鲢鱼骨蛋白水解物对肌原纤维蛋白凝胶特性的影响

为改善鲢鱼肌原纤维蛋白凝胶特性,利用中性蛋白酶制备鱼骨蛋白水解物,研究不同鱼骨蛋白水解物添加量对肌原纤维蛋白凝胶性质及抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明,随着鱼骨蛋白水解物添加量的增大,肌原纤维蛋白表面疏水性、总巯基和活性巯基含量增加。当鱼骨蛋白水解物添加量为4%时,肌原纤维蛋白凝胶具有较好的保水性和持油性,凝胶强度达到最高,具有致密的微观结构。添加量为4%鱼骨蛋白水解物-肌原纤维蛋白复合物清除DPPH自由基能力达到最高,清除率为88.4%。鱼骨蛋白水解物可用作改善水产制品品质的天然抗氧化剂和凝胶质地增强剂。     

7种添加剂对鱼糜凝胶强度和持水性的影响

以鳙鱼为原料,探讨转谷氨酰胺酶、大豆分离蛋白、谷朊粉、玉米淀粉、抗坏血酸、明胶和结冷胶7种添加剂对鱼糜凝胶强度和持水性的影响。结果表明,转谷氨酰胺酶、大豆分离蛋白、谷朊粉和玉米淀粉在本添加范围内均能提升鱼糜制品的凝胶强度;谷朊粉、玉米淀粉可提升鱼糜制品的持水性,降低其压出水分。     

几种添加物对蛋清蛋白热诱导不可逆凝胶性质的影响

以蛋清蛋白为原料,制备热诱导制取不可逆性凝胶,在单因素试验基础上,采用三因素二次正交旋转组合设计研究了三聚磷酸钠(X1)、瓜尔胶(X2)、酪蛋白酸钠(X3)对蛋清蛋白热诱导不可逆性凝胶性质的影响,建立了二次回归模型。结果表明,X12,X22在0.01水平上差异极显著,X32在0.05水平上差异显著;最佳配比为三聚磷酸钠质量分数0.100%,瓜尔胶质量分数0.100%,酪蛋白酸钠质量分数0.250%,此时蛋清蛋白凝胶强度预测值为550 g/cm2,实际值为542 g/cm2,二次正交旋转组合设计法可信度强,具有很好的预测意义。     

亲水胶体对未漂洗革胡子鲶鱼鱼糜凝胶特性的影响

为比较亲水胶体对未漂洗的革胡子鲶鱼鱼糜凝胶特性的影响,分别将0.2%结冷胶(GNG)、0.2%卡拉胶(CGN)、0.2%可得然胶(CDG)及0.2%瓜尔豆胶(GRG)添加于未漂洗的革胡子鲶鱼鱼糜中,并测定凝胶特性、白度值、持水力、动态流变学性质和水分迁移变化规律等指标。结果表明,4种亲水胶体的添加均可不同程度地提高革胡子鲶鱼鱼糜凝胶的持水性、白度值、储能模量G′和损耗模量G″,GNG、CGN和CDG的添加有利于促进革胡子鲶鱼鱼糜凝胶中不易流动水向结合水方向迁移(P21增加),其中CDG组的持水性(95.77%)、破断力(500.80 g)、破断距离(8.46 mm)和凝胶强度(4335.69 g·mm)均为各处理中最大值,而添加GNG和GRG却会降低革胡子鲶鱼鱼糜的凝胶强度。综上所述,添加0.2%CDG可显著提高革胡子鲶鱼鱼糜的凝胶特性。     

三种多酚类物质协同L-精氨酸对冷藏鸡肉糜氧化稳定性和品质的影响

为探讨苹果多酚（Apple polyphenols,Ap）、葡萄籽提取物（Grape seed extraction,GSE）和茶多酚（Tea polyphenols,Tp）分别协同L-精氨酸（L-arginine,L-Arg）对冷藏鸡肉糜氧化稳定性和品质特性的影响,在肉糜中添加5 g/kg L-Arg,再分别加入0.2 g/kg的Ap、GSE、Tp,以添加0.2 g/kg丁基羟基茴香醚（Butylated hydroxy anisole,BHA）作为阳性对照,分别在冷藏1、3、5、7 d时测定各组鸡肉糜硫代巴比妥酸（Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances,TBARS）值、总巯基含量、羰基含量、表面疏水性、pH、蒸煮损失率和色度值。结果表明,与空白（不添加多酚类物质、L-精氨酸及BHA）和BHA相比,L-Arg+Tp可以更好地抑制鸡肉糜的TBARS、羰基含量、pH和表面疏水性的升高,减缓总巯基含量和红度值的降低。L-Arg+Ap和L-Arg+GSE与BHA的抗氧化作用相近。综上所述,在冷藏过程中L-Arg协同3种多酚类物质均可以抑制鸡肉糜的脂肪和...     

磷酸盐对草鱼盐溶蛋白保水性及流变影响规律的研究

测定混合磷酸盐对盐溶蛋白的凝胶保水性影响及对其流变性进行研究，分析蛋白动态流变性质以及凝胶强度与保水性的相关性，建立凝胶热凝保水性和流变模型。结果表明，添加混合磷酸盐可以提高盐溶蛋白的保水性，添加不同配比的混合磷酸盐对盐溶蛋白凝胶的保水性和凝胶强度影响效果不同。     

不同添加物对鱼糜凝胶强度的影响

以自制鱼糜为原料,分析淀粉类、蛋白类、食用胶类添加物及TG酶对鱼糜凝胶强度的影响。结果表明,淀粉类原料的添加对鱼糜凝胶强度的增强效果最明显,随着添加量的增加,鱼糜凝胶强度也逐渐增加,其中木薯淀粉添加量为4%时得到的鱼糜凝胶强度最高;添加蛋白类原料和TG酶对鱼糜凝胶强度有一定增强效果,而添加黄原胶会导致鱼糜凝胶强度降低。     

TGase改善SPI起泡性及泡沫稳定性研究

以大豆分离蛋白(SPI)为原料,探讨转谷氨酰胺酶(TGase)对其起泡性及泡沫稳定性的影响,并对改性前后SPI的粒径、Zeta电位、游离巯基含量等理化性质与起泡性、泡沫稳定性之间的相关性进行分析。结果表明,TGase酶量40 U/g,pH值6.0,交联温度45℃,交联时间2 h为改善起泡性及泡沫稳定性的最优条件,此时起泡性和泡沫稳定性分别为52.65%,86.52%,较SPI原料分别提高46.66%,14.16%。粒径大小与起泡性和泡沫稳定性之间均存在显著正相关性(p0.01),Zeta电位绝对值大小与起泡性之间呈显著正相关(p0.01),游离巯基含量与起泡性之间呈显著负相关(p0.01),与泡沫稳定性之间呈负相关(p0.05),相关系数分别为0.752,0.623,0.672,-0.601,-0.475。     

水分胁迫下2种云杉属植物的水分生理特征

为研究沙地云杉(Picea mongolica)和青海云杉(Picea crassifolia)在干旱荒漠区适应性特征,筛选出适宜于干旱荒漠区理想的造林树种,以2种云杉属植物为试验材料,测定正常供水条件、中度土壤水分胁迫、重度土壤水分胁迫条件下2个树种的水分参数。在土壤水分胁迫条件下,2种云杉属植物自由水含量、组织含水量、叶片水势、相对含水量降低,而水分饱和亏、束缚水/自由水、束缚水增大,叶片持水力降低。随着季节的变化,2种云杉属植物各项水分参数受外界环境的影响呈规律性变化,组织含水率在7—9月变化差异不显著,束缚水/自由水、束缚水含量在7—9月呈增加后又下降的趋势;相对含水量呈递增趋势;水分饱和亏呈下降趋势;自由水含量呈下降后又增加的趋势。在水分胁迫初期,2种云杉各处理苗木持水力差异不显著,随着胁迫时间的延长,持水力差异增大,而且青海云杉持水力低于沙地云杉的。从2种云杉属植物各项水分参数分析,表明沙地云杉具有较强的抗逆水分生理特征。     

纳米硒对热应激虹鳟血清抗氧化指标和免疫指标的影响

为研究纳米硒对热应激下虹鳟血清抗氧化指标和免疫指标的影响,选取平均体质量约80 g的8月龄虹鳟600尾,随机分为3组,其中,对照组饲喂基础日粮,处理组分别饲喂添加了5,10 mg/kg纳米硒的日粮,在虹鳟适宜生长水温(18℃)条件下饲喂9 d在24℃(虹鳟产生热应激)下热应激48 h;分别在热应激前(18℃,0,3,6,9 d)和热应激(24℃,4,8,12,24,48 h)每组随机取10尾鱼,采集血清,测定抗氧化和免疫指标。结果发现,相比对照组添加纳米硒显著提高了血清总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)和球蛋白(GLB)含量;热应激下谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的含量降低,过氧化氢酶(CAT)和丙二醛(MDA)的含量升高,纳米硒提高了GSH-Px、SOD和CAT含量,降低了MDA含量;热应激使对照组血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白介素-1β(IL-1β)的含量逐渐升高,5 mg/kg纳米硒组在热应激4 h相比对照组TNF-α和IL-1β的含量显著提高,热应激12 h相比对照组IL-1β的含量显著降低;免疫球蛋白M(IgM)在热应激4 h含量下降,热应...     

冷冻干燥速溶蛋花汤的加工技术

介绍了运用冷冻干燥技术进行速溶蛋花汤的加工,研究了生产工艺、特点以及影响产品质量的主要因素。试验表明,采用冷冻干燥技术加工的速溶蛋花汤,具有营养丰富、风味独特、方便快捷等特点。     

壳聚糖对石榴果汁澄清效果的影响

利用壳聚糖的絮凝作用对壳聚糖在甜石榴汁澄清中的应用效果进行了研究,试验结果表明,壳聚糖用量为0.3g/L、澄清时间为60min、温度为35℃时,甜石榴汁透光率可达85%以上,且通过对壳聚糖处理前后可溶性固形物、总酸、VC等营养成分含量的比较,确定以上工艺参数为甜石榴汁澄清的最佳选择。     

母猪繁殖障碍成因分析

繁殖障碍是导致母猪淘汰的最主要因素,直接造成母猪非生产天数延长,繁殖猪群生产效率降低,严重影响猪场的经济效益。本文作者对引起母猪繁殖障碍的多方面因素,包括营养因素（如饲养水平、饲料品质、断奶日龄）、环境因素（如温度、湿度、通风、光照）、疫病因素、生产技术及管理因素进行了详细阐述。     

酸枣幼根原生质体的制备

以生长6~9 d的酸枣种子幼根为试验材料,0.7 mol·L^-1甘露醇作为渗透压稳定剂、pH值5.5~6.0、28℃恒温水浴条件下,以光学显微镜观察的水解总时间、初始产生原生质体的时间、原生质体产量及细胞碎片量为指标,研究通过酶水解来制备酸枣幼根原生质体的方法。结果表明,在含1%果胶酶+4%纤维素酶R-10+3%纤维素酶RS组合的酶解液中,保温4 h可制得产量较高、细胞碎片量较少的原生质体。     

The Simulation of Comfort of Nine DOF of Automobile

Automobile comfort dynamic simulation is necessary when we predict and evaluate the comfort of a automobile or optimize performance of automobile. The nine DOF vibration model of automobile is established , which acts root mean square value of body in multiple work conditions as comfort evaluation indices. Based on the comfort simulation, the Hongyan 1160 is predicted in the way of comfort. The programmes can be used in many different automobiles . The computational result indicates that the model can simulate vibration of automobile truly. It is significant to research automobile comfort evaluation to optimize performance of automobile and comfort simulation .The computational program can be applied to optimize or simulate which has some reference value.     

影响核桃贮藏品质因素的分析

介绍了几种核桃贮藏方法,综述了影响核桃贮藏品质的几个主要因素,以及针对上述影响因素提出若干解决对策.     

Measuring of Quantity of Matter-mass and the Measuring of Inertia of Matter-momentclm

A new definition of inertia,i.e. the momentum is the measuring of inertia of matter, is proposed. The article through and etc., subjects, the correctness of the new notion of inertia:The monentum is the measuring of inertia has been demonstrated, and the unsolved contradictions of the traditional definition of inetia. And the mass is the measuring of inertia has been revealed.     

Efficiency of water use of early plantings of sunflower

Rain fed crop production in Mediterranean environments depends to a large extent on strategies that avoid the intense summer drought. Early plantings of sunflower have given consistently higher yields in such environments, but the basis for such yield increases has not been explored. We conducted two field experiments at Cordoba (Spain) to investigate the effects of an early and a late planting date on the components of water-limited crop productivity; namely, water use (T), water use efficiency (TE) and harvest index (HI) of sunflower. The results were generalized by simulating rain fed sunflower yields, under early (1 January) and late (15 March) plantings, for a 25-year period with the aid of a simulation model of the Ceres type (OILCROP-SUN) which has been validated in Cordoba. Experimental seed yields of early plantings in 1989 and 1996 were 2.0 and 3.0 t ha⁻¹, while late plantings yields were 1.3 and 2.4 t ha⁻¹, for the 2 years. Average simulated yields were 2.7 ± 1.1 and 1.9 ± 0.7 t ha⁻¹ for early and late plantings, respectively. For the 2 years, T of early plantings was higher than that of late plantings, but the response of TE and HI to planting date was not the same in the two experiments. In the simulation exercise, T and TE of early plantings were consistently higher than those of late plantings, while there were no differences in the HI for the two planting dates. We conclude that early plantings of sunflower increase rain fed yields by increasing both T and TE, while the impact of planting date on HI very much depends on the crop water stress pattern, which is quite variable from year to year even in the predictable Mediterranean environment.     

南瓜降糖功能及其系列食品加工技术

阐述了南瓜在糖尿病辅助治疗方面的功能特性,介绍了南瓜降糖主要制品南瓜全粉、南瓜脆片、南瓜果酱和南瓜肉汁的工艺流程和操作要点。     

Establishment of High-frequency Regeneration System of Explants of Alfalfa

The cotyledon and hypocotyl of eight varieties of alfalfa( Medicago sativa L. )are used to study the effect of different cultivation procedures and genotypes on embryogenic callus and embryoid induction,plant development and transplant of alfalfa.The varieties of alfalfa with high embryoid induction rate and high differentiation rate are screened. A high frequency regeneration system for alfalfa tissue culture is established:which is benifical to the gene transformation of alfalfa.