不同干燥方式对柠檬片干燥特性及品质的影响

为探索不同干燥方式对柠檬片干燥特性及品质的影响,该研究采用真空冻结冷冻干燥、传统冷冻干燥、热风干燥3种方式进行对比干燥试验。结果表明,真空冻结冷冻干燥柠檬片工艺耗时比传统冷冻干燥节省5 h,但是热风干燥2倍以上;耗电量比传统冷冻干燥节省14.27%,但是热风干燥5倍以上;真空冻结冷冻干燥、传统冷冻干燥、热风干燥柠檬片维生素C保存率分别为66.03%、45.45%、19.14%,复水比分别为4.60、3.97、2.24,差异显著(P0.05);热风干燥柠檬片色差值显著(P0.05)高于两组冷冻干燥柠檬片,而两组冷冻干燥柠檬片色差值未见显著差异(P0.05);真空冻结冷冻干燥柠檬片中5种主要挥发性风味化合物保存率显著(P0.05)高于传统冷冻干燥柠檬片,热风干燥柠檬片保存率最低(P0.05)。3组干燥柠檬片残留水均呈现自由水、不易流动水、结合水3个横向弛豫时间峰位,干燥样品残留水分中结合水占比例最高,不易流动水和自由水占比例较小,热风干燥柠檬片横向弛豫时间峰位相对其他两组呈现小幅度的右移趋势;两组冷冻干燥柠檬片感官特征总评分差异不显著(P0.05),热风干燥柠檬片在色泽、质地、柠檬味上远不及两组冷冻干燥柠檬片感官特征丰富。真空冻结冷冻干燥是高附加值柠檬片的首选干燥方法。该研究结果为柠檬片干燥加工技术提升提供参考。     

基于低场核磁共振技术探究不同水分含量对熟化板栗品质的影响

为探究不同水分含量对熟化栗仁品质特性的影响,采用高压蒸汽方法对不同水分含量的生栗仁进行蒸制,结合熟化栗仁的质构特性与色差,基于低场核磁共振技术解析熟化栗仁失水过程中的水分迁移、分布规律,并借助线性回归分析不同水分含量与熟化栗仁质构特性、色差和核磁参数的相关性。结果表明,失水过程中熟化栗仁的硬度、胶黏性及咀嚼性变化较大。栗仁含水量在48%～28%范围时经高压蒸汽处理,栗仁发生美拉德反应,色泽逐渐变暗,褐色加深;含水量在28%～18%时栗仁逐渐发生石灰化,蒸制后栗仁色泽较白。栗仁含水量为48%、43%时均会出现结合水、不易流动水和自由水3个组分峰,随着失水程度加剧,结合水含量呈先上升后下降的趋势、不易流动水含量表现为先下降而后逐渐趋于平缓,自由水含量变化最明显。随着栗仁失水程度加剧,蒸制后的可食性口感逐渐不佳。不同水分含量对熟化栗仁品质特性有显著影响。本研究结果可为栗仁品质的控制提供参考。     

基于低场核磁共振的热风干燥猕猴桃切片含水率预测模型

为研究猕猴桃切片热风干燥过程中水分迁移规律,该试验通过对猕猴桃切片进行热风干燥,考察不同干燥温度(70、80、90℃)、切片厚度(3、4、5 mm)下的干燥特性。试验采用直接干燥法测定含水率,运用低场核磁共振技术(Low-Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance,LF-NMR)分析热风干燥过程中猕猴桃切片内部水分分布状态与变化规律,建立动力学模型,验证并预测。结果表明:猕猴桃切片热风干燥开始为外部控制,随后属于内部扩散控制,水分有效扩散系数范围为1.58×10-7～4.18×10-7 m2/s,扩散效率随温度升高而增大。升高温度能显著提高猕猴桃干燥速率,可加快结合水、不易流动水以及自由水的迁移。自由水和结合水先于不易流动水发生变化,自由水含量在干燥前期逐渐下降,此过程中不易流动水和结合水含量均表现为先升高后降低的趋势。当自由水被脱除后,不易流动水和结合水含量依次达到最大值;此后,随着干燥的进行,不易流动水逐渐被脱除,此时结合水含量开始下降直至干燥结束。整个干燥过程中,猕猴桃切片部分自由水先转化为不易流动水和结合水,结合水与不易流动水相互转化,循环往复伴随整个干燥过程。以干燥过程中的自由水、结合水、不易流动水的核磁峰值总和、切片厚度和干燥温度为自变量,猕猴桃切片含水率为因变量,进行多元线性回归分析,建立含水率预测模型,模型的拟合优度为0.982。结果表明,低场核磁共振技术结合数学模型可用于描述猕猴桃切片热风干燥过程,可实现对猕猴桃切片干燥过程中含水率的快速、无损检测,研究结果可为猕猴桃热风干燥工艺和过程设计提供理论依据。     

吊挂时间对蛋鸡与肉鸡宰后肌肉品质的影响

为国内禽类清真屠宰企业提供数据指导和帮助,该文采用两因素可重复裂区试验设计,以淘汰蛋鸡和AA肉鸡(arbor acre broiler,AA broiler)2个鸡种为主区,5个吊挂时间(0、30、60、90、120 s)为裂区,研究吊挂时间对淘汰蛋鸡与AA肉鸡宰后肌肉品质的影响,结果表明,随着吊挂时间的延长,AA肉鸡在吊挂90 s时,体温变化、宰后24 h pH值、红度值、滴水损失、蒸煮损失显著增大,自由水含量、肌酐酸(inosine monophosphate,IMP)含量显著减小(P<0.05);当吊挂120 s时,淘汰蛋鸡宰后24 h pH值、红度值、蒸煮损失显著增大,IMP含量显著减小(P<0.05).主效应和交互作用分析结果表明,鸡种对体温变化、亮度值、滴水损失、蒸煮损失、结合水含量、不易流动水含量、自由水含量、IMP含量影响显著(P<0.05),吊挂时间对体温变化、红度值、滴水损失、蒸煮损失、自由水含量、IMP含量影响显著(P<0.05),鸡种与吊挂时间的交互作用对红度值、滴水损失、自由水含量、IMP含量影响显著(P<0.05).根据研究结果,建议AA肉鸡适宜的吊挂时间为12~60 s,淘汰蛋鸡适宜的吊挂时间为12~90 s,研究结果为提高宰后鸡肉品质提供参考.     

超高压前处理对虾仁冻藏期品质的影响

为研究超高压辅助脱壳所得到的中华管鞭虾虾仁在冻藏期的品质变化,以虾仁色泽、质构、肌原纤维蛋白相对含量、表面疏水性、总巯基相对含量和Ca²⁺-ATPase活性为指标,探讨超高压前处理对虾仁品质的影响。结果表明,冻藏6个月后虾仁L^*值、a^*值和b^*值均有所变化,与对照组相比,超高压前处理对虾仁L^*值的影响不显著,但能延缓冻藏后期a^*值的增加,对保持虾肉色泽的稳定有一定作用;超高压前处理对虾仁的咀嚼性和弹性影响不显著,但能增加虾仁的硬度。超高压前处理使冻藏初期虾仁肌原纤维蛋白的表面疏水性增加,而对其溶解性、巯基含量及Ca²⁺-ATPase活性的影响不显著;冻藏后期由于虾仁蛋白冷冻变性,致使肌原纤维蛋白溶解性、巯基含量及Ca²⁺-ATPase活性下降。综上所述,超高压辅助脱壳在一定程度上有利于保持冻虾仁的色泽和硬度。本研究结果为利用超高压技术辅助脱除中华管鞭虾虾壳,生产冷冻虾仁提供了新思路。     

小麦粉面团形成过程水分状态及其比例变化

为揭示小麦粉面团形成过程水分状态和比例、面团结构的变化,以及这种变化与粉质仪和拉伸仪表征的质量特性之间的关系;认识面团形成过程表征筋力强弱的物质基础和变化机理。选用中筋(宁春4号)和强筋(师栾02-1)小麦品种为试验材料,利用低场核磁共振技术测定粉质仪和面过程、拉伸仪醒发拉伸过程不同时间点面团水分状态和比例的变化;利用红外显微成像技术分析面团形成过程不同取样点蛋白质和淀粉的分布及结构变化。结果表明,面粉原料中主要为弱结合水。面粉在粉质仪加水搅拌形成面团后,水分状态和比例发生显著变化,面团中的水可以分为强结合水(T_(21))、弱结合水(T_(22))和自由水(T_(23))。面团搅拌形成过程中,中筋小麦品种宁春4号面团中的强结合水比例显著降低;师栾02-1的强结合水的弛豫时间在和面终点消失,弱结合水的弛豫时间显著延长,而自由水的比例显著增加(P0.05)。强筋小麦粉强结合水的保持时间较长。拉伸过程加盐和不加盐对同一取样点、同一种水分状态之间的水分弛豫时间和比例无显著影响;宁春4号自由水的弛豫时间在加盐和不加盐处理时都显著缩短(P0.05)。湿面筋含量高、筋力较强面团的蛋白质网络结构致密。粉质仪和面过程强结合水和弱结合水弛豫时间和比例的变化,与面筋含量和强度有关。该结论可为面制品加工过程和面工艺选择与优化等方面提供一定的理论参考。     

热风干过程中风干肉水分的迁移

为阐明热风干过程中风干肉水分迁移机制,利用氢质子低场核磁共振弛豫研究热风干过程中(温度35℃、湿度60%、风速3 m·s^-1)风干肉内部和外部中水分迁移及水-蛋白相互作用模式。结果表明,在风干过程中风干肉中水分的主要存在形式为不易流动水,其不断从肌原纤维网络内迁移到网络外,水分含量显著下降。风干肉外部中结合水、不易流动水和自由水的弛豫时间均显著下降(P < 0.05),表明风干肉外部中水-蛋白相互作用模式发生改变。而风干肉内部中结合水和自由水的弛豫时间无显著变化(P > 0.05),表明风干过程中风干肉内部和外部中水-蛋白相互作用不同,风干肉表皮的温度较内部温度高,且表皮水分含量下降速度较内部的水分含量下降速度快,导致了硬壳的形成。综上所述,风干过程中风干肉外部的温度高且水分脱除快,导致了风干肉内外部中水-蛋白相互作用不同。本研究结果为调控风干过程中水分迁移速度,实现风干肉工业化加工提供了理论依据。     

超声辅助变压滚揉对鸡肉蛋白质结构及含水量的影响

为了探讨超声辅助变压滚揉对原料肉腌制过程蛋白质结构及水分含量的影响,该研究以鸡胸肉为原料分别进行静置腌制(对照)、真空滚揉(vacuum tumbling,VT)腌制和超声辅助变压滚揉(pressure-transform tumbling curing assisted by ultrasound,PTU)腌制处理100 min,采用拉曼光谱、低场核磁共振(low-field nuclear magnetic resonance,LF-NMR)、扫描电镜(scanning electron microscopy,SEM)和透射电镜(transmission electron microscope,TEM)测定不同腌制处理后鸡肉肌原纤维蛋白的二级结构、肌肉中水分含量以及肌肉组织微观结构的变化.结果显示,经过VT和PTU腌制处理的鸡肉其各项指标较对照组均发生显著变化(P＜0.05),其中拉曼光谱分析显示PTU处理的鸡肉肌原纤维蛋白质二级结构组成发生更显著变化,α-螺旋含量降低(P＜0.05),β-折叠和-转角的含量显著增加(P＜0.05);LF-NMR结果显示PTU处理的鸡肉的结合水横向弛豫时间和不易流动水横向弛豫时间较VT处理显著减小(P＜0.05),而对应的结合水峰面积百分比和不易流动水峰面积百分比都较其他处理组增加(P＜0.05).扫描电镜和透射电镜研究结果也显示经PTU处理的鸡肉组织结构破坏最严重,Z线以及肌原纤维膜降解最为明显.综上,PTU处理能够通过改变蛋白质结构、水分存在状态分布以及微观结构的变化来加速原料鸡肉腌制效率,改善嫩度和提高保水性;研究结果为PTU技术在肉制品加工中的应用及相关设备的开发提供理论依据.     

高密度CO2处理对皱纹盘鲍肌肉品质的影响

为了探讨高密度CO2（DPCD）应用于加工皱纹盘鲍的可行性,在压力5～25 MPa、温度30～50℃、处理时间10～50 min下分别处理皱纹盘鲍,研究DPCD对其色泽、pH值、保水性、质量损失、质构等指标的影响规律。结果表明：与未处理的相比,DPCD处理对皱纹盘鲍的外观和pH值无显著影响（P＞0.05）,但对其色泽、基本营养成分、质量损失、保水性和质构有显著影响（P＜0.05）,并且随着处理强度的增加,其影响程度也加强;结合杀菌效果,DPCD处理皱纹盘鲍的适宜条件为：20 MPa、45℃、（40～50）min。研究结果将为DPCD加工技术在贝类肌肉食品中的应用提供参考。     

收获时期及干燥方式对花生品质的影响

为探索不同收获期和后熟干燥方式对花生品质的影响,该研究以泰花5号花生为试验对象,采用在株晾干法、鲜摘晾干法、鲜摘催干法3种方法对3个时期收获的花生进行后熟干燥品质对比测试分析。结果表明,在同一收获期中,在株晾干法花生百果质量、百仁质量显著高于其他2种方法,该后熟干燥方法的增重作用随收获期提前而更明显(P0.05);但在相同后熟干燥方法中,提前2周收获的干燥荚果百果质量、百仁质量均显著低于前1周和原定收期收获的花生荚果(P0.05)。自然晾晒干燥期间,在株晾干花生果壳、果仁含水率均高于同期鲜摘晾干果壳、果仁含水率,两种晾干方式含水率差异在初期逐渐增加、随后逐渐减小直至达到相当的最终含水率。鲜摘晾干和鲜摘催干果仁粗蛋白、粗脂肪均未见显著差异(P0.05),而在株晾干果仁粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量分别增加了3%、2%左右;而收获期越早,果仁粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量越低。在果仁不饱和脂肪酸总相对含量上,鲜摘晾干、在株晾干果仁与新鲜果仁未见差异(P0.05),但机械催干果仁显著低于新鲜果仁(P0.05)。在果仁氨基酸组成方面,经3种不同后熟干燥方法后,8种主要氨基酸及氨基酸总含量均呈现在株晾干含量最高、鲜摘晾干其次、机械催干最低的差异(P0.05)。在株晾干花生果柄横断面显微结构观察表明,果柄在干燥初期仍保留对水分、养分等物质输导、贮藏的空间通道,为荚果的物质代谢和积累提供必要条件。该研究结果为花生生产实践提供参考。     

A mass balance approach to assess carbon dioxide evolution during erosional events

The accelerated greenhouse effect and the degradation of land resources by water and wind erosion are two major, yet interrelated global environmental challenges. Accelerated decomposition of soil organic carbon (SOC) in cultivated soils results in decline in SOC stocks over time and also contributes to increased levels of CO₂ in the atmosphere. Off‐site transport of SOC in runoff waters during erosional events also contributes to SOC depletion, but there is a paucity of data in the literature documenting erosional SOC losses and the fate of eroded SOC. In this paper, we present a mass balance approach to compute CO₂ evolved from mineralization of SOC during transport and deposition of eroded soils. Erosion‐induced CO₂ emission rates ranging between 6 and 52 g C m⁻² yr⁻¹ were computed using data on SOC stocks and dynamics from a series of long‐term experiments conducted across a range of ecological regions. For the cropland of the world, we estimated an annual flux of 0.37 Pg CO₂‐C to the atmosphere due to water erosion. This flux is significant and suggests that water erosion must be taken into consideration when constructing global and regional C budgets. Through its contribution to atmospheric CO₂ increase, water erosion can have a positive feedback on the accelerated greenhouse effect. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Structural disruption of arable soils under laboratory conditions causes minor respiration increases

Previous field studies in N Europe have shown that the impact of soil tillage on soil respiration is mostly indirect, caused by altered distribution of plant residues in soil affecting decomposition of residues. Tillage operations alter soil moisture and temperature conditions in soil, which control decomposition dynamics. Experiments under laboratory conditions allow indirect effects of altered residue decomposition to be distinguished from direct effects of mechanical disruption, i.e., the increased exposure of substrates within aggregates and micropores upon tillage. This study examined the effects of physical disruption of soils with different soil texture, land‐use history, and soil organic C content on soil respiration under controlled abiotic conditions. Undisturbed soil samples from 7 sites (arable land and grassland) were incubated at 20°C and three different water potentials (–1, –10, and –30 kPa). Soil respiration was measured before and after physical disruption with laboratory homogenizer, using an automated respiration apparatus. Soil organic C, water content, and bulk density explained 67% of the variation in base respiration. In half of the disrupted samples, bulk density was re‐adjusted by re‐compaction to conditions prevailing before disruption. Disruption and re‐compaction generally resulted in higher respiration flushes than disruption alone. Respiration peaks increased with water content. However, total C losses were small and corresponded to < 0.1 Mg C ha^?1. Overall, physical soil disruption increased decomposition of soil organic matter only marginally and temporarily. It would be difficult to detect an effect of tillage on soil organic matter decomposition under field conditions.     

EFFECTS OF CARBON DIOXIDE AND PHOSPHORUS SUPPLY ON POTATO DRY MATTER ALLOCATION AND CANOPY MORPHOLOGY

□ Data on combined effects of elevated carbon dioxide concentration (CO₂) and phosphorus fertilization (P) on potato are scarce. Growth chamber studies (E1 and E2) that used three P and two CO₂ levels were conducted. Leaf, stem, tuber, and stolon dry matter increased with P. Lateral-stem production was sensitive to P with a minimum 2.5-fold increase in mass. Leaf length increased an average 20.2% in E1 and 38.2% in E2 and leaf area increased an average 336% in E1 and 470% in E2 across CO₂ levels. Tuber dry mass increased 22% in E1 and 38.2% in E2 in response to elevated CO₂ and total dry mass by 14.1 and 15.4%. Tissue P contents increased with P but were unaffected by CO₂. Effects of P on canopy branching were associated with plant N status. The studies suggest elevated CO₂ levels are unlikely to alter potato P requirements on a unit mass basis.     

The effect of gamma‐radiation on the release of carbon dioxide from fresh soil

Abstract

The release of CO₂ from fresh soil at medium moisture was examined for 14 days after the application of gamma‐radiation over the range 0.025 ‐ 10 Mrad. All doses stimulated the release of CO₂ compared with non‐irradiated soil, but there was no extra yield of gas between 4 and 10 Mrad. Rapid evolution occurred during irradiation and over the next 24 hours, but towards the end of incubation both irradiated and untreated soil produced CO₂ at similar rates.

Studies to elucidate the origin of CO₂ indicated that the contribution from enzymes was predominant up to 2 Mrad, but at 10 Mrad, 45% of the gas could be formed by radiolytic decarboxylation of soil organic matter. Consequently, heavy irradiation of soil cannot stop production of CO₂, and if high concentrations do interfere with the application of radiation to specific soil research investigations, the gas should be displaced or allowed to diffuse from the sample.     

Elevated CO2 may reduce arsenic accumulation in diverse ecotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana

Rising concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide [CO₂] could, potentially, increase contaminant uptake and the overall efficiency of phytoremediation. To determine the ability of elevated [CO₂] to sequester arsenic (As), five Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes were grown at ambient (～400 µmol mol^?1) and elevated (～800 µmol mol^?1) CO₂ at three levels of As concentration (0, 50, and 110 µM) to determine whether: (a) elevated CO₂ increased the concentration of As in above-ground biomass (AGB), and, (b) the effect of [CO₂] on As concentration was ecotype specific. We found that elevated CO₂ significantly increased AGB of A. thaliana, but the extent of biomass stimulation was specific to ecotype. Overall, at the highest As concentration, the relative effect of elevated [CO₂] was to reduce both As concentration and As uptake per plant; however, genetic variation was also evident among A. thaliana in regard to phytoextraction of As at current and projected CO₂ levels.     

超临界二氧化碳萃取红辣椒的夹带剂筛选

研究了夹带剂：水、乙醇和丙酮对超临界二氧化碳萃取及分离红辣椒中辣素和红色素的影响。提出了定量评价夹带剂效应的两个参数：增大系数和选择性。研究表明,三种夹带剂对辣素和红色素都有不同程度的夹带增大效应。水为夹带剂能提高辣素的选择性,有利于分离;而乙醇和丙酮的添加,不利于分离。以水为夹带剂,采用一级萃取二级分离流程。在１９～２０ＭＰａ的压力下萃取,把辣素和红色素一起萃取出来;然后减压到中间压力,实施第一级分离,色素单独沉淀析出,获得纯净红色素产品;最后把流体降至低压,第二级分离,使溶解的辣素沉淀,第二级分离的萃取物中,以辣素为主而带有少量红色素。     

笼养肉鸡不同季节CH4和CO2排放研究

为研究规模化肉鸡场温室气体排放系数,给我国畜牧业温室气体清单编制和选择减排技术提供依据,选择山东某商业化肉鸡养殖场,对肉鸡生产过程中CO2和CH4的排放情况进行了研究。利用多功能气体分析仪对肉鸡舍CH4和CO2的浓度进行测定,肉鸡舍通风量测定则采用风机风量现场测定系统,根据不同季节连续5d测试结果计算提出肉鸡的CH4和CO2排放因子。结果表明：肉鸡在36-42d龄间的CH4和CO2的排放因子分别为（0．276＋0．19）g·d^-1·bird^-1（58．9＋37．2g·d^-1·AU^-1）,154．4＋45．7g·d^-1·bird^-1（33．5＋8．0kg·d^-1·AU^-1）,不同季节CH4排放因子存在显著差异,夏季最高为0．552g·d^-1·bird^-1,冬季最低为0．111g·d^-1·bird^-1,春季和秋季分别为0．187g·d^-1·bird^-1和0．254g·d^-1·bird^-1;CO2排放因子夏秋季节差异不显著,分别为186．8g·d^-1·bird^-1和179．8g·d^-1·bird^-1,但显著高于春季（163．4g·d^-1·bird^-1）和冬季（87．4g·d^-1·bird^-1）;分析表明,鸡舍通风量与CH4排放因子呈现显著线性相关关系,以CO2形式损失的碳（C）占总饲料碳（C）投入的56．1％,是碳（C）损失的主要部分,仅有占饲料碳（C）投入0．27％的碳以CH4形式损失。     

中国大中型沼气工程温室气体减排效益分析

大中型沼气工程是中国可再生能源建设的重点项目,可提供清洁能源、减轻农村环境污染,具有良好的环境效益,同时也可减少CO2、CH4等温室气体排放,缓解全球变暖趋势.该文根据国际通用的减排量计算方法,对1996～2005年间中国大中型沼气工程所带来的主要温室气体减排量和减排效益进行了计算分析.结果表明:2005年,中国大中型沼气工程减少CO2排放0.54×106～1.51×106t,减少CH4排放1.53×105t(CO2当量),以国际市场价格计,中国大中型沼气工程减少CO2和CH4排放可实现1.16×108～2.69×108元(RMB)的经济效益.根据<可再生能源中长期发展规划>预测,2010和2020年中国大中型沼气工程的CO2减排量可分别达到0.56×107～1.71×107 t和1.95×107～5.99×108 t,CH4减排量分别达到1.79×106 t和6.28×106 t,减少主要温室气体(CO2,CH4)排放的经济效益可分别达1.17×109～3.00×109元和0.41×1010～1.05×1010元.中国大中型沼气工程建设可有效减少CO2和CH4等温室气体的排放,基于清洁发展机制具有显著的经济效益.     

增施CO2气肥对温室结球莴苣光合作用影响的综合模型研究

为探讨不同温度和光照条件下增施CO₂气肥对温室作物生长的影响，应用红外线CO₂气体分析仪测定方法，对不同CO₂浓度下结球莴苣光合作用速率的变化进行了深入系统的研究，并分别建立了低温条件下和中、高温条件下增施CO₂气肥对光合作用速率影响的综合模型。研究结果表明，在一定范围内，随着光照度提高和温度上升，增施CO₂气肥对于光合作用的促进效果提高，但是超过饱和点后会有负的效应。本实验条件下，结球莴苣光合作用最佳的生态因子组合为：光照度897.3 μmol·m^-2·s^-1，温度28.9℃，CO₂浓度2160 μL/L，此时的净光合速率(CO₂)Pn为36.0 μmol·m^-2·s^-1。     

增施CO_2气肥对温室结球莴苣光合作用影响的综合模型研究

为探讨不同温度和光照条件下增施 CO2 气肥对温室作物生长的影响 ,应用红外线 CO2 气体分析仪测定方法 ,对不同 CO2 浓度下结球莴苣光合作用速率的变化进行了深入系统的研究 ,并分别建立了低温条件下和中、高温条件下增施 CO2 气肥对光合作用速率影响的综合模型。研究结果表明 ,在一定范围内 ,随着光照度提高和温度上升 ,增施 CO2 气肥对于光合作用的促进效果提高 ,但是超过饱和点后会有负的效应。本实验条件下 ,结球莴苣光合作用最佳的生态因子组合为 :光照度 897.3μmol· m- 2 · s- 1 ,温度 2 8.9℃ ,CO2 浓度 2 16 0μL / L ,此时的净光合速率 (CO2 ) Pn为 36 .0 μm ol· m- 2· s- 1。