采石边坡生态修复技术组合模式研究

以采石形成坡面的植被恢复为例,积极开展科学技术研究,因地制宜采用了生态植被毯铺设、挂双向格栅+植被恢复基材喷附+生态植被毯、客土大苗造林、浆砌石坡脚挡墙+攀缘植物垂直绿化、简易植被恢复基材喷附、挂三围网+植被恢复基材喷附、生态植被袋、岩面容器苗垂直绿化、清淤土整地+撒播植物种子、生态灌浆+植被毯铺设等10项技术组合模式,取得了较好的生态修复效果,为其他类似坡面的植被恢复提供了借鉴。     

北京市废弃矿山工程绿化技术模式研究

房山区是北京市矿产等资源产业结构调整的重点区域。北京市废弃矿山工程绿化技术以生态修复为主要目标,采用生态植被毯铺植技术、植被恢复基材喷附技术、挂网+植被恢复基材喷附等工程绿化技术,对废弃矿山生态修复,治理水土流失,改善生态环境,加强生态安全建设,美化生活环境起到示范作用,也为北京生态环境的改善和区域经济可持续发展奠定坚实的基础。     

多阶梯边坡植被恢复技术在公路建设中的应用

以京承高速公路密云沙峪沟—市界段为例,介绍施工中采用的以客土喷播技术与基质喷附技术相结合的一种边坡植被恢复技术——多阶梯边坡植被恢复技术.该技术通过削坡机将陡坡修成一定高宽比的多阶梯状边坡,沿阶梯面铺设护坡网,将混有一定比例的植物种基质喷附在每一级坡面上;同时在各平台面客土进行乔灌木建植喷播等一系列施工流程,结合对坡面的养护管理,保证边坡的稳定性,提高植被恢复的成功率,达到坡面植被恢复与绿化的效果.多阶梯边坡植被恢复技术具有稳定边坡,减少水土流失,美化边坡环境等优点,可为同类边坡植被恢复施工提供参考.     

基材喷附技术的植物选配与建植方式

人为的生产建设尤其是在公路、铁路、矿山、水利、山区住宅等基础项目的建设中形成了不同类型岩石坡面.基材喷附实现岩石坡面生态植被恢复是目前常用的技术形式,为了如期成功实现目标群落的营建,需要对项目区周边气候、土壤、植被等自然环境进行调查,并对坡面地形、坡度、稳定性等特征进行分析.在选择目标群落植物时应满足生态适应性、先锋性、和谐性、抗逆性和自我维持性、生物多样性、持续稳定性等原则,在建植方式上采用播种和栽植相结合,这样才有助于岩石坡面植被的成功恢复.     

城市河渠生态护坡技术效益对比——以北京市新开渠为例

在城市河渠整治工程的边坡防护中,已初步使用生态防护方式,但各种边坡防护措施的防护效果差异明显.应科学地采用生态边坡防护措施或生态与工程相结合的防护措施,使河道坡面稳定以实现生态治理的目的.通过建立边坡绿化试验小区,选择液体喷播、铺设生态植被毯、三维植被网等生态护坡技术,对各自的经济、生态效果进行分析,并对各类生态护坡技术进行评价.结果表明,铺设生态植被毯是一项经济可行、防护效果理想的技术措施.     

北京市人民渠生态护岸技术应用研究

根据北京市人民渠实际开展边坡绿化研究,选择液力喷播、铺设三维植被网+液力喷播、铺设生态植被毯、铺设生态植被毯+保水剂4种不同的边坡防护措施,通过调查植被生长状况了解各种措施的防护效果,并对防护措施之间产生差异的原因进行了分析,为类似的河渠生态防护提供了重要的参考。     

湿喷植被混凝土生态护坡技术在水渠边坡工程中的应用

[目的]验证湿喷植被混凝土生态护坡技术的先进性与实用性,为工程边坡生态防护提供参考。[方法]将湿喷植被混凝土生态护坡技术应用于湖北省鄂州市花马湖水系连通渠护坡工程,现场观测了护坡和水土保持效果、植物盖度、植株密度、植物平均高度以及物种多样性指标。[结果]湿喷植被混凝土生态护坡技术能促使边坡稳定。所用基材能较好地附着于坡面,未出现冲沟和滑塌,水土保持较好,成功解决了基材可喷射性和坡面附着性之间的根本矛盾;1个月后坡面整体植被覆盖率达到90%以上;缓坡区的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数、Simpson优势度指数与陡坡区均较为接近,但与自然边坡存在差异;湿喷综合成本比干喷节约5%～15%。[结论]湿喷植被混凝土生态护坡技术作为干喷植被混凝土生态护坡技术的升级版,具备显著的先进性,能用于工程边坡的生态防护。     

锚喷边坡坡面植被恢复生境构建技术

边坡通过锚杆喷射混凝土处置,其整体稳定性得到了保证,但其对周边生态环境却造成了不良影响,而且由于喷射混凝土的存在,该类边坡坡面植被恢复生境构建难度增加。某锚喷坡面在采用了挡土翼、坡面植生孔、植生营养袋及TBS厚层基材喷播绿化等综合技术措施后,基本实现了坡面植被恢复生境构建,可为类似工程提供参考和借鉴。     

岩质边坡植被混凝土肥力时间变异性研究

以水布垭生态恢复工程为对象,研究了植被混凝土肥力的时间变化特性。结果显示:2002—2005年间由于坡面植被大量生长及坡面被冲刷的缘故,基材有机质、速效钾含量在此期间呈差异显著(p<0.05)的下降,碱解氮、速效磷含量下降且在前3年差异显著;2005—2007年间由于坡面植被完全生长形成良好群落,土壤库中养分的释放已能满足根的吸收,各营养元素值略呈上升趋势,但仅与2002、2003年相应值差异显著。整个研究期间基材容重呈现先下降后略上升的曲线,pH值均在8.0以上,变化不明显。研究成果为植被混凝土生态防护基材的改良提供了理论根据。     

潞安集团煤矸石山边坡生态治理工程技术——以王庄煤矿为例

潞安集团王庄煤矿在矿山生态治理理念的指导下,结合煤矸石山现状及边坡治理的特殊要求,先采取工程措施,将矸石山整形为坡台式,用黄土(粉煤灰)分层碾压覆盖,继而采用地表覆盖法进行表面防侵蚀处理、修建排水沟,然后采用铺设生态植被毯的方法恢复边坡植被,选择适宜树种进行合理配置,并采取了相应的抚育管理措施,使矸石山边坡的治理初见成效。     

Physical Properties of the Soils of Sibay City of the Republic of Bashkortostan

Eurasian Soil Science - The results of the study of the properties of urban soils of the city of Sibay located in the mining region of the Republic of Bashkortostan are presented. A specific...     

Heterogeneity of Organic Matter of Aggregates of Protocalcic Chernozems

Eurasian Soil Science - Layers were step-by-step removed from macroaggregates (2–1 mm in diameter) of Protocalcic Chernozems via successive abrasion in a revolving rotator during 5, 10, 15,...     

食用仙人掌萎蔫气象条件分析

塑料大棚内种植的食用仙人掌在土壤墒情较好时也有萎蔫现象发生，通过试验观测和对仙人掌生理习性的分析，发现阴雨过后天气突然放晴温度急剧上升易使仙人掌发生萎蔫现象，并提出了田间管理的应对措施。     

姬松茸多糖提取工艺的优化

对姬松茸子实体多糖提取的工艺条件中的多糖提取温度、提取时间、浸提液pH值3因子的最优化组合问题进行了定量研究,建立了具有良好预测性能的姬松茸多糖提取条件的模型,并利用回归模型对工艺条件的最优化组合,对各单因子要素的多糖得率及其交互作用进行了探讨。试验表明,当浸提温度为100℃、浸提时间为3h、浸提液pH值为6.3时多糖得率处于较高水平     

青海省耕地资源开发利用分析及对策研究

分析论述了青海省耕地资源开发利用的现状、特点和问题。在此基础上,提出了对青海省耕地资源进行研究的框架体系和思路,同时基于GIS/RS技术设计了相关的技术路线。最后依据所做设计对青海省耕地资源开发利用做了初步分析,并进行了相关的对策研究分析。     

济南山丘区土壤侵蚀潜在危险度景观格局分析

土壤侵蚀潜在危险度景观格局的形成及其变化是自然的和人为的多种因素相互作用的结果 ,运用景观生态学原理 ,通过分析景观斑块的类型、数量、面积大小和空间组合状况 ,揭示出济南市山丘区的土壤侵蚀潜在危险度分布特征及空间变异规律     

Characterization of physical and chemical properties of Varzea soils of Goias State of Brazil

Abstract

Brazil has approximately 30 million hectares of lowland areas, known locally as “Varzea,”; distributed throughout the country. Soils in these areas have the potential to support agricultural production, but very little is known about their fertility. The current experiment was undertaken to characterize the chemical and physical properties of representative “Varzea”; soils collected at 0–20, 20–40, 40–60, and 60–80 cm depth intervals from 23 sites in Goias State of Brazil. Organic matter contents averaged 42 g/kg in the surface 20 cm of soil and should make a significant contribution to overall nutrient availability. Soil pH increased slightly with depth from a mean value of 5.2 in the surface 20 cm of soil to a mean value of 5.4 in the 60–80 cm depth interval. Several soils had exchangeable Al values ≥ 1.0 cmol Al/kg, but soil Al saturation was generally less than the 60% level frequently associated with Al toxicity. However, cereal and legume production could benefit from lime addition in many of these soils. Although base saturation was fairly low in some soils, exchangeable Ca and Mg levels were, in general, adequate throughout the profile. Extractable P levels were adequate in most surface soil samples. Extractable K levels in these soils were generally low, and the application of K fertilizers should be beneficial, especially in conjunction with lime addition. The high clay content “Varzea”; soils of the Brazilian lowlands have some drainage problems but generally exhibit favorable chemical properties for crop production when compared to soils of the well‐drained Cerrados.     

Estimation of potential nitrogen-fixing activity of agrophytocenoses soils of the subtropical zone of Russia

An estimation of potential nitrogen-fixing activity of various soil types under agrophytocenoses of tea, filbert, peach, and pawpaw which grow in the area of Greater Sochi is given. High indicators of nitrogen fixation activity in the soil in the course of vegetation were characteristic of agrocenoses of pawpaw, peach, and filbert. The lowest level of nitrogen fixation was noted in the soil of a tea plantation. A negative correlation dependence of potential nitrogen-fixing activity on the acidity of the soil solution was established. A study of the seasonal dynamics of the activity of nitrogen fixation of soils of agrocenoses of the subtropical zone of Russia made it possible to distinguish a less active winter and more active spring-summer-autumn periods.     

Kinetics of Popping of Popcorn

The rate of popping of popcorn was measured in oil and in air. Kinetic data for lifetimes of individual kernels from a large population were obtained in oil at six constant temperatures (180–250°C) and also in an air‐popper at 202°C. The data are characterized by an induction period, which is, significantly, followed by a first‐order decrease in the number of unpopped kernels versus time. The activation energy for the first order process is 166.7 kJ/mol between 180 and 210°C, and 53.8 kJ/mol between 210 and 250°C. These data are consistent with a model that assumes 1) that the rate of heat transfer into a kernel follows Newton's law of cooling; 2) that in a sample of kernels there exists a distribution of critical pressures; 3) that for an individual kernel, the probability of popping is directly proportional to the difference between the internal aqueous vapor pressure and the kernel's critical pressure; and 4) that the measured rate constant at any temperature is an average overall of the kernels in the sample with critical pressures equal to or less than the internal aqueous vapor pressure. Minimum popping temperatures predicted by the model are 181 ± 2°C (oil) and 187 ± 2°C (air), in good agreement with previously reported direct measurements.