1-甲基环丙烯处理对西洋梨常温贮藏的保鲜效果

为了探索西洋梨采后的常温保鲜方法,以“早红考密斯”为试材,研究了1-甲基环丙烯处理对西洋梨果实在20℃条件下生理代谢的影响。结果表明,在20℃贮藏条件下,1-MCP处理能明显延缓果实硬度的下降和色度的改变;抑制果实乙烯的合成,降低果实的呼吸速率,推迟乙烯、呼吸峰出现,并降低峰值。1-MCP处理与对照相比,乙烯释放高峰和呼吸高峰推迟6 d出现,同时降低了峰值,乙烯释放高峰和呼吸高峰分别仅为对照的69.6%和79.8%;1-MCP处理抑制了可溶性固形物含量和丙二醛含量的快速上升;在贮藏12 d时,果实的过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶活性分别为对照的 144.7%、113.5%、141.4%;另外,1-MCP还可以抑制果实的腐烂,降低果实腐烂率。因此,1-MCP处理可抑制西洋梨货架期的后熟衰老进程,有利于保持果实品质,提高贮藏效果。     

1-MCP对冷藏花牛苹果生理活性及香气合成相关酶活性的影响

以花牛苹果为试材,研究了1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)处理对花牛苹果冷藏期间果实呼吸强度、乙烯释放速率及香气成分相关酶活性的影响。结果表明,1-MCP能够显著抑制冷藏期间花牛苹果果实呼吸强度和乙烯生成,推迟呼吸和乙烯释放高峰的出现,同时能够抑制花牛苹果香气合成的相关酶活性,从而延缓果实的后熟与衰老,有效保持花牛苹果贮藏期间的生理品质。冷藏120 d,果实LOX酶活性峰值较同期对照降低了21.6%;PDC酶活性于冷藏180 d时达到最大,较同期对照低了51.5%。1-MCP 处理降低了AAT酶活性峰值,但并未推迟峰值的来临。     

1-MCP和壳聚糖处理保持红枣贮藏品质及其机理研究

以新疆灰枣为试材,研究纸片型1-甲基环丙烯(1-methylcyclopropene,1-MCP)与壳聚糖(chitosan,COS)处理在(0±1)℃条件下对灰枣品质及相关酶活性的影响。结果表明:至贮藏90 d时,与对照(CK)相比,1-MCP+COS的腐烂率、失质量率分别降低53.4%、51.2%,可溶性固形物(total soluble solid, TSS)含量高出18.6%。抗氧化酶系统中的超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)峰值水平提高58.2%,过氧化氢酶(catalase, CAT)峰值高出34.8%;贮藏结束时过氧化物酶(peroxidase, POD)活性是CK的1.98倍,抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(ascorbate peroxidase, APX)活性高出51.7%,差异显著(P0.05)。1-MCP、COS及1-MCP+COS处理均可不同程度地降低果实腐烂率、失质量率,保持较高的果实硬度和TSS含量,推迟呼吸高峰和乙烯释放速率高峰的到来并抑制丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)的积累,抑制脂氧合酶(lipoxygenase, LOX)和多酚氧化酶(polyphenol oxidase, PPO)活性,显著提高抗氧化酶系统活性。其中1.50μL/L纸片型1-MCP与1%COS复合处理对保持果实贮藏品质、延缓果实衰老、延长货架期最有利。     

不同环丙烯类乙烯抑制剂对苹果常温贮藏保鲜效果的影响

为了研究不同支链长度的3种环丙烯类乙烯抑制剂处理对寒富苹果常温贮藏效果的影响,分别采用0.75μL/L1-MCP(1-甲基环丙烯),2μL/L1-PentCP(1-pentylcclopropene,1-戊基环丙烯)和0.5μL/L1-OCP(1-octylcyclopropene,1-辛基环丙烯)在常温条件下,熏蒸处理寒富苹果20h,以不处理为对照,处理后装入厚度0.02mm保鲜袋于常温下贮藏(20℃)。结果表明:1-MCP和1-PentCP处理能较好地抑制寒富苹果贮藏过程中的呼吸强度和乙烯释放量,各处理呼吸高峰时间较对照晚出现了4d,各处理对乙烯释放高峰出现的时间延迟了8d,较好地保持了果实贮藏期间的硬度,延缓了果实固形物含量和丙二醛含量的上升速度。这2个处理还在一定程度上延缓了细胞膜保护酶过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶的活性变化。而1-OCP处理却促进了寒富苹果果实贮藏期间的丙二醛含量的上升,进而导致在贮藏后期出现了一定的伤害作用。研究结果表明,1-MCP和1-PentCP处理可以抑制寒富苹果的生理代谢,保持果实品质和降低膜脂伤害程度,从而延缓寒富苹果采后的成熟衰老进程。     

1-MCP和壳聚糖处理保持红枣贮藏品质及其机理研究

以新疆灰枣为试材,研究纸片型1-甲基环丙烯（1-methylcyclopropene,1-MCP）与壳聚糖（chitosan,COS）处理在（0±1）℃条件下对灰枣品质及相关酶活性的影响。结果表明：至贮藏90 d时,与对照（CK）相比,1-MCP＋COS的腐烂率、失质量率分别降低53.4%、51.2%,可溶性固形物（total soluble solid, TSS）含量高出18.6%。抗氧化酶系统中的超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase, SOD）峰值水平提高58.2%,过氧化氢酶（catalase, CAT）峰值高出34.8%;贮藏结束时过氧化物酶（peroxidase, POD）活性是CK的1.98倍,抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（ascorbate peroxidase, APX）活性高出51.7%,差异显著（P＜0.05）。1-MCP、COS及1-MCP+COS处理均可不同程度地降低果实腐烂率、失质量率,保持较高的果实硬度和TSS含量,推迟呼吸高峰和乙烯释放速率高峰的到来并抑制丙二醛（malondialdehyde, MDA）的积累,抑制脂氧合酶（lipoxygenase, LOX）和多酚氧化酶（polyphenol oxidase, PPO）活性,显著提高抗氧化酶系统活性。其中1.50 μL/L纸片型1-MCP与1% COS复合处理对保持果实贮藏品质、延缓果实衰老、延长货架期最有利。     

采收期结合1-MCP对苹果采后生理和贮藏品质的影响

为了探讨1-MCP处理对不同采收期''维纳斯黄金''苹果的采后生理和贮藏品质的影响。研究了生长发育期为185 d（采收期Ⅰ）、192 d（采收期Ⅱ）、199 d（采收期Ⅲ）的3个采收期果实分别用浓度为0（CK）和1.0 μL/L 1-MCP处理后,在常温（20±0.5）℃条件下采后生理和贮藏品质变化规律。结果表明,晚采果实的呼吸高峰和乙烯高峰较早采果实高,出现时间较早,与CK相比,1-MCP处理能显著降低3个采收期果实的乙烯释放速率和呼吸强度,明显抑制或延缓呼吸高峰和乙烯跃变高峰的出现时间。1-MCP处理对采收期Ⅰ和采收期Ⅲ果实的淀粉含量、淀粉酶活性与CK差异均不显著（P>0.05）,但1-MCP处理能保持3个采收期果实较高的硬度和原果胶含量、明显延缓可溶性果胶含量和PG酶（多聚半乳糖醛酸酶,Polygalacturonase）活性的上升,显著（P0.05）抑制采收期Ⅱ果实贮藏13～25 d期间的淀粉酶活性上升,有效延缓淀粉转化。结果还表明,与采收期Ⅰ相比,采收期Ⅱ能维持''维纳斯黄金''苹果较好的可溶性固形物、可滴定酸和维生素C等品质;与采收期Ⅲ相比,采收期Ⅱ能保持果实较高的硬度和可滴定酸含量、明显延缓果实软化衰老,延长货架期。综合分析：常温贮藏25 d期间,生长发育期为192 d采收的''维纳斯黄金''苹果结合1.0 μL/L 1-MCP处理贮藏保鲜效果最佳,研究结果为明确生产中''维纳斯黄金''苹果的最适采收期、维持果实采后品质和延缓果实软化衰老提供参考。     

1-MCP对黄花梨采后生理影响研究

以砂梨系统的黄花梨(Pyrus Pyrifolia Nakai)为试材,采用500、750、1000ppb的1-MCP处理后,于常温(20±0.5)℃和低温(4±0.5)℃条件下贮藏,并定期检测其主要的生理指标.试验结果表明1-MCP处理能有效推迟黄花梨果实采后的呼吸跃变和乙烯释放高峰的到达并降低峰值,降低多酚氧化酶(PPO)和过氧化物酶(POD)的活性,抑制果实硬度的下降和水分丧失,延长贮藏保鲜期.     

不同处理对猕猴桃采后生理和细胞超微结构的影响

为探索采后猕猴桃果实软化衰老机制及摔制途径,以"秦美"猕猴桃为试材,研究了1 μL/L1-MCP(1-甲基环丙烯)处理和1μmol/L NO处理对其采后生理和细胞超微结构的影响.结果表明:1-MCP处理与对照相比,极显著地抑制了果实的变软,对果实可溶性固形物含量的增加没有显著影响,使果实保持较高的POD活性,推迟SOD和POD活性高峰的出现,但对POD和SOD活性大小变化的影响不显著,明显延缓了果肉细胞壁的分解和叶绿体的解体,比对照在(0±1)℃的贮藏时间延长了12 w.NO处理与对照相比,对果实变软、果实可溶性固形物含量增加、SOD和POD的活性变化有显著影响,对果肉细胞壁的分解和叶绿体的解体有一定延缓效果,比对照延长贮藏时间28 d.1μL/L 1-MCP对秦美猕猴桃的保硬和保绿效果优于1 μmil/l NO.     

贮藏温度和成熟度对新疆早黄无花果采后生理的影响

为探明温度及成熟度对无花果贮藏期生理指标的影响,以新疆早黄无花果为试材,研究在常温和低温条件下,2种成熟度无花果的呼吸速率、乙烯释放、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量的变化。结果表明,贮藏温度对无花果果实采后生理指标的影响有显著差异,低温可显著延长果实贮藏寿命和货架期,缓解有害代谢物MDA的累积,降低防御酶系的活性。不同成熟度的果实采后,过氧化酶活性及MDA含量无显著差异,但低成熟度果实呼吸及乙烯高峰出现时间与高成熟度果实相比推迟4~10h。因此,适当低温及低成熟度有利于新疆早黄无花果的采后保鲜贮藏。本研究为无花果的保藏运销提供了理论依据。     

安喜布处理对冷藏猕猴桃果实衰老生理的影响

安喜布（AnsiP-S,布片型1-MCP 缓释剂）是一种新型的保鲜剂,该文探讨安喜布对采后猕猴桃果实衰老生理的影响。采后“金魁”和“米良1号”美味猕猴桃果实用安喜布处理（每2.5 kg果实采用1片安喜布,1-MCP有效质量浓度为1 mg/L）后,在（5±1）℃下贮藏。贮藏期间测定猕猴桃果实呼吸强度、细胞膜透性、丙二醛（MDA）含量、活性氧清除酶[超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）]活性、内源抗氧化物质[还原型抗坏血酸（AsA）和还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）]含量的变化。结果表明：与对照果实相比,每2.5 kg果实采用1片安喜布处理可降低猕猴桃果实呼吸强度和延缓呼吸高峰的出现,保持较高的SOD、POD、CAT活性和AsA、GSH含量,降低MDA含量,延缓细胞膜透性的增加。其中“米良1号”猕猴桃果实的MDA含量和细胞膜透性小于“金魁”猕猴桃果实。在（5±1）℃冷藏条件下,“金魁”猕猴桃果实比“米良1号”猕猴桃果实更易衰老。安喜布处理都能延缓“金魁”和“米良1号”猕猴桃果实的衰老,延长果实保鲜期。     

1- MCP和60Co-γ辐照处理对自发气调包装大五星枇杷贮藏品质的影响

为研究1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)熏蒸和⁶⁰Co-γ辐照处理对枇杷贮藏品质的影响,本研究以大五星枇杷为试验材料,对采后自发气调包装枇杷的腐烂指数、木质素、硬度、呼吸强度、乙烯生成速率、相对电导率、可滴定酸(TA)、可溶性固形物(TSS)以及苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、脂氧合酶(LOX)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性进行测定,研究6±0.5℃条件下1 μL·L^-1 1-MCP、1.5 kGy⁶⁰Co-γ、1 μL·L^-1 1-MCP+1.5 kGy ⁶⁰Co-γ不同处理对枇杷贮藏品质的影响。结果表明, 1-MCP和⁶⁰Co-γ复合处理效果最好,可延缓腐烂指数和木质素含量上升,维持果实硬度,降低果实呼吸强度、乙烯生成速率和相对电导率,保持果实TA和TSS含量,抑制PAL、LOX、PPO和POD活性的上升。在贮藏40 d时,1-MCP和⁶⁰Co-γ复合处理枇杷的腐烂指数仅为17.95%,而1-MCP组、⁶⁰Co-γ组、CK组分别为22.86%、25.72%和36.24%。因此,1-MCP和⁶⁰Co-γ复合处理对枇杷果实的贮藏效果最好。本研究结果为枇杷的贮藏保鲜提供了理论依据。     

生长调节剂处理对高州矮香蕉贮藏品质的影响

以高州矮香蕉为试材,研究了1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)和外源乙烯处理对香蕉贮藏品质的影响。结果表明,200nl/L 1-MCP处理可显著抑制香蕉可溶性糖和可溶性固形物含量上升,延缓果实硬度下降,从而延缓香蕉后熟进程;20μl/L外源乙烯对1-MCP处理果实的后熟进程影响不明显。     

Influence of 1-methylcyclopropene on ripening,storage life,and volatile production by d'Anjou cv. pear fruit

d'Anjou cv. pear fruit (Pyrus communis L.) exposed at harvest to 0, 0.42, 4.2, or 42 micromol m(-)(3) 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) for 12 h at 20 degrees C were stored at 1 degrees C for up to 8 months. After storage, half of the fruit was continuously exposed to ethylene (0.45 or 4-18 mmol m(-)(3)) for 7 days at 20 degrees C. All fruit treated with 1-MCP had lower respiration and ethylene production compared to untreated controls. Fruit quality changes were delayed following 1-MCP treatment, as was development of superficial scald and peel yellowing. The duration of 1-MCP-induced responses was dependent on 1-MCP treatment concentration. When 1-MCP-treated fruit began to ripen, softening and production of volatile compounds proceeded similar to that of untreated fruit. Post-storage ethylene exposure did not consistently stimulate ripening of fruit previously treated with 1-MCP. Efficacy of ethylene treatment depended on 1-MCP concentration and storage duration.     

Influence of 1-methylcyclopropene and storage atmosphere on changes in volatile compounds and fruit quality of conference pears

Conference pears (Pyrus communis L.) were treated with 25 and 50 nL L(-1) 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) at -0.5 degrees C for 24 h, then stored for up to 22 weeks in air (NA) and controlled atmosphere (CA). After 7 and 14 weeks of storage, fruits were retreated with 1-MCP. After 7, 14, and 22 weeks of storage, fruits were kept for up to 7 days at 20 degrees C in air for poststorage ripening. The effects of 1-MCP treatment declined with duration of storage in both storage atmospheres, indicating that retreatments had little additional effects on subsequent ripening. Ethylene production was lower and firmness was higher in 50 nL L(-1) fruits, while the 25 nL L(-1) dose was not very different from the control. Development of superficial scald was not prevented by 1-MCP treatments, but the severity of the symptoms was influenced. The 1-MCP effects were perceivable on texture (juiciness) and flavor. Control fruit and 25 nL L(-1) fruit reached their best sensory quality after 14 weeks of storage, while 50 nL L(-1) fruit reached the same sensory quality later, keeping a fresh flavor when the quality of control fruit declined and became watery or grainy. The fresh flavor in 50 nL L(-1) fruit was probably due to the presence below the odor detection threshold concentrations of the volatile compounds responsible for the "ripe pear" aroma, mainly of butanol and ethyl butanoate. CA prolonged or enhanced the effects of 1-MCP; 1-MCP cannot substitute for CA but can reinforce the CA effects.     

Influence of ethylene inhibition by 1-methylcyclopropene on apricot quality,volatile production,and glycosidase activity of low- and high-aroma varieties of apricots

Apricots of two varieties, Ceccona with strong aroma and San Castrese with low aroma but good firmness, were treated with 1 microL L(-)(1) 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) for 12 h at 20 degrees C and then kept for shelf life at 20 degrees C and 85% relative humidity. 1-MCP treatment strongly inhibited ethylene production in apricots of both varieties, and softening was delayed. Fruit softening started before the rise of ethylene in air-treated apricots, which softened even when the rise of ethylene production was inhibited by 1-MCP. The softening reduction was more significant in Ceccona apricots than in San Castrese. Pectinmethylesterase (PME) activity declined in Ceccona fruit regardless of the treatment; in San Castrese, PME of air-treated fruit slightly increased, whereas in 1-MCP-treated apricots the activity declined. alpha-d-Galactosidase (alpha-gal) and beta-d-galactosidase (beta-gal) activities in Ceccona apricot were significantly reduced by 1-MCP treatment, whereas in San Castrese apricot no difference in activities was observed between air- and 1-MCP-treated fruit. The pattern of beta-d-xylosidase (xyl) activity in San Castrese apricot was similar to that of beta-gal, showing a peak on day 4 without difference between treatments. alpha-d-Mannosidase (alpha-man) activity of air-treated apricots of both varieties rose slightly, and 1-MCP treatment decreased the enzyme activity in both varieties. alpha-d-Glucosidase (alpha-glu) decreased in air-treated apricots in both varieties, and 1-MCP maintained higher activity in Ceccona fruit but not in San Castrese. Acidity decreased during postharvest ripening regardless of the treatment, whereas soluble solids content (SSC) increased in Ceccona apricot and slightly diminished in San Castrese ones without any effect by 1-MCP treatment. 1-MCP did not show any effect on apricot color; in contrast, it affected the volatiles profile, especially in Ceccona apricot, reducing the synthesis of lactones and promoting the rise of terpenols.     

Effects of wax treatment on the physiology and cellular structure of harvested pineapple during cold storage

Pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. cv. 'Paris') is sensitive to low temperature and highly susceptible to blackheart during cold storage, which causes serious fruit decay. This work investigated the effect of wax treatment (Sta-Fresh 2952, 60 g/L) on blackheart of pineapple under chilling stress. Wax treatment significantly reduced blackheart symptoms after 14 days of storage and markedly delayed changes in firmness and flesh color during the whole period of storage. The weight loss of wax-treated fruit (2.6%) was less than the control (3.1%) at the 24th day of storage. The treatment decreased the activities of PG and EGase for maintaining cell wall stability during the later period of storage. In the control fruit, the structure of flesh cells was significantly damaged under chilling stress, with looser cell wall, absence of middle lamella, loss of membrane integrity, and many cells near the vascular tissue collapsed. The subcellular elements could be barely observed in the control after storage. These destructive symptoms were significantly alleviated in the wax-treated fruit. The results suggest that wax treatment could reduce blackheart of pineapple under chilling stress via maintenance of cell integrity.     

Effect of dips in a 1-methylcyclopropene-generating solution on 'Harrow Sun' plums stored under different temperature regimes

The effect of postharvest dips in a 1-methylcyclopropene-generating solution of the formulation AFxRD-038 (Rohm & Haas) on plum fruit (Prunus salicina Lindell cv. 'Harrow Sun') quality and ripening during storage was determined. Fruit weight loss, tissue firmness, soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), ethylene production, respiration, and the activities of the cell wall modifying enzymes polygalacturonase (PG), 1,4-beta-D-glucanase/glucosidase (EGase), beta-galactosidase (beta-gal), and pectin methylesterase (PME) were measured. Fruit reddening, anthocyanin content, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity were also analyzed. The 1-MCP-treated fruit showed reduced ethylene production and respiration rate and delayed softening, which was associated with the reduction in the activity of PG, EGase, and beta-gal. The immersion in 1-MCP-generating solutions also decreased weight and acidity loss without modifying the fruit SSC. The immersion treatment was particularly effective in the fruit stored at 5 degrees C, keeping higher overall quality, maintaining lower levels of anthocyanins and PAL activity, and preventing flesh reddening. The present data show that beneficial effects in delaying plum fruit ripening and controlling chilling injury can be obtained by dipping the fruits in a solution of this novel 1-MCP-generating formulation.     

外源一氧化氮协同1-甲基环丙烯处理对水蜜桃常温贮藏品质及活性氧代谢的影响研究

为探讨外源一氧化氮(NO)协同1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)处理对水蜜桃常温贮藏品质、活性氧代谢及其对货架期的影响,本研究以湖景蜜露水蜜桃为试材,采用0.5 μL·L-1 1-MCP、25 μmol·L-1硝普钠水溶液浸泡(NO)、1-MCP协同NO(NO+1-MCP)共3种处理方式,将其置于28±2℃室温中贮藏7 d....