PAM在盐渍化砂壤土中的吸附行为研究

采用静态吸附法和淀粉-三碘化物比色法研究了聚丙烯酰胺Polyacrylamide(PAM)在非盐和三种不同溶解盐的轻度、中度及重度盐渍化砂壤土上的吸附行为,考查了不同液固比、吸附时间对土壤吸附量的影响。结果表明,PAM在非盐、轻度盐渍化砂壤土中吸附最佳液固比均为20∶1,吸附平衡时间为8 h,在中度、重度盐渍化砂壤土中吸附的最佳液固比是25∶1,吸附平衡时间是6 h。说明溶解盐含量较少对PAM在砂壤土中的吸附的最佳液固比、吸附平衡时间并无影响,而当溶解盐含量增加到一定程度,吸附最佳液固比增大,吸附平衡时间减小。四种土壤吸附等温线均采用Langmiur等温方程进行拟合,相关系数都达到0.96以上。并得到PAM在四种盐渍化砂壤土中的吸附量呈现出非盐渍渍化土轻度盐渍化土中度盐渍化土重度盐渍化土的规律,其饱和吸附量分别为0.68、0.74、1.04和1.11 mg g-1,四者差异达到显著水平(P0.05),且轻度、中度及重度盐渍化砂壤土的饱和吸附量分别比非盐渍化砂壤土增加了8.82%、52.94%、63.24%。说明随着溶解盐含量增加砂壤土对PAM的吸附量增大。     

聚丙烯酰胺在侵蚀崩壁不同层次土壤的吸附特征

采用静置吸附法分析聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)在侵蚀崩壁3个层次土壤的静态吸附行为,研究不同的液固比例、吸附时间对吸附量的影响,得出吸附等温线。结果表明:PAM在红土层和砂土层土壤中吸附的最佳液固比例是20∶1;在碎屑层土壤中的最佳液固比例是25∶1。PAM在红土层土壤中静态吸附量趋于零,主要受土壤质地、有机质含量等因素的影响;在砂土层和碎屑层土壤中,PAM浓度为100mg/L和200mg/L时,平衡吸附时间为28~32h;PAM浓度为300~500mg/L时,平衡吸附时间为20~24h;对砂土层和碎屑层土壤的吸附等温线进行回归拟合均符合Langmuir吸附模型。     

天然沸石对猪场厌氧发酵液中氨氮吸附作用的试验研究

为达到利用人工湿地处理高氨氮污水的目的,采用天然沸石作为人工湿地基质,对比研究了天然沸石对NH4Cl溶液和猪场厌氧发酵液中氨氮的等温吸附特征、吸附动力学过程,考察了吸附时间、氨氮初始浓度、沸石用量对沸石吸附氨氮的影响。结果表明,Freundlich方程较Langmuir方程能更为准确地描述天然沸石对两种水质中氨氮的等温吸附特征;在两种水质中,单分子层饱和吸附量分别为16.20mg·g-1和3.85mg·g-1。天然沸石对氨氮的吸附作用受吸附时间、氨氮初始浓度及沸石用量影响较大,在两种水质中,沸石对氨氮的吸附过程在0～8h内均随时间显著上升,到48h时达到吸附平衡;当采用NH4Cl溶液时,初始氨氮的浓度由10mg·L-1增加到500mg·L-1时,平衡吸附量由0.19mg·g-1增加到5.91mg·g-1;当采用猪场厌氧发酵液时,初始氨氮的浓度由39.4mg·L-1增加到502.9mg·L-1时,平衡吸附量由0.63mg·g-1增加到3.20mg·g-1;增加沸石用量,可以提高氨氮的去除率,但单位质量沸石的氨氮吸附量随之降低。准二级动力学可以很好地描述天然沸石吸附两种水质中氨氮的动力学过程;由模型得出的天然沸石对氨氮的平衡吸附量与试验所得最大吸附量偏差范围分别为5%～11%和2.9%～5.4%。     

PAM特性对花岗岩崩岗崩积体径流及产沙的影响

研究利用人工模拟降雨,研究不同分子量（800万、1 200万和1 500万）,不同水解度（10%,20%,30%）聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）对崩岗崩积体土壤侵蚀和径流的影响。结果表明:3种分子量和水解度的PAM都能够减少土壤侵蚀量,1 200万分子量PAM处理土壤侵蚀的效果最好,PAM的水解度对抗侵蚀影响差异不明显;各种PAM处理均使径流量增加,随着分子量的变大,径流量也在增加,而同一分子量的PAM,其水解度对径流量和侵蚀量的影响大致成反比关系;PAM处理下侵蚀土壤中不同粒径颗粒的含量会发生变化,砂粒的含量会有所增加,粉粒和黏粒的含量会减少。综合价格和抗侵蚀效果来看,1 200万10%水解度的PAM更适合于崩岗崩积体侵蚀治理。     

聚丙烯酰胺对H_2PO_4~-和HPO_4~(2-)在土壤中吸附-解吸特性的影响

采用批量平衡法研究聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)对两种形态磷(HPO2-4、H2PO-4)在土壤中吸附和解吸特性的影响,以明确PAM对输入土壤中肥料磷素的固持效果。结果表明:施入PAM土壤对磷的吸附动力学过程符合二级动力学方程(平均R2=0.998 4),包括快速反应和慢速平衡两个阶段。在低(20mg/kg)和高(100mg/kg)磷浓度条件下,原土或施入PAM处理土壤对HPO2-4、H2PO-4的吸附均可在反应进行12h时达到平衡,仅高浓度磷条件的H2PO-4处理需要24h达到吸附平衡。Langmuir模型可对等温吸附数据进行很好的拟合(平均R2=0.940 4)。相比原土对照处理,PAM处理可提高土壤对H2PO-4吸附,降低对HPO2-4的吸附,使得HPO2-4的最大吸附量和吸附强度降低,而H2PO-4的最大吸附量和吸附强度升高。PAM处理土壤对磷的解吸受施磷量影响不同,中低施磷条件(磷含量低于80mg/kg)下,NaCl和柠檬酸对PAM处理土壤中磷解吸率均低于原土对照,而在高施磷量条件下,NaCl和柠檬酸对PAM处理土壤中磷素的解吸率均高于原土对照,说明中低施磷条件下,施用PAM不利于土壤对H2PO-4和HPO2-4的释放。PAM施入土壤后,H2PO-4的解吸率(NaCl、柠檬酸)始终高于HPO2-4,说明H2PO-4较不易被土壤固定。     

干粉PAM溶解时间对土壤饱和导水率的动态影响

本试验选取两种质地土壤(黏壤土和砂壤土),采用3种干粉PAM施用水平(0、22.5 kg/hm~2和45 kg/hm~2),测定土样在10.25 mm/h入渗速度下的土壤饱和导水率(KS),然后根据土样团聚体含量和稳定性及团聚结构的微观图片,分析干粉PAM影响下土壤结构的变化特征,进而说明干粉PAM溶解时间对KS的影响机理。结果表明:施用PAM后,KS随干粉PAM在水中溶解时间的延长而逐渐减小,最终趋于稳定;干粉PAM溶解时间较短时,PAM处理的KS高于对照,其中PAM施用水平45 kg/hm~2时砂壤土KS提高幅度最大,较对照提高26.87%,但不同PAM施用量处理间的KS差异不显著。干粉PAM溶解时间足够长时,PAM处理的KS均显著低于对照,其中PAM施用水平45 kg/hm~2时黏壤土KS降低幅度最大,较对照降低10.86%,但是不同施用量处理间KS差异不显著。从影响机理上分析,PAM主要是通过增加土壤团聚体含量及稳定性来提高KS;而干粉PAM溶解时间足够长时,由于PAM易吸附土壤颗粒,水解后的PAM分子链不断伸张延长,堵塞了土壤孔隙,加上PAM本身的黏滞特性,从而降低了KS。研究干粉PAM溶解时间对KS的动态影响,可以为PAM在改善土壤导水能力方面的应用提供理论依据。     

酸性条件下粉砂质壤土对Cd~(2+)的吸附解吸特性研究

为了解酸性条件下粉砂质壤土对Cd2+的吸附-解吸机制,采用一次平衡法进行了不同pH值条件下壤土对Cd2+的吸附-解吸实验。结果表明:壤土对Cd2+的吸附量和吸附率均随着pH值升高而增加,不同初始浓度下达到的最大吸附率为0.69~0.95,酸性条件下壤土对Cd2+的等温吸附Freundlich方程拟合效果最好,通过拟合的Langmuir方程计算出壤土对Cd2+的饱和吸附量为2 500 mg/kg。Cd2+的解吸量和解吸前的吸附量呈显著正相关线性关系,解吸率随着pH值升高而减小,pH值从2以等间隔1变化到6,平均解吸率依次为1.11、0.33、0.07、0.06、0.06;表明在酸性污水灌溉条件下污灌壤土中的镉易向下迁移,污染深层土壤和地下水。     

不同质地棉田土壤对磷吸附与解吸研究

研究了不同质地棉田土壤对磷吸附与解吸的影响。结果表明:不同质地磷素等温吸附曲线与Langmuir、Temkin和Freundlich方程拟合度都达极显著水平,尤以Langmuir方程拟合度最高,相关系数均在0.94以上;磷吸持指数(PSI)、土壤最大缓冲容量(MBC)和吸附量均随粘粒含量的增加而增大,即粘土壤土砂壤土,而易解吸磷(RDP)、解吸量、解吸率和标准需磷量(SPR)呈下降趋势,即砂壤土壤土粘土。以Langmuir方程估算棉田土壤的需磷量,砂壤质棉田需磷量为12.87mgkg-1,壤质棉田需磷量为12.66mgkg-1,粘质棉田需磷量为10.00mgkg-1。     

天然沸石对水中氨氮吸附特性的研究

以浙江缙云天然沸石为原料,分别用摇床和吸附柱实验研究了天然沸石对氨氮的静态和动态吸附特性。结果显示,在10、25、40℃温度下沸石吸附氨氮有显著差异(P0.05)。在25℃、氨氮初始浓度为50 mg·L-1的条件下,1~2 mm沸石对氨氮的360 min吸附容量为4.05±0.02 mg·g-1。沸石对氨氮的吸附过程遵循二级吸附动力学方程,沸石对氨氮的等温吸附可用Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附方程拟合,相关性分析结果表明Langmuir方程达到极显著相关(P0.01),可以更好地描述沸石吸附氨氮的热力学过程。随着沸石粒径与投加量的减小,沸石对氨氮的吸附量显著增加。在p H值6.0~8.0时,沸石对氨氮去除效果最好。动态试验显示,当氨氮浓度为50 mg·L-1时,沸石的穿透时间约96 h,动态饱和吸附量为18.8 mg·g-1。     

不同人工湿地基质对磷的吸附性能研究

通过基质磷素吸附动力学、等温吸附以及基质饱和吸附后磷素解吸实验,研究陶瓷滤料、红泥、水洗砂、炉渣4种人工湿地基质净化磷素的效果,评价其基质磷素饱和吸附后磷素解吸可能造成的二次污染风险。结果表明,在溶液磷（P）浓度为5-150mg·L·^-1条件下,Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附方程均能很好地描述陶瓷滤料和红泥两种基质的磷素吸附过程,陶瓷滤料用Langmuir方程比Freundlich方程的拟合程度更好,红泥则相反。4种基质对磷素的吸附量顺序依次为红泥〉陶瓷滤料〉炉渣〉水洗砂。从磷素的解吸率来看,4种基质释磷顺序依次为炉渣〉水洗砂〉陶瓷滤料〉红泥,水洗砂和炉渣吸附磷素后的解吸率较高,其他两种基质磷素解吸的比例很低。综合评价,陶瓷滤料更适合作为人工湿地污水除磷的基质。     

Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant-available nutrients under conventional and no tillage

Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate.     

Assessing the effectiveness of conservation measures: Resolving the “wicked” problem of the Steller sea lion

“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options.     

Enhanced establishment and growth of giant cardon cactus in an eroded field in the Sonoran Desert using native legume trees as nurse plants aided by plant growth-promoting microorganisms and compost

To evaluate the feasibility of long-term desert reforestation technology of mixed vegetation, cardon cactus (Pachycereus pringlei) seedlings from indoor and outdoor nurseries were planted in the field adjacent to one seedling of potential legume nurse trees: mesquite amargo (Prosopis articulata), yellow palo verde (Parkinsonia microphylla), and blue palo verde (Parkinsonia florida). Some of the planting holes were also supplemented with common dairy compost. Additionally, the combinations of legume tree–cactus were inoculated with either a consortium of desert arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB; the diazotroph Azospirillum brasilense Cd, and the phosphate solubilizer Paenibacillus sp.), or a mixture of all. The field experiments were evaluated periodically during 30 months for survival and growth. Cardons reared in an outdoor screen house survived better in the field than those reared in a controlled growth chamber and hardened later outdoors. Association with any legume nurse tree increased survival and enhanced growth of untreated cardons. For cardons growing alone, application of either compost, AM fungi, and all the treatments combined increased survival. For these plants, no treatment affected plant growth during the first 3 months after transplanting. Later, all treatments, except for AM fungi, enhanced plant growth. However, only 2 years after transplanting the enhanced growth effect of AM fungi was also significant. In the presence of the legume nurse trees, transient positive effects on cardon growth were recorded. General evaluation after 30 months of cultivation showed that the treatments positively affected cardon growth when growing alone or in combination only with mesquite amargo but not with the other two legume trees. This study proposes that young legume trees have the capacity to enhance survival and growth of cardon cactus, depending on the legume cactus combination. Additional treatments such as compost or PGPB can either amplify the effect or else attenuate it.     

Karyotypic and genome size variation in Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. (pigeonpea) and some wild relatives

Detailed karyotypes and 4C DNA amounts have been studied in five cultivars of Cajanus cajan and 20 species belonging to Cajanus, Rhynchosia, Dunbaria, Flemingia and Paracalyx. C. cajan shows intraspecific variability and its karyotype is most similar to that of C. cajanifolius (sect. Cajanus) in the morphology and number of satellite chromosomes and the lack of any correlation between chromosome size within the complement and asymmetry. Karyotypes of C. lineatus and C. sericeus belonging to sect. Atylia are similar with respect to maximum r-index and the ratio of longest and shortest chromosomes in their respective complements. C. acutifolius (sect. Frutocosa) is distinct in having a very low ratio (1.44) between the longest and the shortest chromosomes, while in C. albicans, C. goensis, C. scarabaeoides (sect. Cantharospermum) there is no chromosome pair with r-index >2.0. C. mollis and C. volubilis (sect. Volubilis) show similarity with regard to ratio between the longest and the shortest chromosomes and a distinct chromosome pair with an arm ratio of 2.7 and C. platycarpus is distinct (sect. Rhynchosoides) in having the smallest ratio (1.36) between the longest and the shortest chromosomes. 4C DNA amounts in Cajanus and Rhynchosia vary between 3.28 pg to 11.69 pg and 4.92 pg to 11.13 pg respectively, while in Dunbaria, Flemingia and Paracalyx these vary between 4.70 and 7:06 pg. In the genus Cajanus karyotypic features and 4C DNA amounts agree with the sectional classification and bring out a close relationship between C. cajan and C. cajanifolius. This is supported by studies based on seed protein patterns, isozyme analysis, trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor patterns, RFLP and RAPD data and crossability relationships. A clear relation between DNA amount and abnormalities effecting the extent of pairing and recombination in interspecific hybrids shows the importance of this study in developing future breeding programme involving C. cajan and its wild relatives that are of potential value.     

Effect of some fungicide seed treatments on the survival of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and on the nodulation and yield of soybean [Glycine max. (L) Merr.]

Several commercial fungicide seed treatments were evaluated for their possible effect on the survival of Bradyrhizobium japonicum on seeds and on the nodulation and yield of soybeans in a greenhouse and a field experiment. quinolate Pro (carbendazim and oxine copper), Vitavax 200FF (carboxin and thiram), and Monceren (pencycuron) had a small effect or no effect on the survival of B. japonicum and on the nodulation and yield of soybeans. They can thus be considered compatible with soybean seed inoculation. Germipro UFB (carbendazim and iprodione), Apron 35J (metalaxyl), and Tachigaren (hymexazol) decreased B. japonicum survival and the nodulation and yield of soybeans and thus cannot be considered compatible with soybean seed inoculation.     

Einfluss der düngungsmethoden auf die entwicklung von zuckerrübenkrankheiten

Während neunjähriger (1994-2002) Untersuchungen in der Versuchsanstalt Ba?cyny (Fahlerde, Fall-Gleyboden, ausgebildet aus leichtem Lehmboden) wurde der Befall mit Krankheiten an der Zuckerrübe in Abhängigkeit von der Düngungsmethode bewertet. Folgende Methoden wurden angewendet: A - Mineraldünger, B - Stalldung und Mineraldünger, C - Stroh-, Gründung und Mineraldünger, D - Kompostdünger und Biopräparate (ökologische Düngung). Auf den Objekten A, B, C wurden bei konstanter Phosphor-Kalium-Düngung die Stickstoffgaben von 0 bis 180 kg.ha^?1 differenziert. Auf dem ökologischen Objekt D ohne Mineraldünger wurden statt Stickstoff die Biopräparate P₅₀₀ und P₅₀₁ verabreicht. Der geringste Befall von Krankheiten wurde an der Zuckerrübe auf jenem Objekt festgestellt, das mit Kompost und den Biopräparaten gedüngt worden war. Im Rahmen der konventionellen Düngungsmethoden wurde allgemein die höchste Intensität der Krankheiten an der mit Stroh, Gründung und Mineraldünger gedüngten Zuckerrübe beobachtet. Ausnahmen von dieser Regel bildete das Vorkommen von echtem Mehltau und Keimlingsfäule. Auf den Objekten A, B, C nahm die Intensität der Krankheiten mit der Steigerung der Stickstoffgabe zu. Auch die auf Objekt D verabreichten Biopräparate stimulierten die Entwicklung der Krankheiten. The effect of various fertilization methods on the diseases of sugar beet was estimated on the basis of nine-year studies (1994-2002) conducted in the Experimental Production Farm in Ba?cyny on loess-based, sedimentary-gley, light-clay soil. The following fertilization methods were applied: A - mineral fertilization, B - mineral and manure fertilization, C - straw, green manure and mineral fertilization, D - ecological compost and biodynamic preparations fertilization. In the objects A, B and C fertilized with phosphorus and potassium, various doses of nitrogen ranging from 0 to 180 kg/ha^?1 were used. In the ecological object D, where mineral fertilization was not used, biodynamic preparations P₅₀₀ and P₅₀₁ were applied instead of nitrogen. The lowest ratio of the diseases of sugar beet was observed in the object fertilized with the compost and biodynamic preparations. In view of the conventional fertilization methods, generally the highest incidence of diseases was noted in the sugar beet fertilized with straw, green manure and mineral fertilizers. The exception was the occurrence of powdery mildew and the black leg. In objects A, B and C the incidence of the diseases increased with the increase in nitrogen doses. The applied biodynamical preparations in the object D stimulated the development of diseases too.     

Prospects for control of Pythium damping-off of lettuce with Trichoderma,Gliocladium and Enterobacter spp.

Summary Damping-off of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) caused by Pythium ultimum was studied in pots containing a non-sterile potting mix in the glasshouse. Fifty P. ultimum sporangia g^-1 compost reduced the plant stand to 15% and shoot dry weight to 18%, but this reduction was totally prevented by applying Trichoderma harzianum at 2×10⁵ viable propagules g^-1 potting mix. Gliocladium virens and Enterobacter cloacae also alleviated the damping-off. E. cloacae did not adversely affect the action of the fungal antagonists. The co-existence of the bacterial and fungal antagonists was revealed on the root surface and inner surface of the testa by scanning electron microscopy, indicating the compatibility of the biocontrol agents.     

细菌、真菌及植物氮营养信号研究进展

氮素吸收代谢是所有生物生命活动的核心部分,因此,各种生物对氮的吸收与同化过程都有精细的调节。这种调节依赖于生物对体内氮素状况信号及体外（生长介质中）氮素信号的感受。过去几十年中,在细菌、真菌中已经对氮素营养信号有了较好的研究,而植物中则相对缓慢,但也有了一定的认识。本文重点比较细菌、真菌及植物中氮信号系统的组成,以期为进一步认识植物中的氮信号接受与转导系统提供启示。     

Potential of wild species for genetic enhancement of some semi-arid food crops

Discovery and incorporation of genes from wild species provide means to sustain crop improvement, particularly when levels of resistance in the cultigens are low and virulent strains of pests and pathogens overcome the host plant resistance. The extent of utilization and the potential of the wild genepool for genetic enhancement were reviewed in five important food crops viz. sorghum, pearl millet, chickpea, pigeonpea and groundnut grown in the semi-arid tropics. Introgression from compatible wild germplasm in the primary gene pool resulted in transfer of new cytoplasmic male sterility systems in pearl millet and pigeonpea, development of high protein, cleistogamous flower and dwarf pigeonpea lines and foliar disease resistant groundnut cultivars. Utilization of wild species in secondary and tertiary gene pools has been generally limited due to sterility, restricted recombination or cross incompatibility. Nevertheless, these species are extremely important as they contain high levels of resistance to several important biotic and abiotic stresses. Several of them, like those belonging to the Parasorghum section and the rhizomatous Arachis species are sources of multiple resistances and hold great promise to sustain crop productivity.     

“绿色革命”以来大气CO2浓度升高对C3作物营养品质的影响

自20世纪60年代"绿色革命"以来,育种技术和农耕技术的发展促进了农作物产量的大幅提升,然而作物的营养品质出现下降趋势。在相似的遗传背景下,大气CO_2浓度升高会使单位体积农作物产品的营养元素含量下降,因此"绿色革命"至今,农作物产品的营养元素下降可能受大气CO_2浓度升高影响。通过植物生长箱模拟"绿色革命"初期和目前的大气CO_2浓度水平(310μmol/mol和400μmol/mol),针对主要C_3作物水稻、小麦和大豆,研究"绿色革命"以来大气CO_2浓度升高对其籽粒的C、N、Fe、Zn元素含量的影响,结果表明:CO_2浓度升高对3种作物籽粒的C元素含量几乎没有影响,变化幅度在±1.5%之间;籽粒的N、Fe、Zn元素含量普遍呈现下降趋势,但均未达到显著水平。