牙鲆SRF基因的克隆及真核表达载体的构建

采用RACE-PCR技术,从牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)组织中克隆了血清应答因子(SRF)基因全长序列,该序列全长2 477 bp,开放阅读框1 503 bp,编码500个氨基酸。通过氨基酸同源序列比对,牙鲆SRF与其它物种的同源性较高,在氨基酸序列的N端具有NLS结构域和高度保守的MADS结构域。用PCR方法扩增SRF基因的编码区片段,克隆到p EGFP-N1载体中,构建真核表达载体p EGFP-N1-SRF,将重组质粒转染牙鲆胚胎细胞,在荧光显微镜下观察转染细胞有绿色荧光蛋白表达。荧光定量PCR和Western blot实验进一步证实,SRF在转染细胞中高表达。说明真核表达载体p EGFP-N1-SRF构建成功,为进一步研究SRF在牙鲆变态发育中的作用奠定了实验基础。     

牙鲆中 Dicer 基因的鉴定与表达

通过PCR技术,从牙鲆(Paralichtys olvaceus)总RNA中克隆了牙鲆Dicer基因序列,该序列全长6 585bp,包括5 691 bp的开放阅读框,编码1 896个氨基酸。在多个物种间的蛋白序列对比中,牙鲆Dicer与其它物种的同源性平均高达78%,与尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)同源性最高达到89%;在进化树分析中,牙鲆Dicer与其它鱼类Dicer聚集一支。荧光定量PCR显示,牙鲆Dicer基因在牙鲆大脑里的表达最高。同样的,在牙鲆胚胎和仔鱼早期发育阶段里也发现了相对高水平的Dicer mRNA表达。在用甲状腺激素(TH)处理过程中发现,牙鲆Dicer基因在用TH处理后17 dph的表达最高。本研究预测了牙鲆Dicer在牙鲆发育和变态过程中扮演的重要角色,为进一步阐明Dicer在牙鲆变态发育中的功能奠定了基础。     

镜鲤△6脂肪酸脱氢酶CDNA的克隆与表达

利用RT-PCR和RACE方法克隆得到镜鲤Cyprinus carpio肝脏中高不饱和脂肪酸(HUFA)合成代谢的脂肪酸去饱和酶(△6FAD)基因c DNA全序列。结果表明:镜鲤△6FAD基因c DNA全长为1 446bp,开放阅读框(ORF)为1 332bp,编码444个氨基酸。编码的蛋白序列包含FAD全部特征结构区,包括1个细胞色素b5结构域、2个跨膜区和3个组氨酸簇,与其他鱼类的Δ6FAD氨基酸序列具有69.0%~92.0%的同源性。系统树分析显示:与斑马鱼Danio rerio的亲缘关系最近。实时荧光定量PCR(RT-q PCR)检测发现:脂肪酸延长酶基因在镜鲤肝脏中表达量最高,背部肌次之,在血液中表达最低。本研究结果为进一步研究镜鲤HUFA的合成途径及调控机理提供了基础资料。     

草鱼小肽转运载体PepT1基因的克隆与表达特征

采用同源克隆和RACE技术克隆草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)PepT1基因的全长cDNA序列。该cDNA全长为2 762 bp,包含141 bp的5′UTR序列,479 bp的3′UTR序列,2 142 bp开放阅读框,编码713个氨基酸;草鱼与鲫(Carassius auratus)、斑马鱼(Danio rerio)的核苷酸同源性分别为77.6%和74.0%,氨基酸同源性分别为78.0%和76.7%;与其他物种的核苷酸同源性为53.9%～59.1%,而氨基酸的同源性为57.2%～61.8%。经预测,其编码蛋白的分子量为79.29 kD,等电点为5.87,该蛋白具有与哺乳动物十分相似的11个螺旋跨膜结构,跨膜区氨基酸高度保守;系统进化分析表明,草鱼PepT1基因与鲫鱼和斑马鱼的亲缘关系最近;利用Real-time PCR技术检测了该基因的时空表达,结果显示,PepT1在草鱼前肠组织表达量最高,其次是肌肉组织;草鱼出膜7 d后PepT1 mRNA表达量相对稳定;昼夜节律研究发现,肠道PepT1基因夜间的表达量较白天高。本研究旨在为小肽转运载体PepT1介导肠道转运小肽调控草鱼对饲料蛋白消化吸收的分子机理提供理论基础。     

草鱼APN基因的克隆及表达特征

氨肽酶N(APN)是肽酶M1家族的成员之一,在蛋白质的消化中发挥重要作用。采用同源克隆和RACE技术首次克隆草鱼APN基因的全长cDNA序列。该cDNA全长为3258bp,包含27bp的5UTR序列,552bp的3UTR序列,2679bp开放阅读框,编码892个氨基酸;草鱼与斑马鱼基因同源性和编码氨基酸同源性分别为81.5%和75.4%,与其他动物同源性分别为58.8%～61.2%和54.3%～60.2%。经预测,其编码蛋白的分子量为100.61ku,等电点为5.14,该蛋白具有与哺乳动物十分相似的1个螺旋跨膜结构,但跨膜区氨基酸同源性较低;系统进化分析表明,草鱼APN基因与斑马鱼的亲缘关系最近;利用Real-timePCR技术检测了该基因的发育表达,结果显示草鱼出膜4d后APNmRNA表达量相对稳定;APN在草鱼前肠、中肠和后肠均有较高的表达量,以前肠组织表达量最高;昼夜节律研究发现,肠道APN基因06:00-18:00的表达量较18:00-06:00高。     

中间球海胆Y-box基因分子特性和表达分析

为获得Y-box蛋白在中间球海胆的生物学功能,实验克隆了中间球海胆Y-box基因的全长cDNA,并进行了定量表达模式分析.Y-box基因全长cDNA为2 425 bp,该序列具有一个81 bp的5’非编码区,1 348 bp 3’非编码区,ORF为996 bp,cDNA编码331个氨基酸的前体蛋白,预测蛋白分子质量为37.4 ku,理论等电点是8.55,属于亲水性蛋白.中间球海胆Y-box前体蛋白的氨基酸序列包含3个结构域:氨基酸N末端,亲水结构域C末端和冷休克结构域(cold shock domain CSD),其中CSD区为Y-box蛋白家族中保守结构域.海胆Y-box蛋白质二级结构中无规则卷曲占88.22％,延伸链占9.97％,α-螺旋1.98％,无β-折叠.氨基酸序列与其他物种氨基酸序列的同源性为22.37％～41.26％,在保守结构域CSD区同源性达到75％以上.实时定量PCR检测,Y-box基因在中间球海胆体腔液、管足、围口膜、雄性性腺、雌性性腺、肌肉和肠7个不同组织中均有表达,但差异不显著.温度胁迫下,中间球海胆Y-box基因的表达均表现为下调,并且随着温度的升高,Y-box基因的表达量呈现逐渐下降的趋势.     

牙鲆dazl基因的克隆与表达分析

dazl(deleted in azoospermia-like)基因是多种物种精子发生的重要调控因子,为探讨该基因在牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)性腺发育分化中的作用,本研究采用同源克隆和RACE技术克隆了牙鲆dazl基因的cDNA序列,利用生物信息学方法分析了其序列结构,并利用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测了该基因在牙鲆成体组织和早期发育阶段的表达情况。结果发现:牙鲆dazl cDNA序列全长2 031 bp,包括105 bp的5'端非翻译区,1 275 bp的3'端非翻译区和编码217个氨基酸残基的651 bp开放阅读框;氨基酸同源序列比对显示该序列存在一个高度保守的RRM(RNA recognition motif)结构域,且该结构域在鱼类中具有100%的序列一致性;荧光定量PCR结果显示dazl基因主要在牙鲆性腺中表达,且在精巢中的表达高于卵巢;在牙鲆早期发育阶段,dazl基因在未受精卵、受精卵及囊胚期均有较高的转录本,而在原肠胚期表达开始降低,至孵化后3 d一直保持较低的水平,这些丰富表达的母源性dazl mRNA可能参与了胚胎发育中原始生殖细胞的形成。本研究为进一步阐明dazl基因在牙鲆生殖发育中的功能奠定了基础。     

鳜免疫球蛋白 D 重链基因的克隆与表达分析

用RACE-PCR和RT-PCR方法获得鳜(Siniperca chuatsi)膜结合型免疫球蛋白D(Membrane-bounded IgD,mIgD)重链基因的全长cDNA序列。鳜mIgD的cDNA全长为3358bp,其5l非编码区包含30bp,3l非编码区包含337bp;开放阅读框包含2991bp,编码996个氨基酸,基因结构为VDJ-μ1-δ1-δ2-δ3-δ4-δ5-δ6-δ7-TM。鱼类IgD恒定区氨基酸序列比对结果显示,鳜mIgD存在半胱氨酸和色氨酸保守位点,与其他鱼类IgD的相似性在37%～72%之间。用邻接法(Neighbor Joining)构建的鱼类免疫球蛋白基因的系统发育树表明,鱼类IgD形成独立的一支,鳜mIgD与牙鲆和庸鲽IgD聚为一支。荧光定量PCR结果显示,鳜mIgD的mRNA主要分布于外周血白细胞、胸腺、头肾、中肾和脾脏中。     

淇河鲫IL-8 cDNA克隆及组织表达分析

IL-8是最早发现的趋化因子,属于CXC亚家族,与鱼类非特异性免疫水平关系密切。实验采用同源克隆和cDNA末端快速扩增(RACE)方法,从淇河鲫总RNA反转录产物中获得了641 bp IL-8cDNA序列,其中包含102 bp的5’非编码区,242 bp的3’非编码区和297 bp的开放阅读框。该基因编码由98个氨基酸残基组成的前体蛋白,前22个氨基酸残基为信号肽。肽链中含有4个保守半胱氨酸,前2个半胱氨酸被1个精氨酸分隔,形成CXC结构。第一个半胱氨酸前缺乏ELR基序,其组成是DPR。由氨基酸同源性分析和进化分析可知,淇河鲫IL-8与鲤、鳙、草鱼、鲢等鲤科鱼类的进化关系较近,与鲤IL-8的同源性最高(94%)。通过实时荧光定量PCR检测,淇河鲫IL-8在被检测的8个组织中都有表达,其中在肌肉中的表达量最高,其次为脾脏、头肾和脑等。研究结果对调控淇河鲫非特异性免疫能力,提高淇河鲫健康养殖水平具有一定参考价值。     

04斜带石斑鱼干扰素调节因子 1 基因的克隆及其原核表达

对斜带石斑鱼(Epinephelus coioides)的干扰素调节因子1(Interferon regulatory factor 1,IRF-1)基因进行了克隆、测序及原核表达.以PBS做对照,利用polvI:C刺激斜带石斑鱼,然后取其肝脏、头肾、脾脏提取总RNA,随机引物反转录获得cDNA.根据相近物种IRF-1的保守序列设计引物,通过PCR得到了保守片段,通过RACE-PCR获得了斜带石斑鱼IRF-1基因的全长cDNA.基因全长为1 730 hp,完整开放阅读框(ORF)906 bp,编码302个氨基酸,5'非编码区153 bp,3'非编码区671 bp.将斜带石斑鱼ORF与其他物种进行比对发现,与海鳜(Siniperca chuatsi)同源性最高,为85%.将根据斜带石斑鱼IRF-1 ORF推测的氨基酸序列与其他物种进行比对,发现斜带石斑鱼与海鳜同源性为90%,与金头鲷(Sparus aurat)为88%,与乌鳢(Channa argus)为86%,与大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)为82%.利用ORF序列,构建原核重组表达质粒.重组质粒经PCR、酶切鉴定及测序验证后转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),经IPTG诱导,重组蛋白成功表达,表达蛋白的分子量约55 kD.诱导温度为30℃时,重组蛋白以可溶性蛋白和包涵体2种形式存在.     

Anguilla huangi Teng, Lin, and Tzeng, 2009, is a junior synonym of Anguilla luzonensis Watanabe, Aoyama, and Tsukamoto, 2009

Anguilla luzonensis and A. huangi were each described in 2009 using eels obtained from northern Luzon Island. We examined the taxonomic status of these two groups of eels using morphological and molecular genetic characters. There were no significant differences in two vertebrae counts between eels of A. luzonensis and A. huangi. Mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA and cytochrome b genes sequences were obtained and compared among 28 specimens of A. luzonensis, the holotypes of A. luzonensis and A. huangi, and one specimen of the other 15 anguillid species. The specimens of A. luzonensis exhibited almost identical sequences, including the holotype, with only a few site differences, and the genetic difference between the holotypes of A. luzonensis and A. huangi was within the range of differences of specimens of A. luzonensis. The other anguillid species were genetically very different from A. luzonensis and A. huangi, although A. interioris is a closely related species. It is clear that A. luzonensis and A. huangi are the same species, and according to the principle of priority in zoological nomenclature, A. luzonensis Watanabe, Aoyama, and Tsukamoto, 2009 is the valid species name, and A. huangi Teng, Lin, and Tzeng, 2009 is a junior synonym of A. luzonensis.     

Atlantic Fisheries Technological Conference,Moncton, NB,August 21, 1995

No abstract available for this article.     

Effects of Mosquitofish,Gambusia affinis,on Channel Catfish,Ictalurus puncatatus,Production Ponds

Mosquitofish, Gambusia sp., have been spread throughout the world to biologically control mosquitoes. However, the fish has gained a reputation as an invasive species and has been implicated in displacing native aquatic species. Gambusia affinis are native to the southeastern United States and commonly occur in commercial channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, production ponds. We investigated effects of mosquitofish presence on zooplankton populations, water quality, disease occurrence, and fish production in experimental ponds. There were no differences between ponds with or without mosquitofish in numbers of calanoid copepods, cyclopoid copepods, total copepods, Bosmina sp., Ceriodaphnia sp., Moina sp., Daphnia sp., or total cladocerans. There were also no differences in copepod and cladoceran sizes. Copepod nauplii were more numerous during the summer months in ponds with mosquitofish. There were no differences in water quality variables (soluble reactive phosphorus, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, pH) or phytoplankton density between ponds stocked with and without mosquitofish. Catfish production and disease occurrence were also similar between ponds with and without mosquitofish. Although mosquitofish may cause problems when stocked outside their native range, there does not appear to be any adverse effects of mosquitofish presence in catfish production ponds.     

Age,growth, maturity and the overfishing of the iconic sciaenid,Argyrosomus japonicus,in south-eastern,Australia

Mulloway (Argyrosomus japonicus) occur in estuarine and coastal waters surrounding Australia, Africa, India, Pakistan, China, Korea and Japan, where they are important in fisheries. This study identified that mulloway in south-eastern Australia had similar growth rates, but matured at smaller lengths and younger ages, to those in South Africa and Western Australia. Growth of both sexes was similar to about 5 years, after which females grew faster and attained a greater maximum length than males. Female mulloway matured at 4–5 years of age with a L₅₀ of 68 cm, whereas males matured at 2–3 years of age with a L₅₀ of 51 cm. The commercial fishery in New South Wales was characterised by declining catches and a reduction in the proportion of mulloway of mature lengths in landings. During 2002–2005 commercial landings were dominated (83%) by fish within 15 cm of the current minimum legal total length of 45 cm and aged 2 and 3 years (>80%), even though mulloway can attain lengths of 200 cm and live >30 years. Estimates of the rates of instantaneous total mortality ranged between 0.34 and 0.45, whilst the rate of instantaneous natural mortality (M) was estimated to be approximately 0.12. Yield-per-recruit analyses indicated that mulloway in New South Wales are being growth overfished and substantial increases in yield could be achieved by increasing the length at first harvest. Values of the spawning potential ratio were below 0.2 under a range of mortality estimates, suggesting that mulloway are at risk of recruitment overfishing. These results suggest that the spawning stock of mulloway in south-eastern Australia has been depleted and that remedial management action is required to protect this iconic species.     

Compositional differences,antioxidant activity,angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition,and sensory characteristics of kamaboko fermented in wheat,rice, brown rice,and soybean koji

Fisheries Science - Fermentation of kamaboko in koji with wheat (KW), rice (KR), brown rice (KB), or soybean (KS) was performed by simulation of tofuyo processing. Moisture and protein content...     

Sperm Motilities in Waigieu Seaperch,Psammoperca waigiensis: Effects of Various Dilutions,pH, Temperature,Osmolality, and Cations

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of varying dilutions, pH, temperature, osmolality, and cations on sperm motility parameters in waigieu seaperch, Psammoperca waigiensis. The maximum velocity of average in path (VAP), percentage of motile cells (MOT), and duration of sperm motility (DSM) were observed when semen was diluted in artificial seawater (ASW) at a ratio of 1:100 (144.9 ± 0.6 µm/sec, 95.6 ± 0.4%, and 230.3 ± 2.3 sec, respectively), at 30 C (142.0 ± 0.6 µm/sec, 93.6 ± 0.4%, and 238.3 ± 0.9 sec, respectively), and pH 8 (144.8 ± 0.6 µm/sec, 93.3 ± 0.4%, and 234.0 ± 1.5 sec, respectively). Maximum VAP, MOT, and DSM were obtained in each solution containing 0.6 M NaCl (143.8 ± 1.0 µm/sec, 91.3 ± 2.0%, and 230.6 ± 4.2 sec, respectively), 0.6 M KCl (135.1 ± 3.1 µm/sec, 91.1 ± 3.1%, and 230.3 ± 3.7sec, respectively), 0.2M CaCl₂ (105.3 ± 4.7μm/sec, 47.9 ± 2.7%, and 120.7 ± 1.3 sec, respectively), 0.2 M MgCl₂ (107.3 ± 3.0 m/s, 42.1 ± 3.3%, and 120.3 ± 4.8 sec, respectively), and osmolality of 400 mOsm/kg (145.1 ± 2.5 µm/sec, 93.0 ± 2.1%, and 346.5 ± 4.4s, respectively). We used these mediums as artificial insemination media for fertilizing matured eggs. The results showed that the fertilization and hatching rates in 0.6 M NaCl (75.3 ± 0.6% and 57.0 ± 2.4%, respectively), ASW (70.8 ± 1.2% and 51.2 ± 1.8%, respectively), or 400 mOsm/kg (72.9 ± 1.8% and 55.3 ± 1.6%, respectively) were higher than that in seawater (63.9 ± 1.2% and 39.2 ± 3.9%, respectively). In conclusion, using 0.6 M NaCl, ASW, or 400 mOsm/kg as an artificial insemination medium is effective for fertilizing of waigieu seaperch.     

Surface disinfection of Pacific threadfin, Polydactylus sexfilis, and amberjack, Seriola rivoliana, eggs

The effects of exposing the eggs of Pacific threadfin and amberjack eggs (AEs) to different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide for 5 min on hatch rate and survival were assessed in a series of experiments using a petri dish model rearing system. Despite significant inter‐batch variation in hatch rate, it was shown that eggs of both species could be safely exposed to up to 11 340 mg L⁻¹ H₂O₂ for 5 min. Exposure to 34 230 mg L⁻¹ H₂O₂ for 5 min was shown to be lethal to AEs at a late stage of development. In two further experiments, it was demonstrated that Pacific threadfin eggs were resistant to all tested concentrations of a range of polyvinylpyrrolidone iodine (PVP‐I) concentrations and contact times (up to 1000 mg L⁻¹ PVP‐I for 10 min). The level of bacteria adhering to the eggs of both species was highly variable. Where eggs were heavily colonized (>10⁴ cfu egg⁻¹), hydrogen peroxide concentrations of at least 11 340 mg L⁻¹, or PVP‐I concentrations higher than 500 mg L⁻¹ for 10 min, were required for effective sterilization. In less colonized batches, rinsing in sterile seawater or exposure to lower (550 mg L⁻¹) concentrations of H₂O₂ was sufficient to result in high apparent levels of surface sterility (<1 cfu egg⁻¹).     

Operating parameters affecting biofloc technology: carbon source,carbon/nitrogen ratio,feeding regime,stocking density,salinity, aeration,and microbial community manipulation

Aquaculture International - The world population continues to increase day by day. Therefore, aquaculture needs to grow in order to response the need for protein foods and to cope with the problem...