土壤微量元素含量及其影响因素的研究

论述了临沂市土壤中硼、锌、锰、铜、铁等5种主要微量元素的状况与其它因素的关系。有效硼含量0．09～3．67mg／kg，平均0．35mg／kg；有效锰22～572mg／kg，平均244mg／kg；有效锌0．15～4．02mg／kg，平均O．53mg／kg；有效铜0．09～5．78mg／kg，平均1．03mg／kg；有效铁3．2～162mg／kg，平均21．5mg／kg；有效锰2．0～131．4mg／kg，平均23．4mg／kg。不同土壤类型的以上5种微量元素有明显差异，其特征是砂姜黑土缺锌，棕壤、水稻土富含铁、铜、锰、锌；成土母质是影响土壤微黾元素的重要因素之一，发育在基性岩上的土壤一般含量较高，而由红土母质发育的土壤则含量较低。土壤有机质含量与土壤微量元素有明显正相关关系，其中速效锌、速效硼和速效铜与有机质的关系尤为显著。     

祁连山青海云杉林土壤有效微量元素含量特征

以建立在祁连山西水林区大野口流域的1 hm2青海云杉林样地为研究对象,采用剖面取样与室内分析相结合的方法,分析了土壤锌、锰、铜、铁、硼等有效微量元素的含量、密度大小和有效性指数、与有机质和p H值及速效磷之间的相关性。结果表明:(1)不同土层有效微量元素锌、锰、铜、铁、硼的平均含量大小顺序均为:铁锰铜硼锌,有效微量元素均具有明显的"表聚效应"。0~60 cm土层有效锌、锰、铜、铁、硼均值大小分别为:(0.52±0.27)mg kg-1、(6.26±1.76)mg kg-1、(2.44±0.98)mg kg-1、(94.69±25.48)mg kg-1、(2.19±0.70)mg kg-1。(2)0~60 cm土层中,锌、锰、铜、铁、硼密度大小分别为:(2.21±1.27)mg m-2、(26.24±7.64)mg m-2、(11.50±6.41)mg m-2、(447.78±178.04)mg m-2、(9.76±3.32)mg m-2,有效性指数大小为:铁硼铜锰锌,其中:铁、硼、铜有效性指数大于1,而锌、锰有效性指数小于1。(3)不同土层有机质与锌、锰、铜、铁、硼等均呈显著或极显著正相关,p H值与锌、锰、铜、铁、硼等均呈显著或极显著负相关,速效磷仅与硼呈极显著正相关,有机质和p H值均对有效微量元素含量具有重要影响。     

四川盆地土壤中微量元素的含量分布及其有效性的研究

四川盆地是一个古老的农业区,但其土壤中的微量元素,尚未曾作过专门研究。本文研究了四川盆地土壤中微量元素硼、锌、铜、锰、铁的含量分布状况和影响其有效性的某些因子。结果表明:各元素的总含量较高,但有效硼的含量很低,有效锌和锰的含量在多数土壤中亦较低,有效铜和铁的含量却较丰富。土壤中各微量元素的含量因土而异,其有效性受pH和有机质含量的影响,各有效态微量元素的含量均是pH<7的高,而pH>7则低,且与有机质含量呈显著正相关关系。水稻土中各有效态微量元素(除硼以外)的含量一般高于同母质发育的旱地。     

福建烟区土壤中量和微量营养元素含量状况的研究

福建烟区土壤中量和微量元素的平均含量交换性钙为519.33mg/kg,交换性镁为34.49mg/kg,有效硫为27.91mg/kg,有效铁为61.07mg/kg,有效锰为13.99mg/kg,有效铜为3.09mg/kg,有效锌为3.32mg/kg,有效硼为0.17mg/kg,水溶性氯为26.30mg/kg。福建烟区土壤交换性镁、有效硼含量不足,有效铁、锰含量丰富,有效铜、锌含量较适宜。     

冰糖橙果园土壤养分与果实品质关系的多元分析及优化方案

对湖南省74个冰糖橙果园土壤矿质养分和果实品质含量进行测定分析,运用R和LINGO软件多元统计分析筛选了影响果实品质因子的主要土壤养分因子,探明了果实品质最佳时的土壤养分优化方案。研究结果表明,调查果园中超过86.20%的样点果园土壤pH处于酸性至强酸性环境,65.52%的果园土壤缺钙,75.86%的果园缺镁,82.76%的果园缺硼。冰糖橙果实品质是多个土壤养分因子综合作用的结果,偏最小二乘回归分析表明对冰糖橙单果质量影响较大的因子为土壤碱解氮、交换性钙;果形指数主要受土壤有效磷、有效铜、有效锌和pH影响;可溶性固形物含量主要受有机质、有效铜、有效锌和pH影响;可滴定酸含量主要受土壤速效钾、有效硼和pH的影响;Vc含量主要受土壤有机质、有效磷、速效钾、交换性镁和pH的影响。线性规划求解出pH为5.50~6.50、有机质含量大于39.68 g/kg、碱解氮为169.17~170.41 mg/kg、有效磷34.50 mg/kg、速效钾158.95~160.88 mg/kg、交换性钙1954.69 mg/kg、交换性镁123.81 mg/kg、有效铁468.31 mg/kg、有效锰96.09 mg/kg、有效铜1.73 mg/kg、有效锌10.93 mg/kg、有效硼0.33~0.85 mg/kg时,冰糖橙果实品质最佳。调节土壤酸碱度,增施有机肥,及时补充钙、镁和硼肥是今后果实品质管理的关键。     

新疆灰枣园土壤养分与枣果矿质元素关系的多元分析

为了研究新疆灰枣园土壤养分与枣果矿质养分间的复杂关系,制定土壤养分因子的优 化方案,从而为新疆枣园的科学施肥与精准化管理提供参考依据和技术指导。对新疆 9 个灰枣 主产县市的 20 个枣园的枣果矿质元素含量和土壤养分含量进行测定,运用 R 语言和 SIMCA 多 元统计软件分析并筛选出影响枣果矿质养分的重要土壤养分因子,并利用 Lingo 软件建立线性 规划方程,探明枣果矿质养分最优时土壤养分因子的优化方案。结果表明,研究区的枣园土壤 皆为碱性土壤,各样点间土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷含量具有极显著性差异;各样点间土壤 速效钾含量具有显著性差异;各样点间土壤交换性钙、交换性镁、有效硫、有效硼、有效锌含 量具有极显著性差异;各样点间土壤有效铁、有效锰、有效铜含量具有显著性差异。枣果矿质 营养是土壤养分因子共同作用的结果。偏最小二乘回归分析结果表明,土壤养分影响枣果中的 氮、磷、钾、钙、镁、硫、硼、铁、锰、锌、铜含量最大的指标分别为土壤速效钾、有效硼、 碱解氮、有机质、有效硼、有效铁、有效硼、有效锰、有机质、pH 值、有效锌,同一土壤养 分指标影响着不同的果实矿质元素含量,且果实一种矿质元素受不同土壤养分影响皆不同,其 中土壤有机质和有效硼含量对果实矿质元素影响较大。新疆灰枣园土壤养分的最优方案为:当 灰枣园土壤 pH 值为 7.30 ～ 8.46,有机质为 23.24 ～ 59.73 g/kg,碱解氮大于 63.75 mg/kg,有效磷 为 92.40 ～ 164.67 mg/kg, 速 效 钾 为 223.25 ～ 372.47 mg/kg, 交 换 性 钙 为 437.00 ～ 1392.00 mg/kg, 交换性镁为 124.87 mg/kg,有效硫为 412.66 mg/kg,有效硼为 1.66 ～ 6.05 mg/kg,有效铁为 12.21 ～ 16.15 mg/kg,有效锰为 8.88 mg/kg,有效锌为 0.45 ～ 1.41 mg/kg,有效铜为 2.35 ～ 3.86 mg/kg 时,灰枣 果实的矿质元素含量最优。在对新疆灰枣枣园的施肥管理中,应注重水肥管理的科学性,适时增 施有机肥,调节土壤 pH 值,提高土壤中交换性钙、交换性镁、有效锰和有效锌含量,因地制宜, 选择科学的施肥配比。     

黄河流域主要梨园土壤养分丰缺状况分析

在国家梨产业技术体系黄河流域5个综合试验站224个主产区梨园,采集树冠滴水线下0~20 cm土样用于土壤理化性状的分析。结果表明:除泰安试验站有20.0%梨园土壤pH处于3.95~5.34外,其余4个试验站梨园土壤pH均在6.62~7.82;90%以上梨园土壤有机质含量低于20 g/kg,其中24.1%梨园有机质含量低于10 g/kg。62.1%梨园土壤碱解氮含量低于60 mg/kg,且绝大多数低于90 mg/kg;约18%梨园土壤有效磷含量低于15 mg/kg,而43.3%梨园高于40 mg/kg;17.4%梨园土壤有效钾含量低于100 mg/kg,但有41.1%梨园高于200 mg/kg:梨园土壤有效磷钾富集现象明显。梨园土壤交换性钙、镁含量均较高,平均值分别达3073 mg/kg和219.8 mg/kg。土壤微量元素含量表现为:75%梨园有效铁含量低于10 mg/kg,27%左右梨园有效锰含量低于7 mg/kg,29.2%梨园有效铜含量低于1 mg/kg,30%左右梨园有效锌含量低于1 mg/kg;有效硼含量在0.25~1.0 mg/kg及>1 mg/kg范围的梨园分别约占57.6%和27.2%。针对上述梨园土壤养分含量特征,建议黄河流域梨栽培中应加强有机肥或有机物料的投入,提高土壤有机质含量,适量施用磷钾肥,重视补充微量元素铁、锰、锌、硼等。     

陇中旱区农田土壤微量元素特征及其对绿肥休耕的响应

研究土壤微量元素对绿肥休耕的响应，为大面积区域农田土壤养分管理和农业生产提供参考。基于陇中旱区3年多点位监测数据，选择土壤有效铁、有效锰、有效铜、有效锌、有效钼和有效硼等6项指标，对比分析休耕种植绿肥前后土壤微量元素差异。结果表明：(1)与基础土壤相比，休耕3年后土壤有效锰、有效铜和有效锌含量分别显著增加18.8%,22.5%,14.3%(p<0.05);有效铁和有效硼含量均显著降低(p<0.05),有效钼无显著变化。(2)回归分析表明，有效铁、有效锰和有效铜的变化幅度与休耕前微量元素基础含量均呈负线性关系，而有效锌和有效钼均呈负对数关系(p<0.05),且对有效锰、有效铜、有效锌和有效钼的基础含量分别小于8.0,0.9,0.3,0.06 mg/kg的农田土壤有显著提高效果；有效铁、有效锰和有效铜变化幅度与休耕前土壤有机质和全氮基础养分含量之间均呈显著负线性关系(p<0.05);有效铁、有效锰、有效铜和有效锌变化幅度与休耕前土壤pH之间均呈显著正线性关系(p<0.05)。(3)进一步对休耕后土壤微量元素和常量元素相关分析表明，休耕后有效铁、有效锰和有效锌均...     

影响山核桃林地土壤生产性能的主要肥力因子及其临界区间

【目的】土壤养分是植物生存的必要条件,探讨山核桃(Carya cathayensis Sarg.)主产区林地土壤肥力因子及其对土壤生产性能的影响,为山核桃的栽植和可持续发展、土壤培肥提供科学依据。【方法】在浙江省山核桃主产区,随机选择58个典型乡镇的山核桃林采集土样,测定了pH、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、有效钙、有效镁、有效铁、有效锰、有效铜、有效锌、有效硼12个肥力因子水平,运用主成分分析和回归分析方法,分析了它们对山核桃生长、感病等级、产量等级的影响以及丰缺临界区间。【结果】主成分分析前5个因素(PC1、PC2、PC3、PC4、PC5)的累计贡献率达78.49%。PC1的主要荷载为土壤pH、有效钙和有效镁含量,PC2的主要荷载是微量元素和有效磷含量,PC3是有机质和碱解氮含量,PC4和PC5分别是有效硼和速效钾含量。林分生长性状中,生长势等级与pH、速效钾、有效钙、有效镁、有效铜、有效锌显著负相关(P <0.01),干腐病感病等级与pH、有效钙、有效镁显著负相关(P <0.01),产量等级与pH、有效钙、有效镁、有效磷、有效锌显著正相关(P <0.01)。回归模型分析得出,土壤pH、速效钾和有效钙、有效镁、有效铜、有效锌是当前栽培措施水平下影响山核桃生长的关键土壤肥力因子。综合评价后发现,研究区现有约57%的山核桃林地土壤综合肥力低于平均水平。【结论】对山核桃林地土壤生产性能影响最大的因素是土壤pH、有效钙和有效镁含量,其次是微量元素和有效磷含量,有机质、速效钾含量也有一定的影响。山核桃主产区的林地土壤关键指标丰缺范围:pH 5.19~5.70、速效钾87~129 mg/kg、有效钙817~1374 mg/kg、有效镁93~145 mg/kg、有效铜1.36~4.39 mg/kg、有效锌0.78~2.33 mg/kg。     

豫中植烟土壤有效态微量元素与pH和有机质的关系

为探明豫中植烟土壤p H和有机质对微量元素有效态含量的影响，在豫中许昌市的建安、禹州、襄城和漯河市的城区、临颍和舞阳6个植烟县(区)采集了191个典型烟田耕层(0～20 cm)土样，测定了微量元素(有效铜、铁、锰、锌、钼)含量、p H和有机质含量，采用Pearson相关分析法与曲线回归方法分析了有效态微量元素含量与pH、有机质之间的关系。结果表明，有效铜、铁、锰、锌和钼的平均含量分别为1.20、49.24、84.80、1.71和0.02mg/kg，有效锰总体上充足，有效钼整体极为缺乏，个别样点有效铜、铁和锌缺乏；p H平均为7.90，总体上偏高；有机质平均为17.78g/kg，总体上适宜；微量元素有效态与pH、有机质之间均存在二次函数关系，随p H升高，有效铜呈增加趋势，有效铁和锌呈先升后降趋势，有效锰和钼呈先降后升趋势；随有机质升高，有效铜、锰、锌和钼呈增加趋势，有效铁呈先升后降的趋势。     

长江中游农田土壤微量养分空间分布特征

为了更好地掌握长江中游土壤肥力状况,运用地统计学和Arc GIS技术相结合的方法,对湖北、湖南、江西三省41 943个土壤样品的微量养分(铁Fe、锰Mn、铜Cu、锌Zn、硼B)含量的分布特征和空间变异进行研究。结果表明,长江中游土壤有效态Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、B的平均含量分别为88.0、27.2、3.05、1.71、0.41 mg kg-1。空间分布特征表现为Fe、Mn均以江汉平原区较低,Zn以湖南省较低,Cu、B空间分布较为不均;与第二次土壤普查结果相比,土壤微量养分含量均有所提高,其中Fe、Mn、Cu含量为缺乏或严重缺乏的面积比例分别降至0.1%、2.2%和0.1%,而Zn和B分别为30.8%和17.7%。不同的土地利用类型、土壤类型和成土母质对土壤微量养分均有不同程度的影响。随着微量养分在农业生产中的贡献越来越突出,亟须根据土壤微量养分的分布特征进行分区管理。     

湖北省土壤微量元素含量分布研究

本项研究对湖北省14种主要成土母质及其发育的土壤,按土属布点,共取表层土壤样3346个,剖面样305个和岩石样40个,分别测定锌、铜、锰、硼、铁含量取得数据21,967项,查明全省土壤锌、铜、锰、硼、铁含量,全量分别平均为83、27、596、80、35000ppm,有效量分别平均为0.65、1.11、29.7、0.33、37.1ppm,低于缺乏临界值的耕地共2460万亩;研究得出本省近代河流冲积物发育的土壤大多缺锌;酸性结晶岩发育的土壤缺硼;褐色粘土发育的土壤缺锰,红、黄壤缺铜,石灰土缺铁等。综上,编绘出土壤有效性锌、硼、铜、锰、铁缺素分布图,指导粮、棉、油、果等作物的微肥应用,常年施用面积800余万亩,效益显著。     

甘肃省武威地区灌漠土微量元素的空间变异特征

用经典统计学与地统计学方法相结合,研究了甘肃省武威灌漠土耕层土样中B、Cu、Fe、Mn及Zn等5种微量元素有效含量的空间变异特征。结果表明:①99.17%土样缺乏有效Zn,93.33%的土样缺乏有效Fe。描述性统计所得变异系数在13.32%(有效Mn)~42.54%(有效B)之间。②球状模型和指数模型为土壤微量元素的最佳拟合模型,各元素的块金值、最大相关距及块金值与基台值之比C0/(C0+C)分别在0.001~0.429、192m~477m及0.126%~26.459%(有效B)之间。土壤微量元素含量的分形维数在1.804~1.947之间,土壤B的分形维数最低。③表征土壤微量元素空间变异的参数如变异系数、C0/(C0+C)及分形维数D之间均有一定的相关关系。④Kriging插值结果显示人为因素等表生作用对土壤有效B含量的空间分布影响较大,土壤Cu、Mn、Zn及Fe含量的空间分布则主要由成土母质与地形所决定。     

Amounts and forms of micronutrient cations in a group of loessial grassland soils of New Zealand

The status of micronutrient cations Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and Co was examined in a group of soils from beneath undisturbed grassland sites. The soils were selected such that factors of soil formation besides loess accumulation and rainfall remained relatively constant. In a previous study these two factors were found to have a large effect on the K status of the soils, but results from this study showed that there had been little effect on micronutrient content. With decreasing loess accumulation the total and HCl- and EDTA-extractable micronutrient content of soils tended to decrease, but rainfall had no consistent effect. Extractable levels of Cu and Co in A horizons tended to decrease from high to potentially deficient values with decreasing loess accumulation.HCl- and EDTA-extractable Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu were clearly higher in A than B horizons although total contents tended to be lower in A horizons. A chemical fractionation procedure demonstrated that there were greater quantities of pyrophosphate- and oxalate-extractable Zn and Cu and acetic acid-extractable Zn in the A than B horizons.With the exception of HCl-extractable Cu, extractable micronutrients were significantly correlated with the organic matter content of the HCl or EDTA extracts. There were no significant correlations between extractable micronutrients and soil pH or oxalate-extractable Al or Fe.Acetic acid-extractable Co was not significantly correlated with any measured soil property. It is concluded that the cycling of nutrients and the build-up of organic matter, which characteristically occur under grassland conditions in New Zealand, were the major factors influencing the micronutrient status of the soils.     

Micronutrients distribution in salt-affected soils of the Punjab in relation to soil properties

Salt-affected soils in arid and semi-arid tracts of the Indian Punjab are prone to deficiency of micronutrients. Nine profiles from alluvial terraces, sand dunes and palaeochannels in the southwestern Punjab were investigated for total and diethylenetriamine-penta-acetic acid (DTPA) extractable Zn, Cu, Mn and Fe. Soil physiography exerted significant influence on the spatial distribution of micronutrients. Total contents varied from 20–78 for Zn, 8–32 for Cu, and 88–466 mg kg^?1 for Mn and 0.82–2.53% for Fe. DTPA-extractable contents varied from 0.10–0.98 for Zn, 0.14–1.02 for Cu, 0.54–13.02 for Fe and 0.82–9.4 mg kg^?1 for Mn. Total contents were higher in fine-textured soil than in coarse-textured soils. Concentration of micronutrients in the surface layer was low and there occurred more accumulation in the Cambic horizon. Organic carbon, pH, clay, silt and calcium carbonate exerted strong influence on the distribution of micronutrients. DTPA extractable Zn, Cu, Mn and Fe increased with increasing organic carbon but decreased with increase in pH and calcium carbonate content. Total micronutrient contents increased with increase in clay, silt and calcium carbonate contents and decreased with increase in sand content.     

稻草与生石灰对设施土壤微量元素含量和番茄产量的影响

为了探究设施内添加稻草与生石灰对土壤微量元素含量和番茄产量的影响,以长期施肥定位试验为依托,比较了施用鸡粪(M)的基础上,添加稻草(MR)、生石灰(MCa)、稻草与生石灰同时添加(MRCa)各处理全土及各粒级团聚体中有效态Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn含量和番茄产量的变化。结果表明:(1)添加稻草可增加土壤中有效态Fe、Mn、Zn含量,MR处理较M处理分别增加3.2%,80.9%,15.1%,对有效态Cu含量无显著影响;添加生石灰也可增加土壤中微量元素含量,其中Mn含量增加显著。土壤中有效态Fe、Mn、Cn、Zn含量与pH呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),与有机质含量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。(2)随着土壤团聚体粒级的减小,有效态微量元素含量呈下降趋势。添加稻草和生石灰可增加1~0.25mm粒级中有效态Mn含量,MRCa处理较其他处理增加6.6%~46.6%;添加稻草可增加<0.25mm粒级中有效态Zn含量。土壤中有效态Fe含量与<1mm粒级中含量呈显著正相关(P<0.01);土壤中有效态Mn、Zn含量分别与各粒级中含量呈显著正相关(P<0.01);土壤中有效态Cu含量与1~0.25mm粒级中含量呈显著正相关(P<0.01)。(3)施入稻草或生石灰可增加番茄产量,且稻草和生石灰同时施入产量最高,MRCa处理较MCa、MR处理分别增加12.6%,33.8%。土壤有效态Fe、Cu含量与产量正相关,其中有效态Fe含量对产量具有直接作用,决策系数最高,土壤有效态Cu含量对产量具有间接作用。因此,可以通过长期添加稻草和适量生石灰缓解设施土壤微量元素短缺的现状,且可获得最高作物产量,为设施内土壤可持续利用和设施农业可持续发展提供保障。     

太湖地区不同土壤-森林生态系统中林木生长对微量元素的反应及反馈效应

Vector analysis technique and ecological sequential comparison methods were adopted to study tree growth response to the micronutrients,B,Mo,Cu,Zn,Fe,and Mn,in soils derived from various parent materials in the forest area of Tailhu Lake region in southeast China,The results showed that the dry weight of individual current-year needle of Chinese fir(Cunninghamia lanceolata) grown on the soil derived from granite parent rock was increased by 8% and 13% in comparison with that grown on the soils derived from sandstone and ash-tuff parent rock,respectively.And such dry weight of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) grown on the soil derived from sandstone parent rock was increased by 21% in comparison with that on the soil derived from ash-tuff parent rock.One of the reasons for those results was that micronutrients content in the soil derived from ash-tuff parent rock were not sufficient to meet the requirement of the growth of Chinese fir and loblolly pine ,i.e.,micronutrients in soil were deficient and/or induced defiient.The amounts of Cu,Zn,Fe,and Mn uptake by Chinses fir and loblolly pine were in agreement with the contents of available micronutrients in soil respectively,except for B and Mo.Meanwhile,there might exist and “antagonism“ between the uptake of B versus Mo by trees,although more studies are needed to confirm it .Regression analysis indicated that amount of a soil available micronutrient was correlated to the type of parent material and its total amount in the forest floor, except for B.The F test identified that the correlation of each equation reached the significant level to different extents,respectively,The t test confirmed that amount of available forms was mainly depended on the type of parent material for Mo,Cu,Zn and Mn but on the forest floor for ,Fe,There was a feedback effect of forest stand on the amount of soil available micronutrients.The ability of accumulating available micronutrients in soil was better by the sawtooth oak(Quercus acutissima) stand than by the Chinese fir stand (except for B).The ability of accumulating available Zn,Fe,Mn and Mo in soil was better by the Chinese fir stand than by the loblolly pine stand ,while as for available B and Cu,by the latter was better than by the former,When discussing the efect of forest stand on the amount of soil available micronutrients,not only the amount of micronutrient in the forest floor and the parent materials but also the amount of micronutrient taken up by current-year needles have to be considered.     

三工河流域绿洲土壤微量元素有效含量特征分析

土壤微量元素的含量与分布特征是反映特定地区环境状况的一个重要因素,对土地资源的合理开发和利用具有重要意义.本研究以天山北坡三工河流域冲积平原型绿洲为研究区,选择盐土、潮土和灰漠土3种土壤类型,分析其B、Mn、Zn、Fe、Cu等微量元素的有效含量特征.结果表明:⑴以"全国农业系统的土壤速效微量元素丰缺指标"为标准,土壤有效Mn含量属于极低水平,有效Zn和Fe含量属于中等水平,有效Cu属于丰富水平,有效B属于极富水平;⑵三工河流域绿洲土壤中有效Mn、Zn、Fe、Cu含量与土壤pH呈负相关关系;土壤有机质对有效Fe、Cu含量影响很大;有机质和Mn的关系不明显,这和湿润地区研究结果存在显著差异;⑶不同的土壤类型对于土壤有效B、Zn和Fe的含量影响显著;潮土中微量元素的有效含量与盐土、灰漠土中含量相比有显著差异.     

Effects of solid phase from pig slurry on iron,copper, zinc,and manganese content of soil and wheat plants

A two‐year lysimeter experiment was conducted using winter wheat plants on two texturally contrasting soils (soil A and soil B). The main objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of increasing doses (5, 10, 15, 20, and 251 ha^‐1) of solid phase from pig slurry (SP) on soil extractable copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn) and on wheat micronutrients composition and uptake. As the control, a basic dressing of NPK fertilizer was applied. Results showed that increasing additions of SP significantly enhanced extractable Cu, Zn, Fe, and Mn content on the topsoil for both soils tested. In addition, a significant increase was detected for extractable Cu, Zn, and Mn content with increasing application rates of SP for subsoil A, but no significant differences were detected for subsoil B. A significant increase in the contents of Fe, Mn, and Zn in the plants as well as total uptakes were observed from increasing doses of SP. Copper content in the plants was not significantly affected. Finally, a strong pH effect was exerted in the Mn and Zn uptake by the plants.     

Spatial variability and evaluation of status of micronutrients in selected soils around Taihu Lake, China

Background, aim, and scope  Soil micronutrients are essential for plant growth and human health. Spatial variability and evaluation of soil micronutrient status are the research hotspot. The plain of northern Zhejiang Province, around Taihu Lake, China, is a key agriculture production area. With the rapid development of agriculture in Zhejiang Province, the management of soil micronutrients is of increasing concern to sustain crop productivity and human health. Soil-available micronutrients in the study region have not previously been studied in detail. Primary objective of this research was to examine the spatial distribution and evaluation of soil-available micronutrients in the arable land in this agriculturally important region using geostatistics. The controlling factors for the spatial variability of available micronutrients were interpreted. The research findings attained in the present study are of fundamental significance in providing a guideline for precise agriculture management practice and sustaining food security. Materials and methods  Amounts of available Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, B and Mo in 1893 soil samples taken from the arable land in nine counties in northern Zhejiang Province, around Taihu Lake, were measured and their spatial distribution patterns were investigated. Available Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn were extracted with DTPA and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectroscopy. Available B was extracted with boiled water, then determined by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy. Available Mo was extracted with Tamm reagent and was then determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Geostatistics was conducted for the data processing. Results  More than 50% of the arable land were deficient in available Mo, while more than 70% had extremely low amount of available B. Amounts of available Cu, Zn and Mn were relatively high, whereas the soils are extremely sufficient in available Fe. The geostatisticical data shows that Mn, Cu, Zn, and Mo were best fit with an exponential model, while Fe and B were best fit with a spherical and linear model, respectively. Copper and Mo had strong spatial dependency, which is attributable to the effects of natural factors including parent material, topography, and soil type; Fe, Mn, and Zn had medium spatial dependency; however, B had weak spatial dependency, indicating an involvement of anthropogenic factors. Nevertheless, the six micronutrients studied all show spatial distribution trend to a certain extent. Discussion  Based on the provincial classification standard of soil micronutrients and the results of the present study, regionalized management of soil micronutrients was recommended. We divided the soil micronutrients investigated in the present study into three types: Type I (Fe), Type II (Mn, Cu, and Zn) and Type III (B and Mo). Type I is sufficient, and its amount needs to be controlled; otherwise, it will be toxic to crops. Type II is enough and its amount does not need to be increased currently through micronutrient fertilization. However, Type III is deficient in substantial areas in the region studied and its cause of deficiency needs to be investigated; its availability needs to be improved to sustain the crop production and food quality. The availability of B and Mo in the north of Zhejiang Province should be regionally managed. Over the past two decades, the spatial variability of soil-available micronutrients in the study region was attributable to the soil formation factors as well as anthropogenic activities such as fertilization, cultivation, and other soil management practices. The lower available B and Mo concentrations in the arable land were apparently due to continuous cropping and intensive applications of fertilizers without adequate supply of micronutrients. The high available Fe and Mn concentrations in the soils were attributed to increasing soil acidification and relatively high soil organic matter contents. The high available Cu and Zn levels of the soils in this region were attributed to intensive utilization of animal manure as fertilizers. Conclusions  Based on the provincial classification standard and the results from the present study, regionalized management of soil micronutrients was recommended. Moreover, the present study would provide an insight into understanding the basis for the development of innovative strategies for land management practices such as precision farming and environmental risk assessment. Recommendations and perspectives  The research findings attained in the present study would help to improve our understanding of spatially variable availability of soil micronutrients and providing a quantitative basis for decision and policy making to develop innovative agricultural management strategies to sustain micronutrient nutrition. Further research should be conducted to elucidate the relationship between soil micronutrient and plant growth and human health.