藏红花愈伤组织的诱导及植株再生

以藏红花(Crocus sativus L.)当年新生小球茎为材料,在MS+0.5 mg/L BA+1.0 mg/L NAA+7%CM(椰乳)培养基上进行初代培养,再转入MS+5 mg/L BA+5 mg/L NAA中进行愈伤组织的诱导,黑暗条件下继代1-2次,51 d就可以获得高诱导串的愈伤组织,愈伤诱导率可达65%.将愈伤组织转入分化培养基MS+5 mg/L BA+5 mg/L NAA中分化丛生芽,丛生芽诱导率高达95%,将丛生芽分成单个植株,最终形成完整再生植株.     

冰糖橙胚性愈伤组织的诱导与植株再生

以冰糖橙成熟果实中的未发育胚珠为外植体，培养诱导胚性愈伤组织并进行植株再生。结果表明：在不同的培养基和不同的培养条件下胚性愈伤组织和胚状体的发生频率不同；麦芽提取物和GA3有利于胚性愈伤组织的发生，暗培养有利于胚性愈伤组织的诱导；在MKBN(MT KT0．5mg／L BA0．5mg／L NAA0．1mg／L)培养养基上，胚状体的再生率达88．24％，以酸橙作砧木进行试管嫁接，嫁接成活率达88．89％。     

A Review on Regeneration in Cowpea （Vigna unguiculata L. Walp）

Vigna unguiculata L. Walp is a recalcitrant plant in terms of in vitro cell, tissue and organ differentiation, which makes it difficult to apply tissue-culture dependant approaches for obtaining stable genetic transformation in cowpea. Despite this, sporadic efforts have been made to develop regeneration systems in cowpea during the past 40 years. This review presents the considerable progress on cowpea regeneration （organogenesis and embryogenesis） and especially focuses on the regeneration mode of organogenesis, including highlights of the effect of genotypes, explants, medium and plant hormones used in tissue culture. The existing problems and the future research directions were also discussed.     

Effects of Exogenous Putrescine Application on Hormone Content of Citrus aurantium L. Seedling under Salt Stress

A pot experiment was conducted in lath house to study the response of six month-old seedlings of sour orange （Citrus aurantium L.） irrigated with salinity water （1, 2 or 4 ds/m） for four month. The seedling was sprayed with putrescine at 0, 150 or 300 mg/L concentrations for three times with month interval, for investigation the effects of putrrescine spraying on hormonal changes in sour orange seedlings under salt stress. One month after the last putrescine application, the leaves of the vegetative shoots were picked for endogenous plant hormone determination. The results indicate that increasing level of irrigation water salinity to 4 ds/m significantly increased ABA, Put and SA; whereas, decreasing IAA and GA in leave. Spraying vegetative canopy with putreseine at 300 mg/L increased 1AA, SA, ABA and Put, while decreased GA. It can be concluded that the adverse effects of high salinity irrigated water on endogenous plant hormone can be ameliorated, to some extent, by exogenous application of Put at 150 mg/L or 300 mg/L concentration.     

Identiifcation and Molecular Mapping of the RsDmR Locus Conferring Resistance to Downy Mildew at Seedling Stage in Radish （Raphanus sativus L.）

Downy mildew （DM）, caused by the fungus Peronospora parasitica, is a destructive disease of radish （Raphanus sativus L.） worldwide. Host resistance has been considered as an attractive and environmentally friendly approach to control the disease. However, the genetic mechanisms of resistance in radish to the pathogen remain unknown. To determine the inheritance of resistance to DM, F1, F2 and BC1F1 populations derived from reciprocal crosses between a resistant line NAU-dhp08 and a susceptible line NAU-qtbjq-06 were evaluated for their responses to DM at seedling stage. All F1 hybrid plants showed high resistance to DM and maternal effect was not detected. The segregation for resistant to susceptible individuals statistically iftted a 3：1 ratio in two F2 populations （F2（SR） and F2（RS））, and 1：1 ratio in two BC1F1 populations, indicating that resistance to DM at seedling stage in radish was controlled by a single dominant locus designated as RsDmR. A total of 1 972 primer pairs （1 036 SRAP, 628 RAPD, 126 RGA, 110 EST-SSR and 72 ISSR） were screened, and 36 were polymorphic between the resistant and susceptible bulks, and consequently used for genotyping individuals in the F2 population. Three markers （Em9/ga24370, NAUISSR826700 and Me7/em10400） linked to the RsDmR locus within a 10.0 cM distance were identiifed using bulked segregant analysis （BSA）. The SRAP marker Em9/ga24370 was the most tightly linked one with a distance of 2.3 cM to RsDmR. These markers tightly linked to the RsDmR locus would facilitate marker-assisted selection and resistance gene pyramiding in radish breeding programs.     

黄瓜子叶节再生体系优化研究

研究了TDZ和IBA浓度、苗态、外植体切割和接种方式及基因型对黄瓜子叶节再生体系建立的影响。结果表明,最佳芽诱导培养基为M S+0.005 m g/L TDZ+0.05 m g/L IBA;两片子叶脱离种壳且与下胚轴处于弯曲状态的子叶节再生频率最高;保留单片子叶、下胚轴纵切、切除此子叶的2/3且竖直插入为最佳切割和接种方式;农城3号为最佳基因型,每块外植体再生芽数可达1.89。     

Cu2+胁迫对家山黧豆幼苗POD活性及其同工酶的影响

[目的]研究Cu^2＋胁迫对家山黧豆幼苗过氧化物酶（POD）活性及其同工酶的影响,为提高家山黧豆的抗逆性和抗病性提供科学依据。[方法]通过不同浓度的Cu^2＋（50、100、150、200、250 mg/L）处理家山黧豆幼苗,考察不同浓度Cu^2＋胁迫对其POD活性及同工酶数量和种类的影响。[结果]在Cu^2＋胁迫下,各处理中家山黧豆幼苗根的POD活性均高于茎和叶,且各处理下的家山黧豆幼苗根、茎、叶中POD活性均高于对照（除250 mg/L）。不同浓度Cu^2＋胁迫下,家山黧豆幼苗根系同工酶的酶带数和活性变化较大,茎和叶片比较稳定。[结论]该研究为提高家山黧豆的抗逆、抗病性提供了科学依据。     

苹果矮化砧木P_(59)离体叶片高效再生体系的建立

对苹果矮化砧木P59离体叶片再生条件进行研究,结果表明:当选用苗龄20~30 d的试管苗,取顶部第2~4叶位幼嫩叶片,横切2刀,远轴面向下接触培养基,再生培养基为MS+TDZ 2.0 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L+白砂糖35 g/L+琼脂6.2 g/L,暗培养20 d时,再生效率可达到85%,出芽数平均8个以上,建立了良好的再生体系。     

榅桲离体培养繁殖的研究

利用榅桲茎尖进行继代培养,建立了榅桲的离体再生体系。结果表明,适合离体叶片愈伤组织诱导的培养基为1／2MS＋KT0．5mg／L＋2,4-D1．0mg／L＋蔗糖30．0g／L＋琼脂6．5g／L;适合愈伤组织分化不定芽的培养基为MS＋TDZ3．0mg,／L＋NAA0．3mg／L＋蔗糖30．0g／L＋琼脂6．5g／L;适合叶片再生不定芽的培养基为MS＋TDZ2．0mg／L＋NAA0．1mg／L＋蔗糖30．0g／L＋琼脂6．5g／L;适合榅桲茎段生根的培养基为1／2MS＋IAA0．3mg／L＋蔗糖30．0g／L＋琼脂6．5g／L。     

亚麻离体再生体系的建立及优化

[目的]对植物离体培养再生形态发生的两条途径进行研究,建立并优化亚麻离体再生体系。[方法]以10～15d不同基因型亚麻无菌苗的下胚轴为外植体,研究不同激素配比培养基对诱导影响。[结果]器官发生途径的初始愈伤组织诱导的培养基为MS＋4mg/LIAA＋2mg/LKT;诱导不定芽发生的最佳培养基为B5＋2.5mg/LKT＋1mg/LIAA;最佳生根诱导培养基为1/2B5＋0.3mg/LIBA,生根率达90%。以体胚发生为目的的最佳初始诱导培养基为MS＋2mg/L2,4-D＋0.5mg/L6-BA;体细胞胚胎诱导培养基为MS＋0.5mg/LNAA＋0.5mg/L6-BA。[结论]激素在亚麻离体再生体系中起着重要作用,在对亚麻体细胞胚胎发生研究中,只在H14体胚诱导中得到了球形胚和心形胚,对于亚麻体胚再生途径需要做进一步研究。     

变异焊菜组织培养及无性系建立的研究

以野生变异焊菜根上部的生长点为外植体,以附加不同浓度的BA、IAA、NAA、2,4-D、GA的MS、1/2MS或1/3MS为培养基,进行了芽伸长生长培养、芽分化培养和试管苗生根培养研究.结果表明:1/2 MS IAA 0.2 mg/L是促进变异焊菜培养芽伸长生长的理想培养基,MS BA 0.5 mg/L NAA 0.1 mg/L GA 0.5 mg/L是变异焊菜芽分化培养的理想培养基,1/3 MS IAA 0.5 mg/L是变异焊菜试管苗生根培养的理想培养基;变异焊菜试管苗移植后,有利的变异性状保持不变.     

不同基因型黄瓜离体再生及其影响因素的研究

以6个黄瓜(Cucumissativus L.)自交系为试验材料,研究不同的基因型、外植体类型和激素组合等因素对黄瓜离体植株再生的影响。结果表明,不同基因型黄瓜材料的再生能力差别较大;带柄子叶比下胚轴和不带柄子叶的再生率高,是比较理想的外植体材料;较低的6-BA/IAA配比促进黄瓜不定芽的分化;6-BA/IAA配比较高则适合再生芽的伸长;添加0.5mg/LAgNO3可以促进不定芽发生,5～6d苗龄的外植体分化再生频率较高;在供试的6个试验材料中,M8,M10的再生频率较强,分别达到96%和90%。高频率不定芽诱导分化培养基为:MS+IAA0.6mg/L+6-BA0.5mg/L+AgNO30.5mg/L;不定芽伸长的培养基为MS+IAA1.0mg/L+6-BA1.0mg/L+GA31.0mg/L+AgNO30.5mg/L;高效生根诱导培养基为MS+IAA0.2mg/L+NAA0.1mg/L。     

红叶乌桕茎段离体培养的研究

以带芽茎段、茎尖做外植体,建立了红叶乌桕的组织培养和再生体系。结果表明:①外植体用升汞分两次共处理8 min,污染率低;②启动培养以MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+2,4-D 0.05 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L为最佳配方;③接种后先进行暗培养1周,启动较快;④继代培养以MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+IBA 0.1 mg/L,其月增殖系数为6.17;⑤生根诱导以1/2MS+NAA 1.0 mg/L+IBA 0.1 mg/L效果最好,其生根率为87.6%;⑥生根苗移栽到珍珠岩∶蛭石∶河沙=3∶2∶1的育苗基质中,成活率为83.2%。     

卡瓦胡椒离体再生体系的建立

[目的]建立卡瓦胡椒(Piper methysticum)的离体再生体系。[方法]以卡瓦胡椒的带芽嫩茎和嫩叶作为外植体,通过在培养基中添加不同的激素组合,来筛选最佳再生培养基。[结果]卡瓦胡椒的丛芽诱导培养基为MS+4 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L GA3+0.65%琼脂+3%蔗糖+0.012 5%PVP,最佳芽伸长根生长培养基为1/2MS+5 nmol/L JA+0.65%琼脂+3%蔗糖。[结论]为卡瓦胡椒的工业化生产提供了理论指导。     

窄冠白杨组培快繁与再生体系的建立

 以窄冠白杨为试材,对其组培快繁与再生体系的建立进行了初步的研究。研究表明,抗氧化剂聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）和抗坏血酸（Vc）能有效降低外植体的褐化;该品种外植体增殖的最适培养基为1/2MS+BA0.3mg/L+NAA0.05mg/L,平均分化率为87%,增殖系数达7.5倍,与其它处理组合均呈极显著差异。硝普钠（SNP）12mg/L极显著地促进叶片不定芽分化,其再生频率与再生芽个数分别达到96.5%与8.2。窄冠白杨适宜的生根培养基为1/2MS+IBA0.3mg/L。     

三角梅组织培养外植体再生体系建立研究

以三角梅 (Bougainvilleaglabra)的带芽茎段、茎尖、叶片等营养器官为外植体进行组织培养 ,着重研究三角梅的最佳外植体类型 ,最佳培养基配方及植株再生的可能途径。研究表明 :①不同类型的外植体再生能力大小为 :茎段 >茎尖 >叶片 ;②初代培养最佳的诱导培养基为MS +6 -BA 1 0mg/L +IBA 0 5mg/L ;③继代培养丛芽增殖最佳培养基为MS +BA 2 0mg/L +IBA 0 1mg/L。     

葡萄砧木“1202”离体再生体系的建立

以葡萄砧木"1202"为试材,研究了不同外植体类型、不同植物生长调节剂浓度及配比、不同外植体放置方式等对其不定芽再生频率的影响。结果表明:叶片的再生效果最好,不定芽率达68.78%;葡萄砧木"1202"叶片不定芽再生的最适培养基为MS+TDZ 1.0 mg/L+IBA 0.01 mg/L+蔗糖30 g/L+琼脂5.5 g/L,pH 5.8;叶片最佳放置方式为远轴面接触培养基。将再生不定芽置于3/4 MS+IBA 0.35 mg/L培养基上诱导生根,生根率达80%。再生植株培养35～50 d后移栽炼苗,成活率可达90%。     

掺镍TiO2的微波合成及催化降解有机废水

以氯化镍和硫酸钛为原料,以十二烷基硫酸钠为表面活性剂,通过直接投料微波合成了掺镍二氧化钛(Ni2+TiO2).以催化降解甲基橙为模型来考察其可见光光催化活性,研究了Ni的掺杂量、热处理温度、双氧水投加量、溶液酸度及掺Ni2+TiO2光催化剂用量等因素对光催化性能的影响.结果表明,当Ni2+/TiO2复合物的直接投料摩尔比为0.8％,在500℃的温度下热处理2h,催化剂用量为1.0 g/L,H2O2投加量为3 mL/L,溶液pH 5的条件下,可见光催化效果最好,此时2 mg/L的甲基橙溶液经光催化降解40min后,降解率达到94.5％.     

Gamma Irradiation of Embryogenic Callus Cultures and In vitro Selection for Salt Tolerance in Sugarcane （Saccharum officinarum L.）

Radiation induced mutagenesis followed by in vitro selection was employed for salt tolerance in popular Indian sugarcane （Saccharum officinarum L.） cv. CoC-671. Embryogenic calli were gamma irradiated and exposed to different levels of NaCl （42.8, 85.6, 128.3, 171.1,213.9, 256.7, 299.5, or 342.2 mM）. The relative growth rate （RGR） decreased progressively with increasing salt stress and was the least with a salt stress of 256.7 mM （0.25±0.009）, almost 10 fold lesser than the control. The RGR was significantly lower in 85.6 mM and higher salt stressed calli than the control. The survival percent also decreased, with an increase in NaCl concentration. In case of 10 and 20 Gy irradiated calli, regeneration was observed up to 85.6 mM NaCl selection, medium, whereas, higher treatments （128.3 mM and beyond） exhibited browning initially. However, in the subsequent subcultures, regeneration was obtained in the case of 10 and 20 Gy irradiated calli on 128.3 and 171.1 mM NaCl selections. Higher dose of gamma irradiation （40 Gy） also showed regeneration, but only with 85.6 mM NaCI selection. The unirradiated calli regenerated the highest number of plantlets followed by 10 and 20 Gy irradiated calli on salt selection. A total of 147 plantlets were selected from different salt levels. The salt selected plants are being tested for their field performance.