阿奇霉素不同途径给药治疗仔猪支原体肺炎的效果对比观察

目的:探究分析阿奇霉素不同途径给药治疗仔猪支原体肺炎的治疗效果。方法:选取80头病猪,随机分为雾化给药组、静脉注射组、肌肉注射组、阿奇霉素混饲组,每组20头。观察分析每组病猪的治疗效果及不良反应情况。结果:雾化吸入组的治疗总有效率100%显著高于静脉注射的治疗总有效率95%、组肌肉注射组的治疗总有效率85%、阿奇霉素混饲组的治疗总有效率80%(P0.05);静脉注射组不良反应发生率20%和肌肉注射组的不良反应发生率25%显著高于雾化给药组不良反应发生率5%和阿奇霉素混饲组的不良反应发生率5%(P0.05),具有统计学意义。结论:阿奇霉素采用雾化吸入途径给药治疗仔猪支原体肺炎的效果最为理想,而且不良反应少。     

硫酸头孢喹肟注射液对仔猪传染性胸膜肺炎的临床疗效试验

将硫酸头孢喹肟注射液分为高、中、低(4、2、1mg/kg体重)3个剂量组分别肌肉注射治疗仔猪传染性胸膜肺炎,同时设头孢噻呋冻干粉对照组,按3 mg/kg体重给药,一日一次,连用3天。结果表明,硫酸头孢喹肟注射液3个剂量组和阳性对照组(头孢噻呋冻干粉对照组)对仔猪传染性胸膜肺炎均有明显的治疗效果,有效率及相对增重率显著高于阴性对照组(P＜0.01);硫酸头孢喹肟注射液高、中剂量组的有效率及相对增重率显著高于硫酸头孢喹肟注射液低剂量组和阳性对照组((P＜0.01)。人工感染治疗试验结果表明硫酸头孢喹肟注射液按每1kg体重2mg肌注,一日一次,连用3天,对仔猪传染性胸膜肺炎有良好的治疗效果。     

磷酸替米考星对肺炎支原体自然感染猪的治疗试验

为了评价磷酸替米考星对仔猪自然感染肺炎支原体的治疗效果,选取支原体肺炎患猪,10%磷酸替米考星可溶性粉混饮给药,每日1次,连用7 d,通过检测各组受试猪死亡率、治愈率、有效率、增重效果、感染仔猪的肺部病变评分等指标对受试药物的临床治疗效果进行研究。结果显示:10%磷酸替米考星可溶性粉80 mg/L剂量组治愈率最佳,与其他2个药物治疗组相比差异显著(P0.05);药物治疗有效率10%磷酸替米考星可溶性粉80 mg/L剂量组最高,但3个药物治疗组之间差异不显著(P0.05);10%磷酸替米考星可溶性粉60~80 mg/L能有效改善猪群相对增重率(P0.05),但仍显著低于健康猪群(P0.05);10%磷酸替米考星可溶性粉60~80 mg/L剂量组、10%替米考星可溶性粉组均可明显降低病猪肺脏病变评分(P0.05)。结果表明:60~80 mg/L剂量的10%磷酸替米考星可溶性粉饮水治疗猪自然感染肺炎支原体的效果显著,且治疗效果与10%替米考星可溶性粉相当。     

头孢噻呋混悬剂治疗人工感染仔猪传染性胸膜肺炎的效果观察

将头孢噻呋混悬剂分为高、中、低(10、5、2.5 mg/kg体重)3个剂量组分别肌肉注射治疗仔猪传染性胸膜肺炎,每36 h用药1次,连用2次;同时设头孢噻呋钠注射液对照组,按10 mg/kg体重给药,2次/d,连用3 d。结果表明,头孢噻呋混悬剂3个剂量组和头孢噻呋钠注射液对照组对仔猪传染性胸膜肺炎均有明显的治疗效果,成活率可达80％～100％,极显著高于感染对照组(P<0.01)。头孢噻呋混悬剂中、高剂量组成活率极显著高于头孢噻呋混悬剂低剂量组及头孢噻呋钠注射液组 (P<0.01)。本试验结果表明,头孢噻呋混悬剂能减少胸膜肺炎放线杆菌人工感染引起的临床症状,降低死亡率。作为注射剂治疗仔猪传染性胸膜肺炎,以5～10 mg/kg体重的剂量为佳。      

盐酸克林霉素对猪链球菌病的治疗效果研究

摘要：为探讨盐酸克林霉素对猪链球菌病的治疗效果,本研究选用人工感染猪链球菌病的100头杜洛克、长白、约克夏三元杂交仔猪,将其随机分成5组,分别分为攻毒对照组、A组、B组、C组、D组,每组20头,另取20头健康仔猪作为健康对照组,每组分4个重复,每个重复5头,A组用阿莫西林注射液治疗,B组用青霉素钾注射液治疗,C组用恩诺沙星注射液治疗,D组用盐酸克林霉素治疗,整个治疗观察期为期15 d。结果显示,A组、B组、C组、D组药物均对猪链球菌病有治疗作用;A组、B组、C组和D组相比B组和C组的仔猪死亡率显著高于A组和D组(P<0.05);A组和D组药物的有效率显著高于对照组(P<0.05);D组的仔猪增重显著高于A组、B组、C组(P<0.05);D组仔猪增重率极显著高于A组、B组、C组(P<0.01),B组、C组的仔猪增重率显著高于A组(P<0.05)。综上所述D组的盐酸克林霉素在治疗猪链球菌上的效果优于阿莫西林、青霉素钾和恩诺沙星。     

哺乳期母猪口服诺氟沙星治疗仔猪白痢的效果观察

分别给37头、39头、38头、38头仔猪白痢病猪肌肉注射硫酸庆大霉素、痢菌净、士霉素、盐酸诺氟沙星,109头仔猪的哺乳母猪口服诺氟沙星,连用3 d。肌肉注射给药的4个组,治愈率不高于82.1%,差异不显著(P0.05)。第5组,哺乳母猪口服诺氟沙星,仔猪白痢的治愈率最高,为88.0%,与其他4组相比,差异显著(P0.05)。所以,做好仔猪的保暖,加强环境卫生,母猪口服诺氟沙星,可有效预防和治疗仔猪白痢。     

苦白石颗粒治疗仔猪白痢实验性临床试验

为评价苦白石颗粒对仔猪白痢的治疗效果,选取85头7日龄~21日龄自然患白痢的仔猪进行临床试验研究。设苦白石颗粒高、中、低剂量组,苦参止痢颗粒组,感染对照组和空白对照组。各试验组病例于用药前进行肠道致病性病原菌的分离鉴定,开始给药及连续给药5 d后,根据症候分级标准和疗效判断标准,观察、记录猪的临床症状和体重。结果显示,从25份检测样品中分离出23株大肠埃希菌,其中2株O157、2株O55和1株O44,对小鼠有致病力;用药5 d后,苦白石颗粒高、中、低剂量组和苦参止痢颗粒药物对照组仔猪的症候积分均显著低于感染对照组(P<0.05),与空白对照组差异不显著(P>0.05);苦白石颗粒高、中、低剂量组和苦参止痢颗粒药物对照组仔猪的平均增重显著高于感染对照组(P<0.05),中剂量组仔猪的平均增重显著高于空白对照组(P<0.05);苦白石颗粒高、中剂量组的治愈率为85%,低剂量组治愈率为80%,均高于苦参止痢颗粒的75%。结果表明,苦白石颗粒中剂量组对仔猪白痢具有较好的治疗效果。     

替米考星对仔猪呼吸道感染的疗效试验

进行了替米考星对仔猪呼吸道感染的疗效试验,并与泰乐菌素、支炎净、氟苯尼考、克林霉素进行比较。替米考星治疗组仔猪死亡率、有效率、治愈率分别为5.88%、94.12%和88.23%,经统计学分析,效果显著优于对照组(P<0.01);替米考星预防组仔猪发病率、死亡率、有效率和15 d增重分别为4.76%、0、100%和(5.65±1.25)kg,经统计学分析,有效率、治愈率和相对增重显著高于对照组(P<0.01),仔猪发病率、死亡率明显低于对照组(P<0.01)。试验结果表明,替米考星对仔猪呼吸道感染疗效显著,具有临床使用和推广价值。     

西藏林芝地区藏猪肺炎支原体感染情况的调查

为调查西藏林芝地区藏猪支原体感染情况,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)对林芝地区454份藏猪血清样品进行测定,发现林芝地区藏猪支原体肺炎总阳性率为72.69%,林芝县藏猪血清阳性率高于米林县和工布江达县,雌性藏猪血清阳性率高于雄性,且不同生长阶段藏猪血清阳性率差异显著(P0.05),其中仔猪血清阳性率最高。说明西藏林芝地区藏猪肺炎支原体感染率相对较高,可为藏猪支原体性肺炎防控提供依据。     

猪支原体肺炎活疫苗经肌肉注射的免疫效果评价

猪支原体肺炎活疫苗(168株)是一种以肺内注射途径免疫的弱毒活疫苗。为了拓展猪支原体肺炎活疫苗的免疫途径,评估猪支原体肺炎活疫苗(168株)配合佐剂以肌肉注射方式免疫猪群后的攻毒保护效果,选取20头7日龄猪肺炎支原体(Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae,Mhp)阴性仔猪,将其随机平均分成4组,分别为健康对照组、感染对照组、肌肉注射免疫组和肺内注射免疫组。在免疫后采集血样并检测其中的Mhp IgG抗体,在首次免疫后42 d人工感染Mhp组织毒(JS株),攻毒28 d后评估肺脏的病变情况并测定支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中的Mhp含量。结果显示：免疫后肌肉注射免疫组动物产生了明显的Mhp特异性血清IgG抗体,而肺内注射免疫组动物在攻毒前未见明显的血清抗体;肌肉注射免疫组和肺内注射免疫组的攻毒保护率分别平均为88.89%和75.93%,且组间无显著性差异;感染对照组的BALF中Mhp单位含量极显著高于肌肉注射免疫组和肺内注射免疫组(P<0.01),2个免疫组间无显著性差异。结果表明：猪支原体活疫苗配合佐剂后经肌肉注射免疫可产生较好的免疫攻毒保护效果。本研究为猪支原体肺炎活...     

复方泰乐菌素注射液防治猪气喘病的疗效观察

通过复方泰乐菌素注射液对仔猪气喘病例的治疗来评价复方泰乐菌素注射液对防治猪气喘病的应用效果,为临床使用提供依据。结果表明:复方泰乐菌素注射液治疗猪气喘病的效果明显,推荐剂量按体重0.1mL/kg肌肉注射。     

Pharmacokinetics and tissue tolerance of azithromycin after intramuscular administration to rabbits

The pharmacokinetics of azithromycin after intravenous and intramuscular injection at a single dose rate of 10mg/kg bodyweight were investigated in rabbits by using a modified agar diffusion bioassay for determining plasma concentrations. The plasma creatine kinase activity was determined after i.m. administration for the evaluation of the tissue tolerance. The elimination half-lives of azithromycin after intravenous and intramuscular administration were 24.1 and 25.1h, respectively. After intramuscular administration mean peak plasma concentration was 0.26+/-0.01 mg/L and bioavailability was 97.7%. Plasma CK activity rose sharply within 8h after i.m. injection of azithromycin; activity returned to pre-treatment level by 48-72 h post-treatment. The transient rise in serum CK activity indicates some degree of muscle tissue damage at the injection site.     

Evaluation of tiamulin for treatment of mycoplasmal pneumonia in swine

During 3 trials, using affected pigs of various ages, tiamulin was evaluated for treatment of experimentally induced mycoplasmal pneumonia. Pneumonia was induced in respiratory tract disease-free swine by intratracheal inoculation of a lung homogenate containing Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Eleven days after inoculation, when more than 20% of pigs were coughing, pigs were allotted to 3 or 4 groups (n = 8 pigs each) and were given regimens of no medication or 60 mg, 120 mg, or 180 mg of tiamulin/L of drinking water for 10 days. Twenty-one days after cessation of medication, pigs were euthanatized and then were necropsied. Results obtained from the 3 trials did not indicate significant difference among treatment groups in severity of macroscopic or microscopic lesions induced by M hyopneumoniae or in detection of M hyopneumoniae by use of immunofluorescent technique. Clinical evaluations, daily gain, and feed efficiency did not differ significantly among treatment groups. In this study, tiamulin administration did not have beneficial effects in swine with mycoplasmal pneumonia.     

伪狂犬病毒变异株（JS-2012）对仔猪的致病性研究

本实验室2012年从江苏省太仓市某发病猪场分离到1株变异的伪狂犬病毒,命名为JS-2012。为了研究该分离株对仔猪的致病性,将12头15日龄的伪狂犬病毒阴性仔猪随机分为3组,其中2组（每组5头猪）分别通过肌肉注射和滴鼻接种JS-2012毒,第3组2头猪做空白对照。接种病毒的仔猪在攻毒后24 h体温均开始升高,4 d后开始死亡,死亡率为100%。临床观察发现,滴鼻组仔猪发病死亡明显快于肌肉注射组。对病死猪进行剖解,均可见大脑血管扩张并出血等典型的伪狂犬病病理变化。病理切片显示猪的脑蛛网膜下腔严重出血,其他各脏器也均有严重病理变化。结果表明该变异株JS-2012为伪狂犬强毒毒株。     

山梨醇铁注射液预防仔猪缺铁性贫血和促进生长的研究

采用四种补铁制剂于仔省3日龄时分别一次肌肉注射,测定血红点白含量、增重等指标,研究山梨醇铁及其它类似制剂对预防仔猪贫血及促进生长的影响。试验结果表明:①各用药组仔猪各项指标均高于对照组;②福铁维组和100mg Fe/ml山梨醇铁组仔猪的血红蛋白含量升高及增重都极显著地高于对照组(P<0.01),期末增重比值分别达到135.04％与119.02％;③100mg Fe/ml山梨醇铁注射液吸收良好,无毒副作用,对预防仔猪缺铁性贫血及促进生长有较明显的效果,优于国内同类产品。     

复方恩诺沙星注射液对人工诱发猪气喘病的治疗效果研究

复方恩诺沙星注射液能有效控制猪气喘病感染,缓解症状,降低支原体感染猪的发病率和死亡率,并在一定程度上减少成活猪的体重下降,效果优于单方的恩诺沙星注射液和磺胺嘧啶钠注射液,在临床上有一定的实用价值。作者采用 0.04、0.08、0.12 mL/kg体重的2.5%复方恩诺沙星注射液分别对人工诱发猪气喘病进行肌肉注射治疗,结果表明,肌肉注射0.08 mL/kg体重复方恩诺沙星效果较好。     

延胡索酸泰妙菌素对猪支原体肺炎的临床疗效实验

为了研究延胡索酸泰妙菌素对猪支原体肺炎的临床疗效,选用体重90 kg左右的2月龄健康杜洛克长白杂交猪,通过建立疾病模型和疗效评价指标判别延胡索酸泰妙菌素的治疗效果。结果表明,按1000 kg饲料添加100 g或200 g延胡索酸泰妙菌素,可以显著减轻感染猪的临床症状和病理变化,提高猪的增重,其效果优于磷酸泰乐菌素预混剂。     

Clinical evaluation of intradermal vaccination against porcine enzootic pneumonia (Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae)

The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of single-dose intradermal vaccination against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae on a commercial swine unit. A total of 1051 healthy suckling piglets of 28±3 days of age were randomly assigned to one of three experimental groups: (a) intradermal: 346 piglets vaccinated intradermally (Porcilis M Hyo ID Once, Intervet SPAH), (b) intramuscular : 351 piglets vaccinated intramuscularly (Porcilis M1 Intervet SPAH) and (c) controls: 354 piglets injected with a placebo (adjuvant only). Performance parameters such as average daily weight gain (ADG), as well as health parameters and lung lesion scores were monitored from four weeks of age until slaughter. The improvement in ADG over the controls, during the finishing phase, was 27 g/day for the intradermal group and 17 g/day for the intramuscular group. Both intradermal and intramuscular vaccinations were effective in reducing clinical signs and lung lesions caused by M hyopneumoniae. Compared with the controls, approximately 10.4 per cent fewer clinical cases were diagnosed in the intradermal group, and 6 per cent fewer in the intramuscular group, during the finishing period. In conclusion, performance results were better in the vaccinated groups than in the control group, while intradermal vaccination afforded greater protection than intramuscular vaccination, especially with regard to morbidity, lung lesion and pleuritis scores.     

中药在猪瘟疫苗免疫中的免疫调节作用

通过对断奶仔猪投服不同剂量的中药免疫增强剂，研究其对猪瘟疫苗免疫调节作用的影响。试验组在注射猪瘟疫苗同时以1％的中药免疫增强剂混饲，其猪瘟血清抗体效价明显高于对照组，差异显著（P〈0．05）；接种疫苗后15d和45d，试验组T淋巴细胞的百分率显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）。试验表明，猪只在接种猪瘟疫苗的同时服用中药免疫增强剂，能显著增强猪瘟疫苗的免疫效果，促进T淋巴细胞的增殖，增强其免疫力。     

Evaluation of criteria for the postmortem diagnosis of mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine.

Ten swine from each of five herds believed to be affected with mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine and ten swine from each of five herds believed to be mycoplasmal pneumonia-free were selected for postmortem study. Lungs from the 100 swine were examined; grossly and microscopically for lesions typical of mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine and culturally and by an indirect immunofluorescent procedure for the presence of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Nineteen of the lungs had both gross and microscopic lesions typical of mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine and 13 (68%) of these were infected, i.e. were culturally and/or indirect immunofluorescent positive. Absence of gross lesions did not prove freedom from mycoplasmal pneumonia, 14 of 73 (19%) grossly normal lungs were found to be infected with M. hyopneumoniae. Comparison of the indirect immunofluorescent and cultural examination, as methods of diagnosing mycoplasma pneumonia, revealed that neither procedure alone was reliable in the case of negative results. Ten lungs were indirect immunofluorescent negative and culturally positive and seven were culturally negative and indirect immunofluorescent positive (11 lungs were positive by both procedures). It was concluded that a definitive diagnosis of mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine requires that M. hyopneumoniae be visualized in indirect immunofluorescent stained lung sections or that it be recovered culturally.