日光温室不同草莓品种的适应性比较

本试验对赛娃、甜查理、红颜、章姬和枥乙女5个草莓主栽品种在北京日光温室的营养生长、生殖生长以及抗病性等进行了比较研究。结果表明:红颜、章姬、枥乙女品种的植株生长势表现优良;章姬果实成熟最早;红颜、章姬和枥乙女品质偏甜,很适合中国人的口味。5个品种中,红颜的最大单果重最高,甜查理的果实硬度最大,而枥乙女的果实可溶性固形物最高。赛娃和甜查理不易感染白粉病;而枥乙女、红颜、章姬在栽培后期易感染白粉病,尤其枥乙女易染严重。总体上看,红颜、章姬和甜查理适应性较强,适宜北京地区日光温室栽培。     

草莓鲜果品质的比较

[目的]比较唐山地区草莓鲜果的品质,筛选出适合唐山地区种植推广的品种。[方法]以河北唐山主栽草莓品种唐莓1号、枥乙女、红颜、丰香鲜果为研究对象,对鲜果的重量、大小、色泽等外观性状以及可溶性固形物、维生素C、总糖、总酸等内含物进行测定分析。[结果]4个品种在果型指数和果肉色泽方面存在差异,在颜色上无明显差异。其中,唐莓1号的可溶性固形物、维生素C含量最高,且口感甜酸,营养丰富,优于其他品种。[结论]唐莓1号最适于在唐山地区推广种植。     

保护地栽培草莓新品种—唐莓1号

<正>河北省草莓种植面积迅速发展过程中出现了草莓品种单一、品质差、产量较低、抗性差等突出问题。基于目前草莓生产上存在的问题,唐山市农科院从2002年开始积极开展早熟优质草莓新品种选育工作,以满足市场对新品种的迫切需求。唐莓1号是以‘枥乙女’为母本、‘红颜’为父本的杂交后代中筛选出来的草莓新品种,经区域试验、生产示范,深受用户欢迎。1品种特征特性1.1植物学特征。植株长势中等,直立,平均株     

早熟优质草莓新品种‘唐莓1号’选育

草莓新品种‘唐莓1号’是以枥乙女为母本,红颜为父本杂交选育而成。果实圆锥形,果皮红色,有光泽,耐贮存;一二级单果重35.4g,最大单果重56.6g;果实风味甜酸,香味浓;早熟性和丰产性好,在河北日光温室种植,12月中旬成熟,适合华北和东北地区保护地栽培。     

基质栽培草莓品种比较及对产量品质影响

以 15 个草莓新品种为试材,通过调查其在江苏宿迁地区连栋钢架大棚内基质栽培的生长、开花、果实品质、产量及农药残留等性状,与主栽草莓品种红颜相比较,筛选出适宜基质栽培、满足生产观光采摘多品种需求的优良草莓品种。结果表明:草莓品种红颜、宁丰、隋珠植株长势较强;久香、容莓3号第一花序开花较早;宁玉、宁丰果型指数最大;宁玉、红颜、甜心单果重最大;久香、隋珠、久红与红颜果实可溶性固形物含量高;白雪公主、越心、久红可溶性糖含量最高,均大于红颜;容莓3号、容莓5号、桃熏、越心V_c含量最高,高于红颜;果实含酸量最低的为容莓3号、桃熏和宁玉,均低于红颜;宁玉和桃熏农药残留为0。试验结果表明,红颜仍是生产上比较优秀的主栽品种,为了丰富基地和采摘园区品种多样性,推荐宁玉、白雪公主、容莓3号和容莓5号作为搭配品种。     

日光温室草莓品种对比

[目的]选择适宜的草莓栽培品种,提高大棚栽培效益。[方法]比较6个草莓品种物候期、植株性状、果实性状、果实品质、产量、抗病性。[结果]唐莓1号口感香甜、细腻,香味浓郁,产量最高,为49 110.30 kg/hm~2,综合抗病性最好;九九果实VC含量最高,为0.97mg/g,栽培中需要适当稀植和精细管理;章姬综合抗病性较好,但果实较软,不耐贮运;丰香品种高感白粉病,栽培中应注意防治;甜查理比较早熟,童子一号较晚熟。[结论]在各供试品种中唐莓1号的各个指标均表现良好,优于其他品种。     

塔城地区设施草莓品种引进与筛选比较试验

以引进越心、章姬、香野、枥乙女、圣诞红、点雪、艳丽、京藏香、妙香7号、桃熏、红颜等11个草莓品种为试验对象,从物候期、成活率、植物学性状、果实特征、经济性状、抗病性上对11个草莓品种进行试验研究分析,筛选出适宜于当前第九师设施草莓栽培中较为理想的优质草莓品种。结果为：红颜99和圣诞红草莓品种成活率在90%以上,植株生长势强,整齐度好,果形好看、果实大、果肉鲜红、有光泽、果味酸甜可口、实心、髓心小、畸形果少,耐贮运性好,可作为为九师日光温室草莓种植的主栽品种。     

不同草莓品种生长特性及产量比较试验

为了明确不同草莓品种的生长特性及产量差异,采用随机区组法进行了试验研究。结果表明,在赛娃、红颜、佐贺清香、枥乙女4个供试品种中,以红颜单株结果数最多,平均单果重量和产量均最高。因此,在生产中建议选用红颜品种。     

草莓新品种引种比较试验

为丰富福建省草莓品种多样性,加快新品种引进推广,满足消费者需求,对国内外引进的15个草莓品种的物候期、农艺性状、果实外观和品质进行了观察及测定,并进行了比较研究。试验结果表明:3个新引进草莓品种‘紫莓1号’‘紫莓2号’和‘红宝’田间性状综合表现好,具有植株长势好、抗性强、采收期长、产量高等特点,其中‘紫莓1号’‘紫莓2号’硬度高、耐贮运,果实风味与对照‘法兰地’相当,较适合福建小拱棚半促成栽培和露地栽培中应用推广。     

黔东南州引种4个草莓新品种的表现

为黔东南州草莓种植品种选择提供依据,对引进的红玉、红颜、章姬、白雪公主4个草莓新品种的物候期、生长开花结果习性和果实品质、抗病性、产量等指标进行观测。结果表明:4个品种中,红玉草莓成熟期早、产量高、植株生长势强、品质和抗性等表现强于红颜、章姬、白雪公主,在黔东南州具有较好的推广潜力。     

穴盘规格和苗龄对塑料大棚菜豆性状及产量的影响

本试验以菜豆品种先行者为试材,采用32孔、50孔两种规格穴盘,设置10、15、20、25 d等4个苗龄段,通过研究不同穴盘规格和苗龄对菜豆性状及产量的影响,筛选出适合菜豆育苗的穴盘规格和适宜的苗龄。结果表明：穴盘育苗的营养面积增大,菜豆产量随之增加,25 d苗龄条件下,32孔穴盘的前期产量和总产量均显著高于50孔穴盘;随着苗龄的增长,菜豆的前期产量和总产量呈增加趋势,其中25 d苗龄的产量显著高于其他苗龄。综合上述各项指标,菜豆育苗阶段,10 d苗龄可选用32孔、50孔穴盘,15 d以上秧苗选用32孔穴盘为宜。     

不同基因型小麦苗期耐低氮性评价及筛选

氮素作为重要的营养元素,限制着小麦的生长发育和经济产量,筛选和培育耐低氮小麦品种是提高氮素利用率、降低生产成本的有效途径。以118份不同基因型小麦为材料,在低氮(0.1 mmol·L^-1)和正常氮(5 mmol·L^-1)条件下苗期水培,测定根干重、茎叶干重、根冠比、植株干重、最大根长、初生根数和二级初生根数等相关指标,采用模糊隶属函数法、主成分分析以及聚类分析法综合评价小麦品种的耐低氮性。结果表明,在低氮胁迫下小麦幼苗的根干重、根冠比和初生根数目显著提高,茎叶干重、植株干重和最大根长不同程度的降低,7个苗期性状指标在两个氮水平下均存在显著性差异。主成分分析提取3个主成分,贡献率分别为 43.575%、22.904%和17.873%,累积贡献率达 84.351%。以耐低氮性综合评价D值进行聚类分析,将118份小麦品种划分为强耐低氮型、耐低氮型、中间型、较敏感型和敏感型5类。筛选出3份耐低氮型小麦（齐大195、金丰7183和天民198）和2份强耐低氮型小麦（山农0917和鲁麦8号）。不同小麦品种的耐低氮机制不同,研究结果为小麦耐低氮品种的选育提供理论依据和材料基础。     

一串红N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe缺素症状研究

以‘展望红’为材料,研究N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe缺乏对其生长发育的影响,并总结缺素症状,研究结果表明:N缺乏时植株矮小,叶发黄;P缺乏时叶色暗绿,且影响开花;K缺乏时基部叶枯黄,并易落叶;缺Fe症状较为明显,但能正常开花;Ca、Mg未表现出缺素症状,且各项指标要优于全素处理;N、P显著影响一串红的生长发育,K对开花品质的影响较大。     

Segregation of form, color, movement, and depth: anatomy, physiology, and perception

Anatomical and physiological observations in monkeys indicate that the primate visual system consists of several separate and independent subdivisions that analyze different aspects of the same retinal image: cells in cortical visual areas 1 and 2 and higher visual areas are segregated into three interdigitating subdivisions that differ in their selectivity for color, stereopsis, movement, and orientation. The pathways selective for form and color seem to be derived mainly from the parvocellular geniculate subdivisions, the depth- and movement-selective components from the magnocellular. At lower levels, in the retina and in the geniculate, cells in these two subdivisions differ in their color selectivity, contrast sensitivity, temporal properties, and spatial resolution. These major differences in the properties of cells at lower levels in each of the subdivisions led to the prediction that different visual functions, such as color, depth, movement, and form perception, should exhibit corresponding differences. Human perceptual experiments are remarkably consistent with these predictions. Moreover, perceptual experiments can be designed to ask which subdivisions of the system are responsible for particular visual abilities, such as figure/ground discrimination or perception of depth from perspective or relative movement--functions that might be difficult to deduce from single-cell response properties.     

ICP-OES法同时测定果蔬中铅、砷、镉、铬、铜、锡含量

果蔬样品经混酸消化后,控制一定的酸度,定容后应用等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES)对果蔬中铅、砷、镉、铬、铜、锡六种有害重金属进行测定,研究了分析测定条件,方法简单快速。测定结果表明,五种元素的加标平均回收率在91.0%~107%之间。其RSD均小于3.5%。按该方法进行处理及测定铅、砷、镉、铬、铜、锡,在选择的测定条件下最低检出限分别为0.0006 mg/kg、0.0003 mg/kg、0.00003 mg/kg、0.00005 mg/kg、0.00003 mg/kg、0.0006 mg/kg。     

Space, stars, c60, and soot

Although carbon has been subjected to far more study than all other elements put together, the buckminsterfullerene hollow-cage structure, recently proposed to account for the exceptional stability of the C(60) cluster, has shed a totally new and revealing light on several important aspects of carbon's chemical and physical properties that were quite unsuspected and others that were not previously well understood. Most significant is the discovery that C(60) appears to form spontaneously, and this has particularly important implications for particle formation in combustion and in space as well as for the chemistry of polyaromatic compounds. The intriguing revelation that 12 pentagonal "defects" convert a planar hexagonal array of any size into a quasi-icosahedral cage explains why some intrinsically planar materials form quasi-crystalline particles, as appears to occur in the case of soot. Although the novel structural proposal has still to be unequivocally confirmed, this article pays particular attention to the way in which it provides convincing explanations of puzzling observations in several fields, so lending credence to the structure proposed for C(60).     

Strategic command, control, communications, and intelligence

Command, control, communications, and intelligence (C(3)l) for nuclear forces are essential elements in the deterrence of nuclear war. The present C(3)l) system has vulnerabilities associated with its reliability, survivability, and endurance under attack, thereby weakening deterrence by increasing the ambiguity in our capabilities. Development of a reliable and enduring C(3)l) system would reduce this ambiguity. Its reliable, positive control of nuclear forces would give the national leadership more time to assess situations, ensure discriminate retaliation, and improve our ability to manage crises in general. These capabilities could help to stop a war rapidly should one start. A reliable and enduring C(3)1) system will be needed for a long time to come, even if a freeze on strategic nuclear forces is accomplished or other arms control successes achieved. Indeed, C(3)l) may be the best source today of confidence-building measures to reduce tensions and the threat of nuclear catastrophe.