淫羊藿苷对小鼠卵泡卵母细胞体外发育与成熟的影响

用在体和离体试验研究淫羊藿苷对小鼠卵母细胞体外发育与成熟的影响。健康雌性小鼠分组灌服0.1、0.3、0.5和0.7 mg/d淫羊藿苷或2、6、10及14 mg/d淫羊藿水提液,并设生理盐水灌服对照组,取连续灌服7d和14d小鼠卵巢卵泡卵母细胞作体外成熟培养与体外受精,统计第一极体(pb I)排出率和受精率。在小鼠卵母细胞体外成熟培养液中按高(5μg/m L)、中(0.5μg/m L)、低(0.05μg/m L)剂量添加淫羊藿苷,经24 h成熟培养后进行体外受精,观察并记录卵母细胞pb I排出、受精和卵裂情况。结果表明,分别连续灌服淫羊藿苷和淫羊藿水提液后,各组小鼠卵母细胞细胞体外成熟率均有所提高,连续灌服7 d后,淫羊藿苷0.3、0.5和0.7 mg/d组小鼠卵母细胞受精率较对照组显著提高(P0.01);连续灌服14 d淫羊藿水提液6 mg/d组卵母细胞pb I排出率和受精率均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。添加淫羊藿苷低剂量组小鼠卵母细胞体外受精率和卵裂率显著高于对照组(P0.05);pb I排出率虽高于对照组,但无显著差异。本试验表明,连续灌服淫羊藿苷7 d对小鼠卵母细胞体外发育与成熟具有明显的促进作用;体外培养液中添加低剂量淫羊藿苷对小鼠卵母细胞体外成熟和受精具有促进作用,但高剂量反而有抑制作用。     

淫羊藿提取物内控方法初探及初步饲喂试验

为了建立淫羊藿提取物内控方法并摸索临床饲喂剂量,试验利用水提法制作淫羊藿提取物,用薄层色谱法鉴别淫羊藿苷;用高效液相色谱法检测淫羊藿苷含量;在妊娠母猪饲料中添加低剂量(500 g/t饲料)、中剂量(1 000 g/t饲料)、高剂量(1 500 g/t饲料)淫羊藿提取物,在妊娠期使用14 d,并设立对照组,在母猪分娩后统计母猪分娩率、活仔数、仔猪初生重等,分析淫羊藿提取物对母猪生产性能的影响。结果表明:薄层色谱法所得荧光斑点对应整齐且明显;高效液相色谱法所得线性回归方程为y=10 930x+95 789,R~2=0.990 6,检测设备精密度RSD为0.35%,检测方法重复性的RSD为1.5%,检测样品中淫羊藿苷的含量为1.0 mg/g;饲喂试验低、中、高剂量组的活仔数显著高于对照组(P0.05),饲喂试验中剂量组和高剂量组初生重显著高于对照组(P0.05),而中剂量组和高剂量组初生重差异不显著(P0.05),低剂量组初生重虽然高于对照组,但差异不显著(P0.05)。说明薄层色谱法可以作为淫羊藿提取物质量控制的方法之一;高效液相色谱法检测淫羊藿提取物中淫羊藿苷含量的方法可以为其在生产加工和临床应用中提供数据支持;淫羊藿提取物作为饲料添加剂可以改善母猪生产性能,建议添加剂量为1 000 g/t。     

淫羊藿苷对Wistar大鼠血清中E2浓度的影响

淫羊藿是一味常用的补肾中药.淫羊藿苷(ICA)是淫羊藿的主要有效成分,具有补肾助阳、强健筋骨等作用,能提高动物性欲,增强性功能,但它的作用机理不是十分清楚.试验主要观察淫羊藿苷对成年大鼠不同发情阶段血清中雌二醇(E2)浓度的影响,为淫羊藿促进雌性动物生殖机能提供依据.     

淫羊藿苷对炎症痛模型大鼠痛觉调节的影响

为了探究淫羊藿苷对炎症痛大鼠痛觉调节的影响,试验以Wistar大鼠为研究对象,在室温25℃、相对湿度50%条件下,用热板测痛仪和压板测痛仪进行热板和压力测试,测量正常大鼠和炎症痛大鼠对伤害性热刺激和机械刺激引起的后爪缩爪反应潜伏期(HWL),以HWL作为衡量痛觉水平的指标,用所测值为基础值,再将生理盐水和0.01,0.06,0.12 nmol的淫羊藿苷溶液注射到炎症痛大鼠侧脑室,测其不同时间内HWL。结果表明:注射不同浓度淫羊藿苷的各组与生理盐水组比较,差异显著(P0.05),且药效显著的时间为给药后10分钟,药效-时间曲线为钟形曲线。说明淫羊藿苷对炎症痛大鼠具有明显的镇痛作用,存在剂量依赖性。     

β-谷甾醇、淫羊藿苷对猪精子体外获能效果的影响

探讨中药单体成分β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol)、淫羊藿苷(Icariin,Ica)对猪精子体外获能的影响,以期提高体外受精效果.以mTBM+肝素获能液为对照组,分别添加β-谷甾醇、淫羊藿苷的低、中、高3个剂量为试验组,利用金霉素荧光染色(chlortetracycline,CTC)法结合体外受精检验体外获能效果.在mTBM+肝素中添加β-谷甾醇2(中剂量0.08 mg/L)、淫羊藿苷2(中剂量17 mg/L)的B型精子率(获能精子)显著高于对照组和其他剂量组(P＜0.05),F型精子率(未获能精子)显著低于对照组和其他剂量组(P＜0.05),AR型精子率(发生顶体反应精子)与对照组和其他剂量组差异不显著(P0.05),卵裂率和囊胚率均极显著高于对照组和其他剂量组(P＜0.01);表明中药单体成分β-谷甾醇、淫羊藿苷能够显著促进猪精子体外获能效果.     

淫羊藿苷对小鼠骨髓树突状细胞分化及成熟的影响

研究淫羊藿苷(ICA)对小鼠髓源树突状细胞(DC)分化及成熟的影响。小鼠骨髓细胞用GM-NSF和IL-4培养5 d,然后用免疫磁珠法纯化DC细胞,试验组分别加入淫羊藿苷2、5、10和20 mg/m L,空白对照组加等量RPMI-1640,阳性对照组加脂多糖(LPS),6组分别同时作用48 h。流式细胞仪检测CDllc、主要组织相容性复合物(MHC)-Ⅱ类分子及协同刺激分子CD80、CD86表达水平和细胞摄取抗原的能力,ELISA检测产生的细胞因子(IL-2、IL-10、IL-12),混合淋巴细胞反应检测细胞提呈抗原的能力。结果表明:4个添加淫羊藿苷组的CD80、CD86、CDllc、MHC-Ⅱ类分子表达水平均明显高于空白对照组,分泌IL-2、IL-10、IL-12能力比空白对照组增加,吞噬FITC-dextran的能力下降,并可促进同种异基因T细胞的增殖。说明淫羊藿苷可以促进体外培养的小鼠髓源DC的成熟,促进DC诱导的免疫应答启动。     

淫羊藿药理学研究进展

淫羊藿属植物含有多种有效化学成分,具有广泛的药理作用。淫羊藿多糖通过促进免疫细胞增殖来提高机体免疫力,淫羊藿总黄酮对心血管系统具有保护作用,淫羊藿苷能促进体外软骨生长和软骨细胞增殖,淫羊藿总黄酮对基因表达和细胞凋亡有调节作用。文章综述了近年来国内外淫羊藿药理学研究方面的进展。     

淫羊藿对鸡肝脏和胸肌中部分矿物元素含量的影响

为了探讨饮用淫羊藿浓缩物对青脚麻鸡肝脏与胸肌部分矿物元素沉积的影响,试验将400只2周龄青脚麻鸡随机分成4组,每组100只,对照组、淫羊藿低浓度组、淫羊藿中浓度组、淫羊藿高浓度组鸡的饮水中淫羊藿的添加量分别为0 g/L、0.5 g/L、1 g/L、2 g/L,试验期为6周。试验结束时各组随机抽取8只鸡,心脏采血处死,测定肝脏和胸肌中部分矿物元素的含量。结果表明:与对照组比较,淫羊藿各剂量组鸡肝脏中的铁、磷和高浓度组鸡肝脏中镁的含量均极显著下降(P0.01),淫羊藿各剂量组鸡肝脏中的锌和淫羊藿高浓度组鸡肝脏中钙的含量均极显著升高(P0.01);淫羊藿各剂量组鸡胸肌中的铁、锌和淫羊藿中、高浓度组鸡胸肌中钙、镁的含量均极显著或显著升高(P0.01,P0.05),而磷含量均极显著下降(P0.01);钾含量仅淫羊藿高浓度组下降(P0.05)。说明淫羊藿能明显降低鸡肝脏中铁、镁、磷的沉积,而促进锌、钙的沉积;同时促进胸肌中铁、镁、锌、钙的沉积,降低钾、磷的沉积。     

淫羊藿多糖对醋酸铅致生精障碍小鼠的治疗作用

为观察淫羊藿多糖对生精障碍BALB/c小鼠的治疗作用,将印只BALB/c雄性小鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、阳性药物组、淫羊藿多糖高、中、低剂量组,每组10只;除空白组外,其余各组小鼠腹腔注射醋酸铅制备小鼠生精障碍模型。通过灌胃不同浓度淫羊藿多糖及阳性药物维生素E,研究了淫羊藿多糖对生精障碍小鼠精子数量、畸形率、活率,生殖激素水平及睾丸形态的影响。结果:淫羊藿多糖各剂量组能够升高生精障碍小鼠精子密度和精子活率,降低精子畸形率,降低血清卵泡雌激素和黄体生成素水平,升高睾丸组织睾酮含量(P0.01),且各剂量组对生精功能改善作用呈剂量依赖性。形态学观察,淫羊藿多糖可改善小鼠睾丸组织的病理学损害。表明淫羊藿多糖对醋酸铅所致小鼠生精功能的损伤具有治疗作用,作用机制可能与改善或恢复生殖内分泌激素水平有关。     

扶正解毒散中淫羊藿苷的鉴别和含量测定

建立扶正解毒散中淫羊藿苷的薄层鉴别法和含量测定方法;色谱条件:Waters XBrige~(TM)C_(18)柱(4.6 mm×150 mm,5μm),以乙腈∶水(30∶70)为流动相;流速1.0 mL/min;柱温30℃;检测波长270 nm;进样体积10μL。该薄层鉴别方法专属性好,无干扰;淫羊藿苷线性回归方程为Y=3E+06X-64 363(r=0.999 7),淫羊藿苷在0.202 2～2.022 0μg范围内线性关系良好,淫羊藿苷的平均回收率为99.98%(RSD=1.3%)。所建立的方法专属性强,方便操作,结果准确,可用于扶正解毒散中淫羊藿的质量控制和标准提高。     

Comparison of in vitro and in situ methods in evaluation of forage digestibility in ruminants

The objective of this study was to compare the application of different in vitro and in situ methods in empirical and mechanistic predictions of in vivo OM digestibility (OMD) and their associations to near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy spectra for a variety of forages. Apparent in vivo OMD of silages made from alfalfa (n = 2), corn (n = 9), corn stover (n = 2), grass (n = 11), whole crops of wheat and barley (n = 8) and red clover (n = 7), and fresh alfalfa (n = 1), grass hays (n = 5), and wheat straws (n = 5) had previously been determined in sheep. Concentrations of indigestible NDF (iNDF) in all forage samples were determined by a 288-h ruminal in situ incubation. Gas production of isolated forage NDF was measured by in vitro incubations for 72 h. In vitro pepsin-cellulase OM solubility (OMS) of the forages was determined by a 2-step gravimetric digestion method. Samples were also subjected to a 2-step determination of in vitro OMD based on buffered rumen fluid and pepsin. Further, rumen fluid digestible OM was determined from a single 96-h incubation at 38°C. Digestibility of OM from the in situ and the in vitro incubations was calculated according to published empirical equations, which were either forage specific or general (1 equation for all forages) within method. Indigestible NDF was also used in a mechanistic model to predict OMD. Predictions of OMD were evaluated by residual analysis using the GLM procedure in SAS. In vitro OMS in a general prediction equation of OMD did not display a significant forage-type effect on the residuals (observed - predicted OMD; P = 0.10). Predictions of OMD within forage types were consistent between iNDF and the 2-step in vitro method based on rumen fluid. Root mean square error of OMD was least (0.032) when the prediction was based on a general forage equation of OMS. However, regenerating a simple regression for iNDF by omitting alfalfa and wheat straw reduced the root mean square error of OMD to 0.025. Indigestible NDF in a general forage equation predicted OMD without any bias (P ≥ 0.16), and root mean square error of prediction was smallest among all methods when alfalfa and wheat straw samples were excluded. Our study suggests that compared with the in vitro laboratory methods, iNDF used in forage-specific equations will improve overall predictions of forage in vivo OMD. The in vitro and in situ methods performed equally well in calibrations of iNDF or OMD by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy.     

大庆市羊东毕吸虫病流行病学调查

对大庆市羊东毕吸虫病的流行病学进行了调查研究。结果表明，大庆有3种东毕吸虫，即程氏东毕吸虫（O.cheni)、土耳其斯坦东毕吸虫（O.turkestanica)和土耳斯坦东毕吸虫结节变种（O.turkestanican var.thuberculata)；中间宿主螺类有1种，即卵萝卜螺；东毕吸虫病在大庆分布很广，所调查的4区2县均有发生，羊东毕吸虫平均感染率分别为50．33％，平均死亡率为21．12％，大庆羊急性病例发病时间为8月上旬至10月下旬，慢性病例为11月上旬至翌年2月中旬。     

中国圈养野生动物疫苗使用调查

2005年对中国动物园协会单位中的18家动物园饲养野生动物疫苗免疫情况进行调查。受调查动物园在野生动物疫苗使用和动物种类方面具有一定的代表性。调查结果显示动物园动物现共使用18类36种疫苗,预防31种疫病。其中哺乳动物使用14类24种疫苗,预防24种疫病;禽类使用4类12种疫苗,预防7种疫病。使用范围最广的有禽流感、犬瘟热疫苗等、新城疫疫苗、猫瘟热疫苗等。共有24目58科动物接种疫苗,其中食肉动物类1目8科,食草动物类3目9科,杂食动物类2目3科,禽类18目38科。研究结果提示应加强动物园之间疫病信息交流、防疫资源的利用、疫病监测和研究,加大对动物园动物疫病的研究投入,逐步建立动物园动物统一的防疫规程。     

Estimate of economic impact of fowl cholera in turkeys in Georgia in 1986

Information gathered from cases of fowl cholera (FC) in commercial turkey flocks through case records, flock records, and telephone and mail surveys was used to estimate disease costs. The cost to the Georgia commercial turkey industry in 1986 from preventive measures, treatment of outbreaks, and production losses from the disease was estimated at $634,545. The cost of FC per kg of live production was estimated to be $0.015.     

ELISA试验在防制猪伪狂犬病中的应用

猪伪狂犬病是由伪狂病病毒(Pseudorabies virus PRV)引起的急性传染病。其特征是成年猪常为隐性感染，可有流产、死胎、呼吸系统症状，新生仔猪除神经症状外还可侵害消化系统，并伴大批死亡。本病已经给全世界的养猪业造成严重的损失，我国许多地区已报道该病。为进一步探讨该病的控制、净化措施，我们对12个养猪场共856分血清采用美国嗍公司的ELISA试剂盒进行了抗体检测。     

Use of cyclocryotherapy in management of glaucoma in dogs

In 5 cases of glaucoma (2 from trauma, 2 from narrowed drainage angles, 1 secondary to lens extraction), cyclocryotherapy was used to control intraocular pressure. In all cases the intraocular pressure decreased, with the usual result being a cosmetic and painless but blind eye.     

Occurrence of MRSA in pigs and in humans involved in pig production--preliminary results of a study in the northwest of Germany

In 2007, 678 pigs of all age groups out of 347 different farms from Lower Saxony and Northrhine-Westphalia and 86 persons occupationally exposed to pigs were investigated for their nasal colonisation with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus areus (MRSA) by the Field Station for Epidemiology of the University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover and the Robert Koch-Institute. At the individual animal level, a frequency of positive results of 13% (n = 85 positive animals) and at the herd level, a frequency of positive results of 18% (n = 62 positive herds) were found. All isolates were assigned to the Multilocus Sequence Typing Type ST398. Within MRSA-positive herds, there were more MRSA-negative than MRSA-positive animals. Among the occupationally exposed persons (veterinarians, laboratory personnel and meat inspection personnel), 20 persons (23%) showed a nasal colonisation with MRSA ST398. A quite strong association between the intensity of the contact to pigs with the frequency of nasal colonisation in the occupationally exposed persons was detected. None of the animals or the humans nasally colonised by MRSA ST398 showed any clinical symptoms of a staphylococcal infection. Conclusions are drawn on the herd and intra-herd prevalence of the nasal colonisation of pigs with MRSA ST398 in pigs, but especially on which questions need to be addressed by further research.     

2017年西藏拉萨市家禽禽流感抗体水平检测

为了解西藏拉萨市家禽禽流感抗体水平,2017年8月随机选择免疫过H5禽流感疫苗的8个规模养殖场、2个散养户、3个活禽交易市场,共13个群体,采集1 041份家禽血清样品进行H5、H7、H9亚型禽流感HI抗体检测。结果显示：H5亚型禽流感免疫抗体合格率为45.73%,H7、H9亚型抗体阳性率分别为21.13%、52.64%;养殖场、散养户和活禽交易市场的不同亚型抗体水平存在较大差异,规模化养殖场的H7亚型抗体阳性率最高（29.92%）,活禽市场的H5、H9亚型阳性率最高（78.16%、79.31%）,散养户的所有亚型抗体阳性率均最低。结果表明,拉萨市H5亚型禽流感疫苗免疫效果较差,特别是散养户,疫病发生风险较高,H7、H9亚型疑似自然感染率较高,应进一步查明原因,及时采取相应的措施,防止疫情发生。