水稻沈农606抗稻瘟病基因遗传分析及SRAP标记筛选

选用抗稻瘟病水稻品种沈农606为抗病亲本,以普感品种丽江新团黑谷为感病亲本配制杂交组合.对两亲本及其F2代单株进行苗期抗病鉴定,结果表明抗病亲本的抗性由核基因控制,受一对显性基因控制.根据F2代单株的抗病鉴定结果,采用BSA法,从110对SRAP引物中筛选出了4对在抗、感池间表现出多态性的引物,表明这些引物可能与沈农606的抗病基因连锁.利用这些标记对F2代112个感病单株进行扩增,根据扩增结果,采用Mapmaker 3.0软件计算遗传距离,结果显示,标记m5e1-500与抗病基因间的遗传距离最近,为2.8 cM.     

烟草CMV抗性鉴定及抗性基因的SSR标记研究

本研究以抗黄瓜花叶病毒病的烟草品种铁把子和台烟8号,感病品种NC82和中烟15为亲本,构建F1、F2、BC1代分离群体,并对它们进行CMV的接种鉴定和抗性遗传分析,结果表明铁把子和台烟8号对CMV的抗性是由1对隐性基因控制的.依据混合群体分组分析法(BSA),从F2代群体植株中选取DNA建立黄瓜花叶病毒病的抗病基因池和感病基因池,利用135对SSR引物进行分子标记和分析,得到标记SM1350与来源于铁把子的CMV抗性基因间的遗传距离为8.64 cM,标记SM2270与来源于台烟8号的CMV抗性基因间的遗传距离为3.92 cM.     

辣椒抗黄瓜花叶病毒病候选基因功能鉴定

黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV)为辣椒的主要病害,鉴定辣椒抗CMV基因并研究其抗性机理是辣椒抗CMV育种的理论基础。前期研究发现,CA02g19570和CA02g19600为辣椒抗CMV主效QTL (qCmr2.1)的候选基因,其中CA02g19570可能性更高。本研究以辣椒抗CMV材料PBC688和易感CMV材料G29为试验材料,采用qRT-PCR和VIGS技术验证候选基因CA02g19570和CA02g19600在辣椒抗CMV中的功能。结果表明,接种CMV后0～28 d的发病过程中,抗病材料PBC688和感病材料G29中的CA02g19570基因表达量均显著上调,且抗病材料中基因上调水平显著高于感病材料;而CA02g19600在抗、感材料中的基因表达模式无显著规律。在PBC688中沉默CA02g19570后,有6个(60%)植株在接种CMV后出现严重的系统花叶症状,CA02g19570的相对表达量显著下调;而沉默CA02g19600后,仅有2个(20%)植株出现轻微的花叶症状。本研究认为CA02g19570是辣椒2号染色体上的抗CMV主效QTL (qCmr2.1)的抗性基因。     

与大白菜抗霜霉病基因连锁的分子标记研究

【研究目的】 研究与大白菜抗霜霉病基因紧密连锁的DNA分子标记。【方法】利用高抗自交系‘660’和高感自交系‘654B’及其杂交F2群体162个单株为材料,采用构建抗、感病池,利用BSA法筛选了87对SSR引物,35对拟南芥抗霜霉病相关基因的特异引物,其中特异引物RPP13P2和RPP131-2R在抗感病亲本和抗感病池中扩增出一条多态性片段RPP13MK,利用这对引物对F2代单株构建的分享群体进行扩增,验证标记RPP13MK与目的基因的连锁关系,Mapmaker 3.0软件计算遗传距离。【结果】通过F2单株验证后证明RPP13MK与抗霜霉病基因紧密连锁,其遗传距离为5.6 cM。【结论】获得了一个与大白菜抗霜霉病基因紧密连锁的分子标记RPP13MK。     

烟草PVY抗性的遗传分析与分子标记筛选

本文以抗马铃薯Y病毒(简称PVY)的烟草品种RY5,感病品种Coker176为亲本,构建F1、正反交F2和正反交BC1群体,苗期摩擦接种PVY的抗性遗传分析结果表明,接种后第21d群体PVY抗性数据符合孟德尔单基因隐性质量性状的遗传模型。接种后第28d群体PVY抗性数据偏离孟德尔单基因隐性质量性状的遗传模型。提取F2代群体中抗病和感病单株DNA,从多条RAPD引物和一对SCAR引物中,筛选出两个紧密连锁的分子标记。RAPD标记O12V3695与RY5的抗病基因对应的显性等位基因位点(Va)间的遗传距离为2.10cM,而SCAR标记与Va间的遗传距离为2.52cM,这两个分子标记可用于抗PVY抗性育种。     

海岛棉抗黄萎病基因SSR标记研究

以高抗黄萎病的海岛棉品种Pima 90-53和高感黄萎病的陆地棉品种中棉所8号的182个F2单株为标记群体,在田间病圃中鉴定F2单株,并通过培养室人工接菌法鉴定F2:3家系,以进一步确定相应F2单株的抗病性,经χ2c适合性测验,抗病、感病植株比例符合3∶1。采用混合分组分析法(BSA)对768对SSR引物进行筛选,发现引物BNL2440和BNL3255在抗、感DNA池呈现多态性,其中BNL3255在抗、感DNA池之间扩增出一条大小为208bp的多态性片段,定名为BNL3255-208。以Mapmaker/Exp(Version3.0b)软件分析F2单株检测结果,BNL3255-208标记与棉花黄萎病抗性位点之间的遗传距离为13.7 cM。     

甘薯抗茎线虫病基因的遗传分析及SCAR标记

以甘薯抗茎线虫病品种徐781和感茎线虫病品种徐薯18的杂交F1分离群体的174株单株为材料,对甘薯抗茎线虫病基因的遗传进行了分析。结果表明,徐781的抗茎线虫病为单基因控制,推测其基因型为Rrrrrr,徐薯18的基因型为rrrrrr。采用BSA-RAPD相结合的方法,筛选940条随机引物,发现10条引物在抗、感池间表现多态性。用这10条引物检测两亲本及建池单株,发现只有引物OPP03在8株抗池单株中扩增出一条在8株感池单株中所没有的特异条带,认为该标记与甘薯抗茎线虫病基因连锁。根据该标记对F1代174个单株的扩增结果,利用Mapmaker3.0软件计算遗传距离,表明该标记与抗茎线虫病基因间的遗传距离为14.2cM。将该片断回收、克隆、测序,表明其长度为878bp,该标记命名为OPP03878。根据测序结果,设计1对特异引物,进行特异性扩增,成功地将OPP03878标记转化为SCAR标记,用亲本及分离群体验证表明该分子标记稳定性好。     

辣椒CMS恢复基因的遗传分析及基因定位

本研究以辣椒胞质雄性不育系131BC5A与恢复系139D-21-3为亲本,构建了包含210个单株的F2群体,采用CAPS、SSR及SCAR等分子标记技术,对辣椒胞质雄性不育恢复基因进行遗传分析和基因定位研究。田间调查和遗传分析结果表明,F2群体的表现型中可育与不育的分离比为3:1。采用分离群体分组分析法(BSA),从F2可育群体和不育群体中各随机选取10株,构建可育和不育基因池。研究选用295对引物在亲本间进行多态性筛选,其中43对引物在亲本间表现出多态。通过进一步分析43对引物在基因池间的多态性,筛选出Rf基因连锁标记14个。然后对F2群体的210个单株进行连锁分析,最后将恢复基因定位在SSR标记pep43和pep20之间,约3.9 c M(或498.6 kb)的区间内,与两个标记的遗传距离分别为1.3 c M与2.6 c M。本研究为Rf基因的精细定位和克隆奠定了良好基础,也为辣椒雄性不育恢复系的分子标记辅助选择育种提供了理论参考。     

南瓜抗CMV基因的RAPD分子标记筛选

以抗病自交系K01和感病自交系K02杂交后自交所得的F2群体为材料,采用分离群体分析法筛选与南瓜抗CMV基因连锁的RAPD分子标记。通过520个随机引物和310组双引物的RAPD扩增分析,共找到了2个与南瓜抗CMV亲本K01中的抗病基因相连锁的分子标记S4391400和S19 S345600。这2个标记与K01的抗病基因的重组率分别为7.5%和11.8%,遗传距离分别为7.1和11.7 cM。     

辣椒抗黄瓜花叶病毒病研究进展

黄瓜花叶病毒（CMV）病是影响辣椒生产的主要病害,是辣椒抗病育种的主攻目标。分子标记辅助选择育种可有效地克服传统育种的缺陷,加速育种进程。分子标记的开发依赖于基础研究,辣椒基因组数据的公布为辣椒抗CMV研究提供了一个新的契机。所以本研究就黄瓜花叶病毒的危害、辣椒抗源材料的筛选和抗性鉴定、抗性遗传规律分析及抗性基因定位等方面进行了总结归纳,为进一步辣椒抗CMV研究和分子标记辅助育种提供一定的理论参考。     

水稻两用核不育系龙S抗稻瘟病主效基因的定位

龙S是一个广谱抗稻瘟病的水稻两用核不育系,利用分子标记技术精细定位其主效抗性基因,对于培育抗稻瘟病水稻新品种具有重要意义。采用来自国内外的41个稻瘟病菌系通过接种鉴定方式对龙S进行了稻瘟病抗谱分析,结果显示龙S的抗性频率为100%,对其中39个菌系表现高水平抗性,与Pi9的携带品种75-1-127抗性频率和抗病级别基本相当。群体遗传分析表明龙S的抗性基因表现为显性遗传方式,对于不同菌系龙S表现出不同的抗病遗传模式,其中龙S对稻瘟菌系318-2的抗性由单基因控制。通过抗病亲本龙S与感病亲本日本晴构建F₂分离群体,采用BSA (bulk segregant analysis)及RCA (recessive class analysis)分析方法,将龙S的主效抗病基因精细定位于第9染色体上的SSR标记M1-M2所在的1.31 cM区间,与已克隆的广谱抗稻瘟病基因Pi5位于相邻的染色体区域。抗谱分析表明,龙S与Pi5、Pii单基因系的抗性频率差异明显,抗谱较后二者更广。龙S主效抗性基因的精细定位,为进一步揭示其与Pi5、Pii的等位关系以及通过分子标记辅助选择培育抗病水稻新品种奠定了基础。     

Characterization and molecular mapping of <Emphasis Type="Italic">RsrR</Emphasis>, a resistant gene to maize head smut

Maize head smut (MHS) caused by the fungi Sporisorium reilianum (Kühn) Landon and Fullerton (S. reilianum) is the most serious disease occurred in China recently. There are only a few reports concerning the genetics of this disease and the resistant gene of maize. In this paper a new dominant resistant gene to MHS caused by the pathogen Shenyang-1 of S. reilianum was discovered from a newly developed resistant inbred line ‘R24’ and was named RsrR. RsrR gene was molecular tagged and mapped on the long arm of maize chromosome 1 via simple sequence repeat-bulked segregant analysis (SSR-BSA) and sequence related amplified polymorphism (SRAP)-BSA analysis, the nearest linkage marker is 2.5 cM apart from the RsrR gene. The gene RsrR has been transferred into two elite maize inbred lines, ‘Huangzao4’ and ‘Qi319’, through traditional hybridization and marker assisted selection. The converted lines can be used in maize MHS-resistance breeding.     

Genetic analysis and identification of SSR marker linked to Phomopsis blight resistance in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)

The present investigation was carried out to decipher inheritance of resistance and to identify linked SSR markers for Phomopsis blight resistance in eggplant. An F₂ population comprising 161 plants was developed from the cross of Pusa Kranti and BR-40-7. Genetic analysis was carried out using Chi square test. Artificial inoculation of fruits was carried out using pin prick method, and scoring was done as per the standard scoring scale. The F₂ plants segregated into 92 susceptible (77—highly susceptible, 15—susceptible): 69 resistant (17—highly resistant, 27—resistant, 25—moderately resistant) suggesting complimentary epistasis with ratio of 9:7. To identify the putatively linked markers to resistance gene, parental polymorphic markers were subjected to bulk segregant analysis (BSA), and two markers (emk03O04 and emf11A03) could differentiate resistant and susceptible bulk and co-segregated with resistance gene. The genetic distance between the identified markers was found to be 18.12 cM using QTL IciMapping V3.2 software depicting two new QTLs on chromosome number 6. The identified QTLs have great significant importance in marker assisted breeding programme.     

Inheritance and molecular tagging of MYMIV resistance gene in blackgram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper)

Yellow Mosaic disease (YMD) is one of the most destructive diseases of blackgram (Vigna mungo) causing heavy yield losses every year. Mungbean Yellow Mosaic India Virus (MYMIV) is one of the YMD causing begomoviruses prevalent in the major blackgram growing area (northern and central part) of India. Inheritance of MYMIV resistance gene was studied in blackgram using F₁, F₂ and F_2:3 derived from cross DPU 88-31(resistant)× AKU 9904 (susceptible). The results of genetic analysis showed that a single dominant gene controls the MYMIV resistance in blackgram genotype DPU 88-31. The F₂ population from the same cross was also used to tag and map the MYMIV resistance gene using SSR markers. Out of 361 markers, 31 were found polymorphic between the parents. However, marker CEDG 180 was found to be linked with resistance gene following the bulked segregant analysis. This marker was mapped in the F₂ mapping population of 168 individuals at a map distance of 12.9 cm. The validation of this marker in nine resistant and seven susceptible genotypes has suggested its use in marker assisted breeding for developing MYMIV resistant genotypes in blackgram.     

Two genes and linked RAPD markers involved in resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Ciceris race 0 in chickpea

The inheritance of resistance to fusarium wilt race 0 of chickpea and linked random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were studied in two F₆:₇ recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations. These RILs were developed from the crosses CA2156 × JG62 (susceptible × resistant) and CA2139 × JG62 (resistant × resistant), and were sown in a field infected with fusarium wilt race 0 in Beja (Tunisia) over 2 years. A1:1 resistant to susceptible ratio was found in the RIL population from the CA2156 × JG62 cross, indicating that a single gene with two alleles controlled resistance. In the second RIL population (CA2139 × JG62) a 3:1 resistant to susceptible ratio indicated that two genes were present and that either gene was sufficient to confer resistance. Linkage analysis showed a RAPD marker, OPJ20600, linked to resistance in both RIL populations, which is present in the resistant parent JG62.     

Identification of microsatellite markers linked to the blast resistance gene <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pi-1(t)</Emphasis> in rice

The present work was conducted to identify microsatellite markers linked to the rice blast resistance gene Pi-1(t) for a marker-assisted selection program. Twenty-four primer pairs corresponding to 19 microsatellite loci were selected from the Gramene database (www. gramene.org) considering their relative proximity to Pi-1(t) gene in the current rice genetic map. Progenitors and DNA bulks of resistant and susceptible families from F₃ segregating populations of a cross between the near-isogenic lines C101LAC (resistant) and C101A51 (susceptible) were used to identify polymorphic microsatellite markers associated to this gene through bulked segregant analysis. Putative molecular markers linked to the blast resistance gene Pi-1(t) were then used on the whole progeny for linkage analysis. Additionally, the diagnostic potential of the microsatellite markers associated to the resistance gene was also evaluated on 17 rice varieties planted in Latin America by amplification of the specific resistant alleles for the gene in each genotype. Comparing with greenhouse phenotypic evaluations for blast resistance, the usefulness of the highly linked microsatellite markers to identify resistant rice genotypes was evaluated. As expected, the phenotypic segregation in the F₃ generation agreed to the expected segregation ratio for a single gene model. Of the 24 microsatellite sequences tested, six resulted polymorphic and linked to the gene. Two markers (RM1233*I and RM224) mapped in the same position (0.0 cM) with the Pi-1(t) gene. Other three markers corresponding to the same genetic locus were located at 18.5 cM above the resistance gene, while another marker was positioned at 23.8 cM below the gene. Microsatellite analysis on elite rice varieties with different genetic background showed that all known sources of blast resistance included in this study carry the specific Pi-1(t) allele. Results are discussed considering the potential utility of the microsatellite markers found, for MAS in rice breeding programs aiming at developing rice varieties with durable blast resistance based on a combination of resistance genes. Centro Internactional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT) institute where the research was carried out     

喀西茄抗病基因同源序列的分离与分析

本研究根据已知植物抗病基因的NBS-LRR保守结构域设计了1对简并引物,对野生茄子喀西茄(Solanum khasianum)中抗病基因的同源序列(resistance gene analogs,RGAs)进行克隆和分析.结果表明,所获得的11个抗病基因同源序列都是Non-TIR-NBS-LRR类抗病基因,聚类分析将其分为5个亚类.由其核酸序列推导的氨基酸序列与已知抗病基因(N、L6、M、Prf、Gpa2和RPM1)相应区域的相似性为21.7%～52.4%.BlastX分析发现,SkRGA4和SkRGA10与辣椒抗根结线虫基因有着很高的同源性,SkRGA3和SkRGA6与野生马铃薯的抗晚疫病基因有着很高的同源性.     

澳大利亚小麦品种Sunco抗条锈病性状的遗传分析

（1四川省农业科学院作物所,成都 610066;2University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Q 4350 Australia）     

小麦种质N9134抗白粉病基因的SSR标记和染色体初步定位

普通小麦种质N9134含有野生二粒小麦AS846的抗白粉病基因,该种质对陕西省关中地区白粉病流行小种关中四号表现高抗。用高感小麦白粉病的普通小麦品种陕160和陕优225与N9134杂交,F1代对白粉病表现高抗,F2代抗病和感病植株的比例符合3∶1, 表明N9134苗期白粉病抗性由1对完全显性基因控制,暂定名为PmAS846。采用66个小麦SSR