美国红鱼生产性繁育及其若干问题探讨

美国红鱼(Sciaemopsocellatus)亦称眼斑拟石首鱼,属鲈形目,石首鱼科,拟石首鱼属。原产于美国大西洋沿岸及墨西哥湾。1991年7月,国家海洋局第一海洋研究所从美国引进仔鱼40余尾,经培育于1995年9月繁殖试验成功。由于美国红鱼肉味鲜美,含脂量高,营养丰富,深受消费者青睐,近年     

即食泡椒梅鱼加工工艺

梅鱼，又名梅童鱼，属石首鱼科，石首鱼属．是我国海洋捕捞的重要品种，产量较大，价格便宜。因此，一般梅鱼和其他低值鱼类一起作为鱼糜加工的原料。[第一段]     

水产养殖新品种——美国红鱼

美国红鱼，又称百花鱼，学名眼斑拟石首鱼，原产墨西哥湾和美国西南部沿海。此鱼肉质鲜美，含有丰富的预防心血管疾病的欧米茄-3，深受消费者欢迎，目前在大型超市和高档酒店皆有销售，而且价格不菲。我国自1991年从美国引进该鱼后，1995年人工繁殖获得成功，现已在广东、广西、浙江、江苏、辽宁等十几个省养殖。2003年，长春市水产研究院引进该鱼并进行试养，取得了较好的养殖效果。     

眼斑拟石首鱼人工繁殖与苗种生产技术的研究

报道了眼斑拟石首鱼的规模化苗种生产技术研究结果。自1997至2000年试验研究期间，利用眼斑拟石首鱼亲鱼28尾，共获受精卵3005万粒，孵出仔鱼2808万尾，平均孵化率93．44％，利用室内水泥池、室外海水池塘、低盐度水域池塘培育出体长2～5cm的鱼种1124．93万尾，平均育苗成活率为40．06％，最高达71．45％。并介绍了眼斑拟石首鱼的胚胎发育、个体生长、繁殖特性以及幼鱼对低盐度海水、淡水的适应性等。     

眼斑拟石首鱼人工繁殖与苗种生产技术的研究

报道了眼斑拟石首鱼的规模化苗种生产技术研究结果。自1997至2000年试验研究期间，利用眼斑拟石首鱼亲鱼28尾，共获受精卵3005万粒，孵出仔鱼2808万尾，平均孵化率93．44％，利用室内水泥池、室外海水池塘、低盐度水域池塘培育出体长2～5cm的鱼种1124．93万尾，平均育苗成活率为40．06％，最高达71．45％。并介绍了眼斑拟石首鱼的胚胎发育、个体生长、繁殖特性以及幼鱼对低盐度海水、淡水的适应性等。     

平潭县红鳍笛鲷网箱养殖技术

<正> 红鳍笛鲷俗称“美国红鱼”,是一种海水经济鱼类,原产于墨西哥中部。由于该鱼肉质细嫩,味道鲜美,市场畅销,是福建沿海目前海水网箱养殖业引进的优良新品种。经平潭县多年试养结果显示了生长速度快、个体大、产量高、经济效益佳等优点。现根据该县近年来养殖经验结合有关资料介绍如下: 1 生物学特性 红鳍笛鲷学名叫眼斑石首鱼,属鲈形     

美国红鱼的海水网箱养殖技术

美国红鱼学名眼斑拟石首鱼,为鲈形目,石首鱼科,原产于美国东南沿海.该鱼肉味鲜美,营养丰富,富含可预防心血管疾病的ω-3族脂肪酸,我国引进并成功地培育出大量红鱼苗供应市场.红鱼在美国原产地当年个体重可达500～1000 g,在我国浙江以南沿海采用海上网箱养殖,6月份放养,当年可达商品规格(大于500 g).     

养殖大黄鱼池塘里捡“黄金”

一、品种介绍
　　大黄鱼属硬骨鱼纲、鲈形目、石首鱼科、黄鱼属，俗名黄花鱼、黄瓜鱼、黄鱼、红瓜、金龙、黄金龙等，其肉质细嫩鲜美、营养丰富，深受我国及东南亚消费者喜爱，为传统“四大海产”（大黄鱼、小黄鱼、带鱼、乌贼）之一，是我国重要的海产经济鱼类，同时为我国八大优势出口养殖水产品之一。     

罗源湾五种石首鱼类的食性研究

分析了罗源湾五种石首鱼类的食性，结果表明：它们的食物组成比较相似，但主要食物种类各有不同，棘头梅童鱼(Colichthys lucidus(Richardson))主要食物为磷虾和桡足类；条纹叫姑鱼(Johniusfasciatus(Chu，Lo et Wu))的为毛虾和磷虾；叫姑鱼(J．belengerii(Cuvier et Valenciennes))的为多毛类；大黄鱼(Pseudosciaena crocea(Richardson))的为毛虾和鱼类；白姑鱼(Argyrosomus argentatus(Houttuyn))的为长臂虾和鱼类。五种石首鱼类的胃饱满指数除白姑鱼为65．76‰外，其余都在4．58‰～16．12‰之间，摄食强度季节变化比较明显。五种鱼类都属低级肉食性鱼类，营养级为2．3～2．6。     

大黄鱼人工育苗技术

大黄鱼Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｓｃｉａｅｎａｃｒｏｃｅａ(Ｒｉｃｈａｒｄｓｏｎ) ,系石首鱼科黄鱼属 ,俗称黄花鱼 ,为我国特有的地方性种类 ,是我国传统四大经济鱼类之一。近年来 ,大黄鱼自然资源日趋衰退 ,在海洲湾渔场濒临绝迹。为保护繁衍大黄鱼资源 ,发展大黄鱼增养殖业 ,1 998年 4月 ,我局承担了江苏省海洋渔业开发项目大黄鱼人工育苗技术研究。本文系该项育苗技术的生产性试验结果 ,旨在为石首鱼科鱼类的人工育苗提供参考。1　材料与方法1.1　材料( 1 )育苗室设施。育苗室屋顶为玻璃框架结构 ,顶部及四周备有遮光黑塑料布。( 2 )育苗池。为 7.…     

四川省食品动物源大肠杆菌mcr-1与ESBLs基因共转移分析

为了解四川省食品动物源大肠杆菌mcr-1耐药基因流行情况,及其与超广谱β-内酰胺酶基因(ESBLs)共存和共转移的特征,采用微量肉汤稀释法检测菌株对不同抗菌药物的敏感性;采用PCR检测菌株mcr-1,以及mcr-1阳性菌株中ESBLs基因类型;采用质粒接合转移试验分析了mcr-1与ESBLs基因共转移的耐药机制。结果显示:190株大肠杆菌的mcr-1检出率为36.84%,75.71% mcr-1阳性菌株中同时检出ESBLs基因,主要以blaTEM-1、blaCTX-M-55和blaCTX-M-14为优势基因;mcr-1阳性菌对氨曲南(ATM)、头孢噻肟(CTX)和多黏菌素E(COL)耐药率极显著高于mcr-1阴性菌(P<0.01);质粒转移率为47.14%,其中获得mcr-1和ESBLs基因共转移的接合子表现出与供体菌相同的耐药表型及耐药基因。综上,在四川省食品动物源大肠杆菌中,mcr-1与ESBLs基因共存现象广泛存在,且耐药基因易发生水平传播,对菌株多重耐药性的产生具有重要意义。     

不同质地黑土净氮转化速率和温室气体排放规律研究

为探讨黑龙江省半干旱地区不同质地黑土的净氮转化速率和温室气体排放规律,以壤砂土和粉壤土为研究对象开展室内培养试验,对土壤净硝化速率和净矿化速率、N2O和CO2排放速率与累积排放量进行研究。结果表明:7d培养期间壤砂土的平均净矿化速率和CO2平均排放速率分别为0.49mgN kg-1 d-1和0.30mgCO2-C kg-1 h-1,显著低于粉壤土的平均净矿化速率(1.37 mgN kg-1 d-1)和CO2平均排放速率(0.47mgCO2-C kg-1 h-1)。壤砂土的平均净硝化速率和N2O平均排放速率分别为1.65mgN kg-1 d-1和212.6ngN2O-N kg-1 h-1,显著低于粉壤土的5.02mgN kg-1 d-1和521.3ngN2O-N kg-1 h-1。壤砂土和粉壤土的N2O排放比率分别为0.081%~0.301%和0.210%~0.254%。研究表明,土壤质地显著影响土壤净氮转化速率和温室气体排放,壤砂土较低的pH、有机碳和水溶性有机碳含量是导致其净硝化速率、净矿化速率以及N2O、CO2排放速率显著低于粉壤土的主要原因。     

5种赤眼蜂品系对米蛾卵和梨小食心虫卵的选择偏好研究

赤眼蜂的生物学特性受到繁育寄主的影响。为探究不同繁育寄主对赤眼蜂品系在梨小食心虫卵的趋性中是否存在差异,本试验通过Y-管行为选择试验研究了米蛾Corcyra cephalonica卵繁育的松毛虫赤眼蜂Trichogramma dendrolimi和玉米螟赤眼蜂Trichogramma ostriniae品系,以及梨小食心虫Grapholita molesta卵繁育的松毛虫赤眼蜂、玉米螟赤眼蜂和本地优势种暗黑赤眼蜂Trichogramma pintoi品系对梨小食心虫卵的选择趋性。松毛虫赤眼蜂米蛾卵品系对米蛾卵和梨小卵均未表现出显著趋性,松毛虫赤眼蜂梨小卵品系在仅有米蛾卵时对米蛾卵表现出了显著趋性,而在仅有梨小卵、以及梨小卵和米蛾卵共存的处理中未表现出对任一寄主卵的趋性;玉米螟赤眼蜂米蛾卵品系和梨小卵品系,以及暗黑赤眼蜂梨小卵品系对米蛾卵和梨小卵均未表现出显著趋性。仅有米蛾卵时,暗黑赤眼蜂梨小卵品系选择时间显著短于除玉米螟赤眼蜂梨小卵品系外的其余三种赤眼蜂品系;而在仅有梨小卵时,暗黑赤眼蜂梨小卵品系选择时间最长,松毛虫赤眼蜂米蛾卵品系选择时间最短;而两种繁育寄主同时存在时,玉米螟赤眼蜂米...     

不同授粉组合对‘富士’和‘新红星’苹果品质的影响

【目的】探讨不同授粉品种对苹果品质和香气物质成分差异的影响,为高效授粉树的选育和苹果品质的提高提供依据。【方法】采用自育高效授粉树‘红菱’‘红锦’‘红雾’的花粉,在‘富士’(Malus domestica‘Fuji’)、‘新红星’(M.domestica‘Starkrimson’)铃铛花期进行授粉,以授‘嘎拉’(M.domestica‘Gala’)花粉的果实为对照,对果实发育期间总类黄酮含量的变化进行研究,并在果实成熟时测定可溶性固形物、花色苷含量等品质指标及香气物质成分。【结果】不同的授粉品种条件下,‘富士’和‘新红星’苹果除可滴定酸外的各项品质指标均高于对照。‘富士’苹果经‘红菱’授粉后,其果形指数、硬度、花色苷、可溶性糖含量显著提高,分别为对照的1.12、1.15、1.28、1.12倍。‘新红星’苹果经‘红雾’授粉后,其单果重、果形指数、花色苷、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖含量均显著提高,分别为对照的1.22、1.12、2.48、1.10、1.11倍,其可滴定酸含量显著降低,仅为对照的75%。在果实发育的整个生长期内,不同授粉品种处理的‘富士’和‘新红星’苹果总类黄酮含量均高于对照,且不同品种间存在显著差异。在花后160 d,‘富士’经‘红菱’‘红锦’‘红雾’花粉授粉后,果实内总类黄酮含量与对照相比分别增长19.63%、28.72%、13.97%,‘新红星’在花后120 d分别增长14.18%、15.26%、4.24%,差异显著。‘红菱’‘红雾’‘红锦’和对照授粉处理的‘富士’和‘新红星’苹果总酯类挥发性物质的相对含量分别为50.20%、52.03%、42.68%、45.10%和71.08%、68.85%、71.83%、66.03%,‘红菱’授粉后‘富士’‘新红星’果实总酯类挥发性物质含量明显增加,其中2-甲基丁酸乙酯的含量分别为对照的1.14和203.91倍。‘富士’苹果中,‘红菱’‘红雾’‘红锦’授粉处理的果实乙酸-2-甲基丁酯的含量分别为对照的1.73、1.07、1.36倍;其己酸乙酯和乙酸丁酯的含量分别为对照的1.09、1.12、1.29倍和1.50、0.77、1.30倍。而在‘新红星’苹果中,经‘红菱’‘红雾’‘红锦’授粉后,乙酸-2-甲基丁酯和己酸乙酯的含量分别为对照的1.82、1.27、0.93倍和2.57、1.15、0.27倍;乙酸丁酯的含量分别为对照的7.83、3.48、3.30倍。此外,‘富士’和‘新红星’苹果经‘红菱’授粉后,其烃类物质含量明显高于对照,主要表现为法呢烯的增多。【结论】高效授粉树能显著提高‘富士’和‘新红星’苹果的外观和内在品质,并且与对照存在显著差异。不同授粉组合对‘富士’和‘新红星’苹果品质影响差异较大,经‘红菱’授粉,‘富士’和‘新红星’苹果品质有显著提高。     

Comparative analysis of genomes in Oryza sativa, O. officinalis and O. meyeriana with C 0 t-1 DNA and genomic DNA of cultivated rice

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) were applied to somatic chromosome preparations of Oryza sativa, O. officinalis and O. meyeriana with labeled probes of C ₀ t-1 DNA and genomic DNA from cultivated rice. The coverage percentage (%) and size (Mb) of C ₀ t-1 DNA in O. sativa, O. officinalis and O. meyeriana were 47.1 ± 0.16, 38.61 ± 0.13, 44.38 ± 0.13 and 212.33 ± 1.21, 269.42 ± 0.89, 532.56 ± 1.68, respectively. The coverage percentage and size of probe signals with genomic DNA from O. sativa in O. officinalis and O. meyeriana were 91.0%, 93.6% and 634 Mb, 1 123 Mb respectively, in which there were 365 and 591 Mb in O. officinalis and O. meyeriana which came from O. sativa genomic DNA not from repetitive sequences of O. sativa, and the uncovered genome size in O. officinalis and O. meyeriana was 64 and 78 Mb, respectively. In addition, karyotype analysis was conducted based on the signal bands of C ₀ t-1 DNA in O. sativa, O. officinalis and O. meyeriana. The results showed that highly and moderately repetitive sequences in Oryza genus were conserved as the functional genes during the evolution process. The repetitive sequence reduplication might be one of the important causes of genome enlargement in O. officinalis and O. meyeriana; the O. officinalis genome enlarged more slowly compared with O. meyeriana. Based on the above results, it is concluded that O. officinalis and O. meyeriana formed by reduplication, rearrangement and gene selective loss during the evolution process. Translated from Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2006, 39(6): 1083–1090 [译自: 中国农业科学]     

Study on the origin and taxonomic status of yak (Poephagus) using cytochrome b gene of mitochondrial DNA

There still exists a remarkable difference on the yak’s taxonomic status in Bovinae. Primers designed according to the mitochondrial gene sequences of Bos taurus reported were used to amplify and sequence the yak’s cytochrome b gene, and the whole sequence of cytochrome b gene was finally obtained. Using Ovis aries as outgroup taxa, the phylogeny about the representative species of Bovinae was analyzed. Results showed that among the different species, the ratio of transition/transversion (Ts/Tv) of Cytochrome b gene was 4.9, suggesting that the mutation was not saturation. The percentage nucleotide sequence divergence between yak and Bovinae was 8.0%–8.6%, which was higher than that of yak and Bison bison. Phylogeny analysis found that Poephagus grunniens and Poephagus mutus clustered first before gathering with Bison bison, indicating higher genetic comparability than that of Bos. The results sustained the idea that Poephagus grunniens and Poephagus mutus shared one ancestor—the primitive yak. The approximate divergence time between these two species was 0.55 million years. The data also supported the viewpoint that the yak is classified into Poephagus of Bovinae, including two species of Poephagus grunniens and Poephagus mutus. Translated from Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2006, 37(11): 1128–1123 [译自: 畜牧兽医学报]     

Effects of exogenous spermidine on the photosynthesis of Cucumis sativus L. seedlings under rhizosphere hypoxia stress

With water culture, this paper studied the effects of exogenous spermidine (Spd) on the net photosynthetic rate (P _n), intercellular CO₂ concentrations (C _i), stomatal conductance (G _s), transpiration rate (T _r), apparent quantum yield (Φ _c), and carboxylation efficiency (CE) of cucumber seedlings under hypoxia stress. The results showed that P _n decreased gradually under the hypoxia stress, and reached the minimum 10 days later, which was 63.33% of the control. Compared with that of the hypoxia-stressed plants, the P _n 10 days after the application of exogenous Spd increased by 1.25 times. A negative correlation (R ²=0.473−0.7118) was found between _{P n} and C _i, and G _s and T _r changed in wider ranges, which decreased under the hypoxia-stress, but increased under the hypoxia-stress plus exogenous Spd application. There was a significant positive correlation between G _s and T _r (R ²=0.7821−0.9458), but these two parameters had no significant correlation with P _n. The hypoxia stress induced a decrease of Φ _c and CE by 63.01% and 72.33%, respectively, while the hypoxia stress plus exogenous Spd application made Φ _c and CE increase by 23% and 14%, respectively. The photo-inhibition of cucumber seedlings under hypoxia stress was mainly caused by non-stomatal inhibition, while the exogenous Spd alleviating the hypoxia stress by repairing photosynthesis systems. __________ Translated from Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2006, 17(9): 1609–1612 [译自: 应用生态学报]     

60日龄瓦氏黄颡鱼选育群体形态性状对体重的影响分析

为探明瓦氏黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus vachelli)形态性状与体重的关系,以同一批次繁殖的 60 日龄瓦氏黄颡鱼幼鱼为研究对象,测定了体长(X₁)、全长(X₂)、最大体高(X₃)、肛门处体高(X₄)、尾柄高(X₅)、吻-背鳍前端(X₆)、背鳍基长(X₇)、背鳍后端-脂鳍前端(X₈)、脂鳍基长(X₉)、脂鳍末端-尾鳍基(X₁₀)、胸鳍前长(X₁₁)、背鳍前长(X₁₂)、腹鳍前长(X₁₃)、臀鳍前长(X₁₄)、尾柄长(X₁₅)、头高(X₁₆)头宽(X₁₇)和体重(Y)共 18 个生物学性状,运用表型值统计、相关分析、通径分析、回归分析,以及生长曲线拟合等方法,研究了形态性状与体重的关系。结果表明：18 个生物学...