands of birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth) and Picea abies (L.) Karst. and nine mixed stands of birch and Pinus sylvestris L. in south-eastern Norway. Each mixed stand and the adjacent pure coniferous stand (control) were growing under the same site conditions and had not been commercially thinned. There were no significant differences in mean age at breast height or in top heights between birch and conifers in the mixed stands, while mean height was significantly higher for birch than for spruce. A growth index was calculated based on total volume and age at breast height. For the spruce sites the growth in young mixed stands (birch < 17 m) was superior to that of pure spruce, while the difference was insignificant in older stands. The growth index correlated positively with the ratio between generatively and vegetatively regenerated birch trees, and negatively with the age of the oldest species in the mixture and with site quality. For the pine sites there was no significant difference in the growth index between mixed birch-pine and pure pine stands. A mixture effect of birch on the volume yield of spruce or pine could not be demonstrated.     

Defoliation by the Needle-shortening Pine Gall Midge,Thecodiplosis brachyntera,on Pines in Central Sweden

An outbreak of the needle-shortening pine gall midge, Thecodiplosis brachyntera , occurred on Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris (L.) and lodgepole pine, P. contorta (Dougl.) in central Sweden during 1995-1998. The larval feeding of T. brachyntera kills current-year needles and heavy infestation causes severe defoliation. A pattern of fluctuating defoliation among years and sites was found on both pine species. Defoliation was evenly distributed in the crown of P. sylvestris during years of high as well as low infestation; apical whorls had as much defoliation as basal whorls. In P. contorta , however, there was a tendency for defoliation to be concentrated on branches in the most apical whorls. Growth ring increments on P. sylvestris with high levels of defoliation (71%) did not differ from trees with moderate levels (26%) of defoliation. Shoot lengths were significantly shorter, however, on heavily infested trees the year after defoliation.